Business strive for high production at low cost. This would result in the
highest profit for a company. To many businesses, this is only a mirage. This
is because the 'low cost' of the business usually results in a 'high cost' for
the employees. This high cost is lower quality workplace items, lower salaries,
less benefits, etc. These costs create an upset workplace environment.
Companies understand that the more efficient their workers are, the more
productive their business will become. Although this will take lots of money at
first, the result will be extreme success. There exist many different things in
the workplace that add to stress and injuries. They range from lifting heavy
boxes to typing too much on the keyboard. This paper will be focusing on the
principals of ergonomics in the computer workstation. According to the Board of
Certification for Professional Ergonomists (BCPE), the definition of ergonomics
"is a body of knowledge about human abilities, human limitations and human
characteristics that are relevant to design. Ergonomic design is the
application of this body of knowledge to the design of tools, machines, systems,
tasks, jobs, and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human
use."(BCPE, 1993) In the average computer workstation, employees are prone to
over a dozen hazards. There exist two factors that can prevent this: forming
good work habits and ergonomically designed computer workstations. We will
discuss these preventions throughout the paper.
First, a few terms may need defining. Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI) takes
place from the repeated physical movements of certain body parts which results
in damage to tendons, nerves, muscles, and other soft body tissues. If these
injuries are not taken care of immediately, permanent damage could be done. A
few common results of RSI's that were not taken care of right away are injuries
like Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tendentious, Tenosynovitis, DeQuervain's Syndrome,
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome etc. All of these are able to be prevented by the use
of good working habits and ergonomic engineering.i Usually, ergonomically
designing a computer workstation would cost about $1000. This expense could be
eliminated by the formation of good work habits. This is essential for the
safety of computer terminal employees. There exist a number of precautions that
can be taken into consideration when dealing with a computer workstation. We
shall discuss six of them. First, the whole body must be relaxed. The correct
posture is shown in Figure 1. Notice that the arms and thighs are parallel to
the floor and the feet are flat on the floor. Also notice that the wrists are
not bent in any way. This is one of the most damaged parts of the body when
She has her right leg bent with her knee always in the air and her left foot is
In the John Deere case, they were calling a lot of things overhead that weren't truly overhead (e.g. scrap, which is probably proportional to the amount produced). We discussed with my group how the internal transfer pricing arrangement probably encouraged the managers to think this way, since it awarded contracts on the basis of direct costs but, by the books, the actual transfer price was supposed to be the full price. In summary, the John Deere case was an exercise in thinking about how not to make pricing decisions.
The field of ergonomics stresses the idea of designing the perfect product for people so that whenever the people interact with the product, they are having a beneficial experience and their health and safety is protected by the shape and design of the product. Not only is ergonomics focused on protecting the body, it is also focused on protecting the cognitive abilities (the mind). Therefore, companies should all have ergonomic or human factor departments within their organizations so that the products that they manufacture can have a design that is safe for both the body and mind. This will make their products much more desirable and their companies more competitive in the overall market. Ergonomics has also been proven to increase user satisfaction and reduce insurance claims in work-related injuries. There is a general reduction in work-related injuries because the products being used by employees are safer and healthier. They do not risk that physical health of the employee like regular products might. With ergonomic products, workers are also more productive, efficient, and overall happier when using them.
The purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodation is to ensure that those travelling know exactly where they need to be, what they need to bring and when they need to be there. This helps to ensure they won’t miss any trains/planes/boats etc. by allowing time for travel. It also ensures that they don’t forget something important like a passport or a document needed for the meeting which could also cause delays and embarrassment. Telling them where they are accommodated lets them know what to expect when they are staying overnight, so they can manage there expectations around room quality and service appropriately.
The first being mild TBI symptoms which is the loss of consciousness and/or confusion and disorientation and shorter than 30 minutes. individuals with this type may have cognitive problems such as headache, difficulty thinking, memory problems, attention deficits, mood swings, and frustration. many of these injuries may be overlooked. Other names for mild TBI is concussion. This is often missed at time of initial injury and 15 percent of people with mild TBI have symptoms that last longer than one year. Some common symptoms of mild TBI are fatigue, headaches, visual disturbances, memory loss, poor attention/concentration, sleep disturbances, dizziness/loss of balance, irritability – emotional disturbances, feeling of depression, and seizures. Symptoms may not be present or noticed at the time of injury. They may be delayed days or weeks before they appear. Symptoms are often subtle and often times are missed by the injured person in their doctor. With mild TBI the person may look normal and often moves normal in spite of not feeling or thinking normal. This makes the diagnosis easily missed. The biggest changes that is first noticed is behavioral changes. Students with mild TBI usually do not face significant changes in their academic or language abilities. The next is moderate TBI symptoms. Moderate TBI is defined as a brain injury resulting in a loss of consciousness 20 minutes to 5 hours. and students with
The possibility of having a mild TBI is much more common than to have a severe injury. This does not mean that the injury will not be long lasting. Doctors are able to determine how severe an inj...
...oulders to rest at different angles giving a little bit of a curve to the entire upper
What I would have done if I were to complete this hiatus mangled human form is to continue to define the legs and arms especially. Still keeping the reclining look even though this promotes the idea of laziness in our eyes. After all, Greek art has to be the ideal of all, the perfect balance of mind and body -- picked up from Plato and his teachings. This shows neither. A great example is the discus thrower how the figure shows no physical stress or emotion through the face even though he is performing a strenuous activity. With this in mind further defining of the face, needed so the figure is anatomically correct and shows no stress through facial expression.
...body parts like hands and legs are connect at a hinge which results in the 'end' part of the joint acting as a pendulum resulting in an arc. - Wood, R. (N.D.).
What is ergonomics? Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker. When there is a mismatch between the physical requirements of the job and the physical capacity of the worker, work-related musculoskeletal disorders can result. Workers who must repeat the same motion throughout their workday, work in an awkward position use a great deal of force to perform, repeatedly lift heavy objects or face a combination of these risk factors are most likely to develop work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
It is difficult to escape the influence of technology on modern life. It lurks behind every door: the classroom, home, office, and store. There are many who are resistant to new technology, saying that technology causes harm to society. These claims are often made without the realization that technology also includes important and indispensable parts in their life such as writing and the tools for writing. Writing was one of the first technologies invented. Technology has now become so entrenched in the majority of cultures around the world that it is hard to imagine a life or society without writing. For those that maintain a majority of technology beyond writing is harmful, imagine the difficulty in writing without the help of other technologies, which includes pencils, paper, computers, printing presses, and a number of other technological aids.
With only “160 characters per message. To increase the amount of information they could cram into each message and save time on tapping them out, people started inserting abbreviations, skipping punctuation and using phonetic spelling” (“How Cell Phones”). When writing formal papers we all know that we have to spell out words, but some of the texting language have become a habit that slips into our writing every once and a while, and we have started talking and writing in this texting language as well. This has made our talking and writing informal and we are beginning to lose the original language. Another downfall to texting found by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, “the risk of being involved in a car accident rises dramatically when cell phones are involved; the lives of drivers, pedestrians, and cyclists are endangered daily by irresponsible people who are too distracted by their phone to pay attention to the road” (“How Cell Phones”). It really is sad that we continue to look at our phones even though we know we risk not only ending our lives but the lives of others as
Ergonomics Ergonomics, as defined by the Board of Certification for Professional Ergonomists (BCPE), "is a body of knowledge about human abilities, human limitations and human characteristics that are relevant to design. Ergonomic design is the application of this body of knowledge to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human use". The term ergonomics is derived from the Greek word ergos meaning "work" and nomos meaning "natural laws of" or "study of." The profession has two major branches with considerable overlap. One discipline, sometimes referred to as "industrial ergonomics," or "occupational biomechanics," concentrates on the physical aspects of work and human capabilities such as force, posture, and repetition.
Carpal tunnel syndrome is the first term that comes to mind when thinking of problems that people experience with computer use regarding their hands. Based on my limited knowledge of this topic, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome occurs due to a persons prolonged usage of a computer keyboard. Problems of this sort occur more often due to poor ergonomics and posture. Computer office furniture that does not allow one to adjust the height of the chair or keyboard, so that the arms form a write angle at the elbow, cause strain on the wrist, which may result in carpal tunnel syndrome. People who use computers for long periods of time without giving themselves a break and flexing their wrist have a higher propensity of developing problems.
Keyboard is a one important input device. It is rectangular size. It also contains many keys including numeric keypad, letter of alphabet, punctuation marks and others. Without using this input device, user cannot type text and number into a computer easily. This is only for general keyboard. There are also many kind of keyboard for their function. Gaming keyboard is special design for the person who likes to play games or game maker. The gaming keyboard has its own special programmable keys. Nowadays, world is being more advanced. They also design ergonomic keyboard. This design is special for the employees who always sitting in front of the computer. This design can prevent muscle pain which can lead to long-term disability. It is really comfortable. In addition, keyboard also can be found in laptop. It is different from the d...