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Importance of intellectual property
Intellectual property and its importance
Intellectual property and its importance
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Introduction
Counterfeiting and piracy has affected the economy worldwide and is continuously growing at a steady pace. Counterfeiting can be defined as the manufacturing of any product with the intentions of closely resembling the appearance of another product to mislead consumers into thinking that they have the authentic creation. Examples of counterfeiting include trademark infringement, copying of packaging, copyright infringement, or copying any other significant features in another product. Piracy can be defined as the production and distribution of products and materials that are copyright protected while making such materials available on online networks without the authorization of the right owner which is required by law. There are
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This includes negative effects on employment, innovation and growth, environment and criminal activities.
Section 1.1
Employment
Over the years counterfeiting and piracy has have a negative effect on employment. According to the AFP (Australian Federal Police) the Annual loss of jobs were 100,000 in the EU due to Counterfeiting and 750000 jobs in the United States. The tremendous loss of jobs is increasing rapidly over time which is consequently affecting the world economy. There are a number of reasons as to why this is happening. The first reason has to do with companies and businesses losing revenue which in turn affect employment. These businesses and companies lose revenue due to the counterfeiting of their product. When infringement parties make the counterfeit goods, consumers will most likely be attracted to buying these goods because most likely it would be selling at a much lower price compared to the original. This therefore decreases the demand for this product and therefore means that some of the market shares are being lost from the company. According to an article in the Pacific Business Review International, 25% of market shares are lost due to counterfeiting and piracy in India. Due to the fact that companies lose revenue, this means that they might not be able to maintain the current workforce that they currently posses. This would result in companies cutting jobs and possibly completely eliminating job positions all together. Approximately 2.5 million jobs have
In the case study “Pirates”, there is a debate of should copyrights been protected or not, or should illegal pirating been allowed? (Brusseau, 2012). One argument states that the copyright should be protected since it is an intellectual property. On the opposite, the argument argues that people who cloning the CDs may purchase the CDs themselves or given the original CDs by someone else, they own this property now, and they can do what they want with it.
The American Heritage Dictionary defines piracy as “the unauthorized duplication of copyrighted or patented material.” It is a problem that affects companies all over the world. Piracy of software, movies, and music is commonplace in China. China has the second worst piracy rate in the world; about 92 percent of the software in China is pirated (Williams 2004). Various companies and governments have attempted to combat piracy, but they had not seen much success until recent years. Combating piracy is a difficult task, especially in a country that has a history of not enforcing intellectual property laws.
Have you ever seen a movie that cost you $250,000 and five years of your life? Because that is what committing the crime of physical piracy costs you. There are two different types of piracy such as digital and physical. Both have the same principal behind them. Many people don’t consider piracy as a real crime. Because there is no physical evidence of digital piracy, often people see nothing wrong with what they are doing. In reality, they are committing a similar crime as the person who walks in a store and steals a DVD. In both cases, the patron is responsible for his or her actions and should be punished justly. The definition of stealing is to take another person’s property without legal permission and without intending to return it. Stealing is not only morally wrong, but can also get someone in trouble with the law. Piracy has become more of a trend and easier than ever with the new digital age.
Consumer attitudes are influenced by social pressure which is inclusive of informative and normative susceptibility (Ang, et al., 2001; Bearden, Netemeyer, & Teel, 1989; Wang, Zhang, & Ouyang, 2005). Normative consumers are more concerned with impressing others and ensuring that their behaviors are based on the expectations of others. Since counterfeiting is an unethical and illegal activity and involvement in such an activity does not project a positive image, therefore normative consumers would have negative attitude towards counterfeit products (Ang, et al., 2001; Lord, Lee, & Choong, 2001; Penz
In 1860, Charles Eden and his companions travelled to the ruined city of Leon in Nicaragua, to scale the nearby volcano of El Viejo. From his account of this journey, within first edition of The Alpine Journal in 1864, was the earliest known mention of the phrase ‘golden age of piracy’ is used. The ‘golden age of piracy’ is a problematic term, both to define and to use in historiographical debate. Piracy on the one hand, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is “the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea.” While within the same dictionary, the term ‘golden age’ is defined to be “an idyllic, often imaginary past time.” A contrasting and contradictory pair to place together, yet this term was given to encompass the three outbreaks of piracy in the early modern world; the Buccaneering period, the
With the boom of technology in China and the new capitalism ideas, China also has a huge piracy problem. According to the International Intellectual Property Alliance's 2003 report on China, the piracy problem in China creates $1.85 billion in 2002 alone with 90% piracy rates for all copyrighted materials.5 This piracy problem affects negatively on China's global relations and economic improvements. China's current copyright laws are still in its teenage years, and the fast pace of technological advancement isn't helping either.
There is a saying: “Monkey see, Monkey do.” In today’s world, it seems that it’s only natural for humans to imitate what they see works in society. Though there are beneficial facets for imitating, there are also damaging consequences. Counterfeit is a strong word that describes companies that forge bills or create fake fashion goods, electronic items, and even pharmaceuticals. For the purpose of this research, the focus will be on the different aspects of counterfeiting goods in the fashion industry. Though fashion has continuously changed, been reinvented and some even being dubbed ‘classics’, one thing will always remain: a designer’s ability to express creativity. Fashion is mainly dictated by trends whether they are past, present, or future, making counterfeiting in the fashion industry is a very lucrative, multibillion industry. The current economic climate allows for luxury to be almost ludicrously unaffordable. With high demands for low cost items, the market thrives on consumers’ obsession with spending while saving at the same time. With the 21st century’s expectations and having the need to be worth something, it yields an unstoppable industry. This is especially prominent among women because they are predominantly image-based and willing to hunt for the perfect equilibrium between trend and price. The desire to appeal a certain way induces counterfeiting. Fashion savvy shoppers long for that moment when they can afford Christian Louboutin, Louis Vuitton, Hermes, and other rare or out of reach goods. The more unobtainable the product, the more desirable it is. It is not a surprise that many are willing to purchase the counterfeit than the authentic due to its resemblance and price. Counterfeiting affects the industry be...
Each day an estimated 400,000 films exchange hands through the Internet. Movie piracy, once reserved to pirate syndicates and illegal duplication factories, has become a common staple among college students with high-speed internet access. With advanced compression technology, movie files can be transferred across continents in hours and across campus networks in under ten minutes. File-sharing is seen as a victimless crime, but the motion picture industry is expected to lose $3.5 billion this year alone due to piracy. Pirate activities undermine every aspect of the legitimate filmmaking business since legitimate retailers cannot possibly compete fairly with pirate business. Therefore, piracy negatively affects all aspects of film-making including the studios that invest in the film, the distributors, the retailers and foreign and local filmmakers.
to use their money at a local Taco Bell. If teenagers are finding ways to
Consumers knowingly purchase counterfeits products for different reasons. According to a study conducted by Swami et al. (2009), half of the respondent of a survey would knowingly buy counterfeited products. Men are more likely to buy pirated CD’s whereas women prefer to buy counterfeited clothing and accessories, that is to say luxury counterfeited products such as a fake Louis Vuitton bag or Chanel clothes for instance. The studies also showed that younger participant are the ones who buy counterfeit products while older believe that counterfeiters should be punished. In addition to this, counterfeited luxury buyers can be classified in two groups; “the wise shopper” that is to say consumers who buy counterfeit comparable to the original one but which is also superior in price. The second group are those who buy counterfeit with a lower price but can be noticed that it is not the original one. (BA, Brand management, lecture notes,
Plagarism and Copyright are sources of great controversy in society. With modern copyright laws disputes can be unfairly settled. Modern copyright law in the United States has been modified many times since its inclusion in the Constitution in 1776. The most recent change was in 1998 in which the copyrighted work would be protected for the length of the authors life and seventy years after wards1. For example, If a 25 year old person publishes a book in 2005. That book is protected under copyright for the rest of that persons life (an estimated 65 more years) plus 70 years afterward. This extension of protection is good for people whose works have taken a while to make money. So even if this book takes ten years to actually turn a profit. The profit will still be the authors and no one can make a more popular version of their book. However is this a means to help struggling authors or a means for companies to make more money? How did copyright get so out of control? And what does it mean for creators now with the internet age?
According to the book “Pirate’s Dilemma,” “Are Pirates have to scupper us? Are they a threat to be battled or innovators we should compete with and learn from?” (Matt Mason 4). Piracy has and will always be a threat to the whole media industry and of course the economy. As long as people can download for free or buy never been released movies in a cheaper price, there is no way media industries can compete with that.
Copyright infringement is a major issue with media ethics. Many people confuse copyright infringement with trademark infringement (Miller, 2012). However, copyright infringement is when someone unlawfully uses a particular work that is protected by copyright law. These works can include: movies, pictures, songs, albums, artwork, pieces of literature, and newspapers. There is no reason for any of the previous to be copyright infringed, because there are ways to correctly cite all of them as sources, without illegally copyright infringing them. Most people simply do not use their resources to help them with their citing.
When you purchase counterfeit software, you're supporting disreputable companies, not tax-paying, legitimate businesses that provide jobs and salaries to good citizens. The profits from these sales of counterfeit software don't help expand the economy by providing jobs, taxes, and wages, and there is a good chance the profits are funding additional illegitimate businesses. Legitimate companies never receive any funds from the sale of counterfeit software, and frequently this loss of revenue leads to layoffs for workers in all related industries, from manufacturers to resellers. So, as you can see, purchasing counterfeit software doesn't only impact software manufacturers, it impacts everyone.
The industry basically works by selling and buying; however, if the sales decrease there is a huge impact in the economic growth of the firms. There are many factors, which can affect the growth of the firm. The factors that affect the firm do not have a great impact in their growth; nevertheless, a factor that has recently surged is the music piracy, and it has become a negative externality. A negative externality “occurs when a product or decision costs the society more than its private cost” . Music piracy makes the music market loose billions of dollars in the US and even though it doesn’t impact the economy on a big much it has a small impact such as the increase of unemployment per year.