The objective of this research is to synthesize the compound 3-diazonium-4-(trifluorovinyloxy)-perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride zwitterion for polymerization and use as the electrolyte in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. As cleaner energy sources, PEM fuel cells produce 90% less pollution than fossil fuels. The target monomers are hypothesized to have three major components, these components are an aryl diazonium zwitterion, an aryl perfluoro vinyl ether moiety and a perfluoroalkyl (aryl) sulfonamide pendant. In addition, the compound’s perfluoroalkyl backbone increases the thermal and chemical stability and can increase the proton conductivity of the polymer. The diazonium zwitterion should chemically bond the monomer or polymer
The purpose of the Unknown White Compound Lab was to identify the unknown compound by performing several experiments. Conducting a solubility test, flame test, pH paper test, ion test, pH probe test, conductivity probe test, and synthesizing the compound will accurately identified the unknown compound. In order to narrow down the possible compounds, the solubility test was used to determine that the compound was soluble in water. Next, the flame test was used to compare the unknown compound to other known compounds such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium carbonate. The flame test concluded that the cation in the unknown compound was potassium. Following, pH paper was used to determine the compound to be neutral and slightly
The goal of this two week lab was to examine the stereochemistry of the oxidation-reduction interconversion of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol and 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. The purpose of first week was to explore the oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone and see how the reduction of the ketone will affect the stereoselectivity. The purpose of first week is to oxidize the alcohol, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, to ketone just so that it can be reduced back into the alcohol to see how OH will react. The purpose of second week was to reduce 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol from first week and determine the effect of the product's diastereoselectivity by performing reduction procedures using sodium borohydride The chemicals for this lab are sodium hypochlorite, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone
Forensic Science Introduction: Someone in a restaurant has suddenly fallen ill and a mystery powder has been discovered with the victim. As the chief investigator, your duty is to identify the mystery substance through a lab. In this lab, it will consist of five known compounds and one unknown compound. Your job is to distinguish which one out of the five substances is the mystery powder. To figure out the mystery matter you will have to compare their physical and chemical properties and match them with the appropriate compound.
Triphenylmethyl Bromide. A 400 mL beaker was filled with hot water from the tap. Acetic acid (4 mL) and solid triphenylmethanol (0.199 g, 0.764 mmol) were added to a reaction tube, with 33% hydrobromic acid solution (0.6 mL) being added dropwise via syringe. The compound in the tube then took on a light yellow color. The tube was then placed in the beaker and heated for 5 minutes. After the allotted time, the tube was removed from the hot water bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. In the meantime, an ice bath was made utilizing the 600 mL plastic beaker, which the tube was then placed in for 10 minutes. The compound was then vacuum filtered with the crystals rinsed with water and a small amount of hexane. The crude product was then weighed and recrystallized with hexane to form fine white crystals, which was triphenylmethyl bromide (0.105 g, 0.325 mmol, 42.5%). A Beilstein test was conducted, and the crystals produced a green to greenish-blue flame.
I did accomplish the purpose of the lab. First, I determined the percentage of water in alum hydrate, and the percentage of water in an unknown hydrate. The results are reasonable because they are close to the example results. Second, I calculated the water of crystallization of an unknown hydrate. Furthermore, I developed the laboratory skills for analyzing a hydrate.
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluoroisobutene (PFIB), are of the Perfluorinated compounds (PFC) family that refer to a class of organofluorine compounds that have all hydrogens replaced with fl...
The isomerization procedure was done in order to create dimethyl fumarate from dimethyl maleate. Dimethyl maleate and dimethyl fumarate are cis and trans isomers, respectively. This procedure was done via a free radical mechanism using bromine. The analysis of carvones reaction was done in order to identify the smell and optical rotation of the carvone samples that were provided. The odor was determined by smelling the compound and the optical rotation was determined using a polarimeter.
Alcohol, which is the nucleophile, attacks the acid, H2SO4, which is the catalyst, forming oxonium. However, the oxonium leaves due to the positive charge on oxygen, which makes it unstable. A stable secondary carbocation is formed. The electrons from the conjugate base attack the proton, henceforth, forming an alkene. Through this attack, the regeneration of the catalyst is formed with the product, 4-methylcyclohexene, before it oxidizes with KMnO4. In simpler terms, protonation of oxygen and the elimination of H+ with formation of alkene occurs.
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
Chloromethane, more commonly referred to as methyl chloride, is an organic compound categorized as a haloalkane functional group. Functional groups are atoms that control how the molecule will react with other molecues. Haloalkane functional groups consist of a carbon atom with four single bonds and one of the bonds in occupied by an element in the Halogen family; in this case chlorine. The structural formula is CH3Cl. This formula effects some of the physical properties which include the boiling point to be -22.22°C and the melting point to be -97.7°C. Other physical properties consist of a faint sweet smell, colorless gas, and it is soluble in water.
Identifying Five Unknown Chemicals I was given 5 unknown samples, which are sodium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate and these samples are all white and solid. However, I don’t know which substance is which sample and I was only given some information about the physical and chemical properties of these substances. In order to identify the 5 unknown samples, knowing which sample is which substance, I have to carry out this experiment, finding out the chemical and physical properties of these samples. How can we identify five unknown chemical samples that seem to look the same?
Benzyl bromide, an unknown nucleophile and sodium hydroxide was synthesized to form a benzyl ether product. This product was purified and analyzed to find the unknown in the compound.
The fuel cell manufactured by Ballard Power Systems is fuel cell that requires hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity. The fuel cell itself consists of two flow field plates, and two thin sheets of catalysts with a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane or Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) in between (see Figure 1). The hydrogen is fed in through one plate and oxygen collected from the air in another – on either side of the membrane. Of the two electrodes on is the anode and the other is the cathode. The hydrogen reaches the ano...
As the name suggests, PAFCs use phosphoric acid as the electrolyte. Positively charged hydrogen ions migrate through the electrolyte from the anode to the cathode. Electrons generated at the anode travel through an external circuit, providing electric power along the way, and return to the cathode. There the electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen form water, which is expelled from the cell. A platinum catalyst at the electrodes speeds the reactions. Hydrogen for the fuel cell is extracted from a hydrocarbon fuel in an external reformer. If the hydrocarbon fuel is gasoline, sulfur must be removed or it will damage the electrode
Femicide is defined as the act of killing a female simply because she is female. Acts of femicide includes “honor killings,” “dowry deaths,” genital mutilation, rape in war and victimization o female refugees. The treatment of women prisoners and detained immigrant women are also related to the issue of femicide. Essentially, femicide is a form of gender-based violence (Stuart van Wormer & Bartollas, 2011). It is considered to be an extreme form of gender-based violence that may include torture, mutilation, cruelty and sexual violence. The violence often culminated to murder. This violence is linked to gender concepts like inequality, discrimination and disempowerment (Femicide, 2008). It is also viewed as “a form of terrorism that functions to define gender lines, enact and bolster male dominance, and to render women chronically and profoundly unsafe” (Suarez, 2009). Based on international federal and state law, women have the right to be free from violence. Overall, acts of femecide are viewed as a violation of the human rights of women (Femicide, 2008).