THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Literary interpretation and theoretical perspectives are interdependent. Interpretation on any work of literature can be treated through theories and that theories cannot do anything without interpretation.
This present study is fundamentally grounded on the formalistic theory of literary analysis. Formalistic theory was developed at the beginning of the 20th century. It is also known Practical Criticism in England and New Criticism in America which focuses on the formal features found in literature (Burkett, nd).
Bertens (2001) affirms that formalists really were primarily oriented towards the form of literature. Klarer (2011) supports this by noting that form denotes the relationship between different
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It involves the recall of knowledge of literary concepts, elements or conventions in any genre. On the other hand, literary interpretation skills comprise the skill in recognizing setting and characterization, understanding the theme and the like. While, literary analysis skills focuses on how plot/structure, character, setting, and many other techniques are used by the author to create meaning.
On the other hand, this study adapts Smith-Johnson Model in the development of the literature-based reading program as an aid to help improve the students’ level of literary competence. This model views that when literature is used as a lens through which content is seen, young readers identify sense of relevance to their own experience. It notes that literature is treated as the principal source for instruction and that since thematic studies tend to be student-driven, the learning environment must reflect on this (Diaz de Rivera,
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The literary competence of the Grade 10 students of Simbalan National High School is determined using the analysis of the literary elements through formalistic theory of literary analysis. Texts from the literary genres such as essay, poetry, novels/short story and drama are considered as the subject for literary analysis. The skills are assessed through adapting the categories of skills adapted from Legaspi (1991) particularly literary information skill, literary interpretation skill and literary analysis
“It takes courage to grow up and become who you really are.” Clover, the main character in the story The Other Side by Jacqueline Woodson, Clover grows up, disobeys her mom, and makes a new friend. I think the theme of the story The Other Side is courageous because Annie and Clover are both kind to each other, they accept each other, and they are both brave.
Author: Walter Benn Michaels is the chair of the Department of English at the University of Illinois at Chicago teaching literary theory, and American literature. Michaels has also has multiple essays and books published such as Against Theory, The shape of the Signifier, and Diversity's False Solace
To Kill a Mockingbird is a classic novel written by Harper Lee. The novel is set in the depths of the Great Depression. A lawyer named Atticus Finch is called to defend a black man named Tom Robinson. The story is told from one of Atticus’s children, the mature Scout’s point of view. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, the Finch Family faces many struggles and difficulties. In To Kill a Mockingbird, theme plays an important role during the course of the novel. Theme is a central idea in a work of literature that contains more than one word. It is usually based off an author’s opinion about a subject. The theme innocence should be protected is found in conflicts, characters, and symbols.
In a country like the United States of America, with a history of every individual having an equal opportunity to reach their dreams, it becomes harder and harder to grasp the reality that equal opportunity is diminishing as the years go on. The book Our Kids by Robert Putnam illustrates this reality and compares life during the 1950’s and today’s society and how it has gradually gotten to a point of inequality. In particular, he goes into two touching stories, one that shows the changes in the communities we live in and another that illustrates the change of family structure. In the end he shows how both stories contribute to the American dream slipping away from our hands.
Robin Cochrane Mrs. Schroder AP Literature and Composition 3 January 2018 The Awakening 1999 Prompt In one’s lifetime, he or she may face an internal struggle. Perhaps the struggle lies in a difficult choice between right and wrong. Perhaps it lies in a decision between want and need.
Deep-seated in these practices is added universal investigative and enquiring of acquainted conflicts between philosophy and the art of speaking and/or effective writing. Most often we see the figurative and rhetorical elements of a text as purely complementary and marginal to the basic reasoning of its debate, closer exploration often exposes that metaphor and rhetoric play an important role in the readers understanding of a piece of literary art. Usually the figural and metaphorical foundations strongly back or it can destabilize the reasoning of the texts. Deconstruction however does not indicate that all works are meaningless, but rather that they are spilling over with numerous and sometimes contradictory meanings. Derrida, having his roots in philosophy brings up the question, “what is the meaning of the meaning?”
According to A Handbook of Critical Approaches, the Formalistic Approach is one “with a methodology.” The Formalistic Approach requires a critic to examine the structure, or form, of a literary work. For example, studying the imagery of a literary
In The Way to Rainy Mountain, the author Scott Momaday uses the theme of a journey to drive this story. He begins his journey after the passing of his grandmother, the journey to reconnect and rediscover his own culture. He shares this moment on page 10, “I remember her most often in prayer. She made long, rambling prayers out of suffering and hope, having seen many things…the last time I saw her she prayed standing by the side of her bed at night, naked to the waist, the light of a kerosene lamp moving upon her dark skin…I do not speak Kiowa, and I never understood her prayers, but there was something inherently sad in the sound, some merest hesitation upon the syllables of sorrow”. The passing brought a realization upon him to have to keep the culture going. He can barely speak Kiowa, while his grandmother was one of the few members who were completely fluent. I believe this book is a call out to his tribe to take the same journey Momaday took.
Raman Selden, Peter Widdowson, and Peter Brooker. A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory. 4th ed. London: Prentice Hall and Harvester Wheatrsheaf. 1997.
Literature is a key component when speaking of literacy. Teachers need to provide students with endless amounts of practice experiences in reading to build their fluency rate. This should be done with different genres of texts and different levels. Reading a wide variety of literature help children develop rich vocabularies.
Smithson, Isaiah. “Structuralism as a Method of Literary Criticism.” College English. Vol. 37, No. 2. National Council of Teacher of English. 1975. 145-59. Web.
One area in which the possibility of the existence of more than one meaning or interpretation creates tension is literature. "Intention, text, context, reader – what determines meaning? Now the very fact that arguments are made for all four factors shows that meaning is complex and elusive, not something once and f...
According to A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature, formalistic approach represents "an approach with methodology, with a history, with practitioners and with some detractors" (73). "When all the words, phrases, metaphors, images, and symbols and examined in terms of each other and of the whole, any literary text worth our efforts will display its own internal logic" (75). However, peculiarity of language use remains one of the most prevalent aspects of the formalistic approach in literature.
Flannery O’Connor is best known for her Southern Gothic writing style and grotesque characters. Dorothy Tuck McFarland states that “O’Connor created bizarre characters or extreme situations in order to attain deeper kinds of realism” (1). This writing style is seen in Flannery O’Connor’s short story “A Good Man is Hard to Find”. Flannery O’Connor uses many techniques to gain the reader’s attention and keep them captivated. One way that O’Connor does this is by revolving her stories around symbols and integrating religious elements into her works. O’Connor is widely recognized for incorporating her Catholic faith into her stories. “She was a devout Roman Catholic, with a Southern upbringing” (Whitt 1). There are many types of ways to interpret “A Good Man is Hard to Find”. One method is by using formalist criticism. Formalist criticism exists when a reader can approach, analyze, and understand a story by using elements like the setting and symbolism.
Within the stories of these volumes of books, they have tapped in to something that may be about race, finding yourself, or just a fun story to tell. In my opinion, the authors such as Mark Twain, Kate Chopin, and more have developed a sense of popularity from their stories in which I like. Within these characters from theses short stories or poems, the audience can relate to what the characters may be going through and there outcome. Metaphors, synonyms, similes, hyperboles, and more rhetorical terms are present throughout the works from these creative authors. I find this to be interesting because having all these different elements and the events that occur makes me love these stories. Therefore, I would like to focus on my interpretation