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The Reagan Years A to Z, essay
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As the American economy and society evolved, conservatives seized the opportunity to strengthen its influence on the nation’s culture and politics. A newfound enthusiasm for religion led to the cooperative effort to encourage continuities in cultural norms and expectations. On the other hand, the presence of conservative policies and goals in the government gave way to significant changes within the nation’s political system. Similarly, as influence of the Sunbelt increased, its occupants called for recognition of conservative demands, consequently shifting the political balance of the country. The rise of the modern conservative movement played a significant role in the attempt to maintain traditional cultural views through religious appeal, …show more content…
The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, introduced in Document Three, was drafted with the purpose of encouraging economic growth, strategically limiting taxes in ways such that the wealthy disproportionately benefitted in hopes that said recipients of these advantages would put their surplus money into the nation’s economy. This Reaganomics policy corresponded to the neoconservative President Ronald Reagan’s promise to let taxpayers keep more of their money, thus decreasing the government’s financial supply, which would in turn reduce government spending and power. This historic tax and budget reduction set a tone for the rest of the Reagan presidency, whose advocation of the conservatives’ ideal limited government marked the end of new Great Society-like social programs, therefore contributing to the change of American politics to pursue economic growth without government interference. In the 1980s, the increasing federal deficits, shown in the graph of Document Seven, alarmed Americans and well as the Reagan administration. These historically exorbitant national deficits, which reached over 150 trillion dollars more than any other point in American fiduciary history, were found to be caused in part by entitlement programs, such as Social Security, as health care costs increased with the age. This concern led to Reagan creating even more political changes when he contradicted his campaign promise to lower taxes in effort to compromise with Democrats in Congress, increasing taxes by scaling back on previously approved fiscal deductions for businesses so that the government would still be able to sponsor and stabilize the highly favored, yet expensive Social Security Act, as described by Paul Krugman is his opinion piece The Great Taxer, observed in Document Six. This bipartisan
Many argue that Reagan “enacted irresponsible tax giveaways for the rich…[starving] the federal government of revenue [which] led to unprecedented deficits.” There is no doubt that “today’s budget deficits [can] impoverish our descendants.”1
Johnson led America in a time of many social movements, and the power of the Civil Rights Movement only added to the importance of passing the Civil Rights Act as soon as possible. Now that the inequality and injustice of minorities was brought to attention, Johnson had the power and motivation to put the Great Society reforms into action, which Democrats had been working towards since President Roosevelt and his New Deal programs. Reagan, however, was president during a time of greed. Reagan came into office during a poor time for the economy, and the upper and middle class Americans were more upset about their taxes being spent on poor Americans through welfare programs. There was also concern for people taking advantage of these programs. Reagan reflected these views and used his views on deregulation of businesses and tax cuts to benefit his supporters in the wealthy portion of Americans. With the passing of several laws benefitting minorities in America, social movements had faded from public view while America’s unrest had subsided, and Reagan didn’t need to have a strong support of civil rights. When the economy eventually rebounded due to Reagan’s economic policies, the success of wealthy businessmen brought about even more greed as the small portion of upper class Americans showed enjoyed luxuries and reaped the benefits of less social
Political cultures are dominant in certain areas of the country due to westward expansion. Moralism characterizes communitarian-agrarian New England and the far northern states, while the agrarianism of the middle states is individualistic. Traditionalism dominates the South and its plantation agrarianism structure. Typically, moralistic political cultures focus on agrarianism, individualism on commerce, and traditionalism on aristocratic legitimacy. These differing foci help to categorize Elazar’s political cultures in the United States (Elazar 1984: 119, 122).
The 1960s and 1970s helped shape the conservative movement to grow in popularity and allowed conservatives to enjoy modern benefits such as economic prosperity and consumerism without conforming to liberal ideologies. The period of strong conservative support, the 1960s, usually refers to the time frame between 1964 through 1974. The grass roots mobilization started strong with the help of Orange County's middle-class men and women volunteers. The effort and hard work of these people along with economic support from businesses such as the National Review helped to spread conservative philosophy. Other contributions to the effort include community meetings, film showing, handing out pamphlets, and Fred Schwarz's school of anti-communism to inform Southern Californians of communist threat. Among anti-communism, conservatives also believe in the importance of religion, a restrictive government role, upholding traditional American values, and private business prosperity. The ethos upheld by long-time residents along with a heavy migration of people who would later join right-wing conservatism made Orange County the ideal location to enrich and expand the movement.
As a free country that aimed to develop republicanism, the United States of America had to carry out several constitutional changes during the early period of development. Of course, there were several factors which contributed in shaping the United States of America during the early national period, and they occurred in political development, religious development, and economic development of the United States, the most important aspects of every modern country. Each of these three aspects were interconnected. Institutions and individuals working in these fields influenced the shaping of America and its Constitution after the Independence War. Although their main influences were the ideals that arose during Enlightenment, there were several obstacles in using ideals from the Age of Reason in creating a liberal republic, so several changes had to be made. The ideals that inspired the Revolution had to be influenced to create a functional reality-based system, not one created on ideals. The biggest influence in many political and economic decisions was the growing tension between the North and the South which fought constantly for interests, followed by the influence of religious groups on the Constitution. However, liberalism was still an important influence in objective political decisions on a federal level.
Amongst one of the most pressing issues President Ronald Reagan inherited from the previous administration was an economy mired in an endless morass of stagflation. In response, Reagan’s administration implemented a programme of economic liberalisation under the banner of ‘Reaganomics’ to catalyse economic activity. However, critics of Reaganomics posited that these liberal market reforms served to benefit the upper classes of American society at the expense of its middle and lower classes. As a result, this essay asserts that this criticism is true to a large extent; while Reaganomics did instigate a period of consistent economic growth for the United States of America (USA), it also played a major role in exacerbating societal and economic
Reich gives his argument more validity by exploring the conditions before and after the Great Depression, which are known, as the basis for his proposals. Specifically, he uses the analysis and ideas of Marriner Eccles, governor of the Federal Reserve Board during Franklin Roosevelt’s presidency, to show how social policies enacted after the Great Depression succeed in reducing income inequality (p. 44). Reich also builds his recommendations largely on longstanding programs such as Medicare and the Earned Income Tax Credit, which have been successful in their goals of providing health care coverage to seniors and higher incomes to the poor. Gilbert and Terrell (2010) point out that modern societies have come to expect the government to have a significant role in social welfare (p. 13), making it difficult to imagine the country abandoning social welfare programs as Murray suggests. By drawing on lessons of the past and the structure of current social policies, Reich can reasonably argue that Americans have shown a willingness to relinquish some of Murray’s beloved freedom for a measure of social
In the Nineteenth Century the natural order of conservatism was challenged by new ideology such as Marxism and Liberalism. Conservatism was the norm and dominated Europe at the time so of course people were going to challenge monarchs because of their disagreement with the way they ruled. So I am here to show why conservatism is better for countries than liberalistic ideas. Also I will give sufficient reasoning why the conservative limits on voting should not change and why the limits are best for a country.
There was general prosperity in America following the Second World War, however in the 1970s inflation rose, productivity decreased, and corporate debt increased. Individual incomes slipped as oil prices raised. Popular dissent surrounding the economic crisis helped Reagan win the 1980 election under promises to lower taxes, deregulate, and bring America out of stagnation. Many New Right supporters put their faith in him to change the system. To start his tenure, Reagan passed significant tax cuts for the rich to encourage investment. Next he passed the Economy Recovery Tax Act that cut tax rates by 25% with special provisions that favored business. Reagan’s economic measures were based on his belief in supply-side economics, which argued that tax cuts for the wealthy and for business stimulates investment, with the benefits eventually tricking down to the popular masses. His supply-side economic policies were generally consistent with the establishment’s support of free market, ...
In the 19-th Century, many Americans were intent on reforming and improving the American society. The reformers had their own thoughts and ideas on how to reform and improve the society that they were living in. America, during the 19-th century, saw a lot of movements. People found out that there are some things wrong, and they felt that these things needed to be changed on some point in the future.
The Progressive Movement was the time and period when they started using government and business to correct problems. It was actually quite successful because they were able to advocate for change and encounter solutions or reforms for the problems of society.
One of FDR greatest achievements was the New Deal. Although it failed to end the Great Depression, it helped bring about the beginning of a national recovery. The Roosevelt’s administration had good intentions and some of the programs came out of the New Deal benefited the U.S. economy in the long run. The New Deal redefined the role of the federal government, and its willingness to assist the poor, the elderly, and the working class. In 1935, he signed the Social Security Act into law, creating the nation’s first pension system for retired workers age 65 or older. Social Security has grown to become a crucial aspect of modern life. Likewise, some of the government agencies created during his presidency still stand today. His commitment to assisting the working class and the poor shifted political loyalties. The New Deal also strengthened the Democratic Party as the working class became one of the most loyal supporters. FDR’s social and economic reforms dramatically changed the two major parties in the United States, which continue to dominate American politics up until now. In addition, his administration “generated as New Deal liberalism, that remained a source of inspiration…that helped shape the next major experiments in liberal reform” (Brinkley, 2010, pg. 62). The New Deal allowed the economy to recover by creating more jobs for the people and started the foundation of different social
The conservative movement has played a crucial role in American politics in the post war era. Ronald Story and Bruce Laurie indentify various elements of the American conservatism. These elements include challenging authoritarian governments and modernist culture, upholding tradition, Christian religion and the rule of law, defending western civilization, and supporting republicanism. American conservatism has been characterized by competing ideologies and tension throughout history. The Americans who are politically liberal and economically conservative favor free trade, minimal state intervention, low taxes, and a small government. On the other hand, conservatives hold the view that American traditional values are normally undermined by secularism. Social conservatives have always opposed same-sex marriages and abortion, and instead have been supporting the idea of integrating prayer into the school curriculum (Story and Laurie 1).
Introduction: Neither the resolve of patriots nor the labor of men freed Americans from the hands of tyranny. The fathers of this nation, as well as those who fought for her ability to prosper were united by their unwavering faith and trust in God. The future of this world lay heavily upon their shoulders, yet they carried the burden willingly for the duration of their lives and passed it down from generation to generation. As a result, a new nation was born and grew into one of the most powerful countries of the world. Although America began as a Christian nation, it has pulled away from the fundamental beliefs that held this nation together. Despite their ancient predecessor’s emphasis on faith and Christianity, the current government has taken a more secular path. The legality of abortion and the exclusion of religious references in public institutions are a couple of examples how morality has been corrupted within the government. Society itself also forsakes the religious path, twisting the concept of morality to fit the lifestyles they wish to lead. David Barton uses line graphs to demonstrate the decrease of morality since 1950. Violent behavior, the circulation of sexually transmitted diseases, and the birth rate for unwed girls, has drastically inclined while educational achievement and family stability have dropped at an accelerated rate (242). It is apparent through the government’s choices, the media, and the attitudes present in average society that Americans have drifted far away from the principles on which this country was founded. Without a genuine faith and trust in God, American society will continue to deteriorate until memories of a once great nation are all that remains.
Lyndon Johnson was the next president to make significant advances in social welfare. He launched his War on Poverty, aimed at turning America into a Great Society, one without homeless on the streets or hungry children. In order to accomplish these goals he established liberalized requirements for government money. Over the next thirty years, Johnson’s dreams of a society without poverty were not realized. Time showed his programs did more harm than good, raising the nation debt to staggering proportions. In 1996, Bill Clinton signed a Welfare Reform bill as passed to by a Republican Congress. Reform in 1996 meant cutbacks in aid to the peopl...