Week 1: Critical reasoning
Theme 1: what is reasoning?
According to critical thinking and communication (by Edward S. Inch & Kristen H. Tudor), reasoning is the ability to construct a rational between the claim and the authorizes the steps we make when drawing a conclusion.
What is it to have a good sense?
To be considered as someone that has a good sense, one must be able to provide reasonable judgments that are rational between the evidence and the claim.
Are we all rational the same way?
I don’t think all humans are rational the same way because not every human engage in series of steps which includes accessing, organizing and analyzing a problem before arriving at a final judgment
Why do good arguments so often fail to convince?
They are
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Critical thinking is a very important skill to have. It gives a helping hand in prevent people from making bad decision. It also helps them solve their problems. It permits us to consider consequences in systematic and rational ways.
How do critical thinking relate to logic? critical thinking associate with logic in light of the fact that it likewise includes great thinking and reasoning, so logic is a piece of critical thinking. For instance, This implies that rationale is incorporated into critical thinking however it does not imply that critical thinking is a piece of logic.
Where is critical thinking needed?
Critical thinking can be applied in many aspects such as work places and universities
Can we be too critical? And what does this mean?
Being too critical means inclined to judge too extremely. For example, Michael Roth, the president of Wesleyan university said that the first thing curious students do when reading a text is to find out what is wrong with it. Roth says that “when students feel the need to find flaws in every text they study, they lose the ability to use those texts to create meaning and find inspiration”.
What is a statement?
A statement is an utterance of something that can be false or true.
Week 2: Arguments
Theme 1: what is an
When trying to define critical thinking you might run into some challenges along the way. Critical thinking is a widely used yet vague term that is practiced by different people in a variety of locations throughout the world. Critical thinking is a strong virtue for the majority and the worst enemy for others. Needless to say without critical thinking we would be nowhere close to where we are today pertaining to our technological and social endeavors.
I have always considered myself a well-rounded and logical thinker; that is until I started the class Humanities 101 – Critical Reasoning. Since I was young, I have always attempted to use truth and facts in arguments that I have been involved in. I was a successful arguer, or what I thought was a successful arguer. On numerous occasions, I have reasoned my case well enough for my counterpart to turn their viewpoint around and agree with me. However, I now see that I used flawed logic during many of these arguments. While I was not completely egocentric in my rationale, I used many nonegocentric attributes to further my cases. For example, using the egocentric thinking flowchart, I would try to protect myself whenever I could and fight for my point of view. This would sometimes appear to come across as inflexible in my thinking; however, I did not feel I was getting all the relevant information to diverge from my original stance. With that, if my flawed logic were highlighted with reasonable justification, I would sway my position, if it made logical sense to me. After taking the course, I am now aware of what logical fallacies I was using and how egocentric my rational was.
The author Vincent Ruggiero defines critical thinking in his book Beyond Feelings: A Guide to Critical Thinking, as a “search for answers, a quest.” It is the idea that one does not accept claims, ideas, and arguments blindly, but questions and researches these things before making a decision on them. From what I learned in class, critical thinking is the concept of accepting that there are other people and cultures in this world that may have different opinions. It is being able to react rationally to these different opinions.
The dictionary term and understanding for the word ‘logic’ is “of sound thinking and proof by reasoning” (Merriam-Webster, 2009). Logic is the examination of the methods and doctrine used to determine ‘correct’ from ‘incorrect’ and is used in the structure of an argument. Allied to critical thinking, logic has a place and holds a relationship that reflects the thought process yet; critical thinking has a more diverse standard of questioning relative to developing both intellectual and emotional queries that can better evaluate reason.
In general, as shown by analysis of the literature, there are three stages of critical thinking research. The first stage was within 1970-1982. During this period, researchers paid their attention to the importance of logical thinking, believing that it formed the core of critical thinking (Reichenbach, 2000). E. Glaser developed training program of critical thinking, which addressed
According to the American Heritage dictionary, the definition of Logic is “the study of the principles of reasoning, especially of the structure of propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and validity in deductive reasoning”. It also says that logic is “valid reasoning.” I believe that logic and critical thinking are closely related in that logic is used in the process of thinking critically. Perception, as stated in the American Heritage dictionary, is “the process, act, or faculty of perceiving”. Perceiving is to become aware through any of the senses.
What is critical thinking? Encarta Pocket Dictionary defines critical thinking as a type of critical analysis. Encarta Pocket Dictionary defines a decision as firmness in choosing something. The authors of Whatever It Takes suggest that decision-making material and literature tend to emphasize the product of decision-making but does not emphasize the actual process of decision-making. Critical thinking is the mechanical process by which problems are perceived, alternative solutions weighed, and rational decisions are made and decision-making is streams of choices (McCall, Kaplan, xv).
Questions are something that must be asked and can be very important when reading a literary work, watching a movie, or just simply trying to understand the habits of people today. Asking questions opens up the human brain to dig farther and deeper into the meaning of why someone did something in a specific way and what purpose it has that something must be done in that way. Critical thinking is asking question and trying to hypothesize on what the answer to that question might be. Critically thinking is a healthy aspect of opening up the brain and will improve one’s thought process on how to apply critical thinking in situations where it is dependent, like a future
on the ability of the thinker to be able to successfully think logically. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, logic is defined as "the science of reasoning, proof, thinking, or inference." Therefore, being able to think logically would assist in one's critical thinking abilities. Logic is not tainted by human emotion, and is therefore can be considered a reliable tool to accompany the critical thinking process.
“Having good sense”, “being levelheaded”, or “being sensible” are common American-English terms that encompass the idea of rational choice theory. Common sense is a trait many people commonly expect from others as people show frustration when someone lacks common sense. We expect a level of rationality from one another; this is where rational choice theory comes in. On the outset, rational choice theory simply makes “sense”. The basic idea is that people conduct actions that will earn rewards and avoid punishments, a simple idea that we see other humans follow just as we do.
Rationality and good judgement are typically affected by certain ways of thinking which are often studied within the psychological community. Within the community, these different ways of effected thinking are called cognitive biases. Breaking down the overall umbrella of the term cognitive bias yields subcategories of decision-making, social and memory biases, among others. Biases such as these affect all humans in one way or another. My personal experience with cognitive biases include confirmation bias, authority bias and egocentric bias. This list is definitely not complete, as I am sure there are many more biases I experience without even realizing what is happening. That being said, the first experience I would like to present is
My academic decisions can sometimes lead me to have a negative state of mind. The text states that critical thinking requires a willingness and passion to explore, probe, question, and search for answers and solutions. Staying positive and have a positive attitude can assist me in knowing how to approaching, and making decisions. The chapter also taught me that asking questions is a pa...
Critical thinking is the careful scrutiny of what is stated as true or what appears to be true and the resulting expression of an opinion or conclusion based on that scrutiny, and (2) the creative formulation of an opinion or conclusion when presented with a question, problem or issue, (Kist-Ashman, 2011, p. 33).
...2001). Ken Langdon (2001) states that, "The decision-makers will never leave the point of the decision without thinking about the steps necessary to implement the decision successfully (Langdon, 2001)." It is crucial that people who are critically thinking to make decisions do so by utilizing the critical thinking skills they have adopted. No decision made is good unless a decision is made with rationality.
It is a process in which knowledge and experience are applied to various alternatives in consideration in order to achieve the desired objective. It is a process that involves both inductive as well as deductive cognitive skills. Critical thinking is considered as inherent in making sound clinical reasoning. As critical reasoning and thinking make use of logical arguments they most probably lead one towards the evidence of any issue and help one to get down to the root cause of the problem. Hence it becomes a very crucial as well as vital part of the process that is constructed to resolve an ethical violation issue related to cyber technology.