From the Inside Out Franz Kafka and Charlotte Perkins Gilman both had struggles in their lives that had, in one way or another, impacted their writing. Though seemingly a long time ago, the works of “The Metamorphosis” and “The Yellow Wallpaper” portrayed images of what we hold today. Sense of self is called into question amongst both of these stories, yet in very different ways, and for very different reasons, and as each story progresses, it reveals many insights to the world around us, whether judging what it will become, or what it already is. Though Gregor in “The Metamorphosis” beheld a more apparent physical transformation and the narrator of “The Yellow Wallpaper” underwent more of a mental transformation, and though each journey was …show more content…
Gregor “did not have the slightest doubt that the change in his voice was nothing more than the first sign of a serious cold,” as if he is in denial of being an insect (Kafka 3). The narrator also shows some sort of denial as she first concludes that she “should hate it myself if I had to live in this room long,” yet later on she slowly becomes entranced, almost, by the wallpaper she once thought was repellant and revolting (Gilman 2). She increasingly becomes drawn into a different world without fear of anything else and “her awareness of the changes in her and her efforts to foster them and see them through to an end demonstrate a bravery that is not often acknowledged in women,” a huge theme of this story (Sant 2). Both characters face some sort of alienation throughout their transformation and it is only when they accept who they are transformed into that they can find freedom and peace. Gregor finally reached this point just before taking his last breath. It was at the moment that he realized “he felt that he must go away even more strongly than his sister” that he gained his freedom and accepts his fate as an insect (Kafka 22). In the end he dies, which not only extinguishes him and sets him free, but also “it is parallel with the family’s liberation” (Kohzadi 1607). The narrator’s mental state worsens as the journal progresses, which only magnifies how correct she was about her misdiagnosis. Her use of short sentences and exclamation points mixed together paint the image of a maddening woman. It is in the moment that she helps to free the woman behind the wallpaper that she subsequently frees herself. Not only that, but by “believing that she has finally broken free of this internal prison- the Victorian mind-set her patriarchal society has instilled in her- she has essentially released herself from the external bars and rings that John [or all
The two stories “The Metamorphosis” and “The Yellow Wallpaper” experience many parallels in that they each focus on the effects of the transformations that the protagonists endure. In “The Metamorphosis,” Gregor’s transformation completely changes his physical appearance, but it leaves his mind unchanged, creating somewhat with a disagreement between his mind and body. He continues to think with a human mind, but because his body is no longer human, he is unable at first to have an agreement between these two parts of himself. His mind begins to change in accordance with his physical needs and desires, yet he’s never able to fully bring his mind and body into harmony. While Gregor’s physical transformation occurs instantly, the transformation that woman in “The Yellow Wallpaper” undergoes happens gradually. She begins her transformation by allowing herself to be completely drawn in to her fantasies and not being afraid of what is happening to her. She becomes infatuated with the idea of living a life free of
In the popular literary works of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Franz Kafka’s novella “The Metamorphosis,” we are given examples of the importance of a profound narrative point of view in creating an integral depth to the author’s story and enchanting its characters. Through key placement of well-rounded characters, both works of art succeed in creating a perfect narrative point of view which illuminates their stories in emotionally moving ways. The Great Gatsby’s Nick Carraway, plays the role of a secondary character in most of the novel. Enabled by his laidback, trustworthy nature, he manages to provide an extremely interesting first person point of view on all the events surrounding him throughout the story. He also functions as the author’s voice as he reflects on the human condition of man, the American dream, and the “modern” world’s moral values. In “The Metamorphosis,” we experience a third-person omniscient point of view which is mainly limited to Gregor Samsa’s thoughts, feelings, and assessment of his predicament. After Gregor dies, the point of view shifts to his remaining family members, but we don’t experience the same intimacy involving their innermost thoughts and feelings; instead we are given an impersonal third-person narration. Kafka intelligently uses this technique to further establish the Samsa’s sense of morals and final adjustments to the situation. We are left with an unmistakable impression of the opposing natures man can live at and accept. A strong, well-written narrative point of view is evident in both these literary works; it is the character’s undertaken, excellent role in their expression which ultimately shape and guide the author’s stories into a masterpiece.
The Metamorphosis is said to be one of Franz Kafka's best works of literature. It shows the difficulties of living in a modern society and the struggle for acceptance of others when in a time of need. In this novel Kafka directly reflects upon many of the negative aspects of his personal life, both mentally and physically. The relationship between Gregor and his father is in many ways similar to Franz and his father Herrman. The Metamorphosis also shows resemblance to some of Kafka's diary entries that depict him imagining his own extinction by dozens of elaborated methods. This paper will look into the text to show how this is a story about the author's personal life portrayed through his dream-like fantasies.
Similar to the woman in Gilman's story, Gregor, in "The Metamorphosis," watches as his life slowly deteriorates. He woke up one morning to find himself to have taken the shape of a bug. But early on he tried to continue in his normal activities; he focused on how he was going to make it to the train station so he did not miss his train, and how his employer would be upset with his absence from work. Then he begins to realize that he is a bug, and he cannot live his life the same way he used to. His sister begins to take care of him, and he loses touch with everything human that he used to know. His mother and father take away all of his furniture and other possessions. Gregor's family come to the agreement that the bug must be eliminated, it...
“Life can either be accepted or changed. If it is not accepted it must be changed. If it cannot be changed it must be accepted.”- Winston Churchill. Change is frightening, but without change you can never accomplish a greater goal. Gregor experienced a dramatic change in his life. He may or may not have experienced the physical change described, but he did experience a mental change. The mental change opened Gregor’s eyes to what really mattered in life. Once Gregor accepted his physical change he was able to begin his mental change. Gregor’s values in life had changed dramatically from beginning to end. Though Gregor was subjected to ridicule, he was given the greatest gift. The opportunity to change is the greatest gift anyone can
Her tense mind is then further pushed towards insanity by her husband, John. As one of the few characters in the story, John plays a pivotal role in the regression of the narrator’s mind. Again, the narrator uses the wallpaper to convey her emotions. Just as the shapes in the wallpaper become clearer to the narrator, in her mind, she is having the epiphany that John is in control of her.
In the novella “The Metamorphosis”, Franz Kafka focuses on the topic of alienation and considers its underlying effect on the human consciousness and self-identity. The alienation Kafka instigates is propagated towards the main character Gregor Samsa, who inevitably transforms into a giant cockroach. The alienation by family relations affects him to the extent that he prioritizes his extensive need to be the family’s provider before his own well-being. This overwhelming need to provide inevitably diminishes Gregor’s ability to be human-like. Kafka also enforces the idea of the ability to resurrect one’s self-identity following psychologically demanding events. In this essay, I utilize Gregor Samsa’s metamorphosis to address that alienation, in its various forms, is instrumental in the dehumanization process and can also oppositely induce a restoration of self-identity. The metamorphosis acts as a metaphor to express the inhumane change of state that occurs to a victim of alienation; it also formulates Gregor’s epiphany. He suffers through three forms of alienation: exploitation, violence, and neglect. The joint presence of these three external forces deprives him of a human distinctiveness, but in turn, influences a final realization that enforces the restoration of his self-identity, and therefore human identity.
The narrator makes comments and observations that demonstrate her will to overcome the oppression of the male dominant society. The conflict between her views and those of the society can be seen in the way she interacts physically, mentally, and emotionally with the three most prominent aspects of her life: her husband, John, the yellow wallpaper in her room, and her illness, "temporary nervous depression. " In the end, her illness becomes a method of coping with the injustices forced upon her as a woman. As the reader delves into the narrative, a progression can be seen from the normality the narrator displays early in the passage, to the insanity she demonstrates near the conclusion.
Gregor’s denial takes place when he prepares for work, ignoring his transformation, “First of all he wanted to get up quietly, […] get dressed, […] have breakfast, and only then think about what to do next” (Kafka 6). By characterizing Gregor as determined, Kafka shows his protagonist’s resolve to remain firm in ignoring his transformation for his family’s sake. Typically, such a metamorphosis would warrant panic, but Gregor is so selfless that he denies his own emotions to be useful for his family. Through the sequential syntax employed in this quoate, Kafka shows that Gregor does not want to stray from his usual routine. This attribute, along with his physical transformation, separates Gregor from humanity.
Gregor, before metamorphosis is portrayed as alienated from many things in his life including his family, job and his body in many ways as he barely realises his transformation. The extent of his alienation reaches how his consideration of his family in his thoughts seems to disappear. Gregor after his changed state is completely alienated from his environment and others as he is the only of his kind. His room symbolises the detachment based on the fact that “he can’t see the street out his window.” The metamorphosis therefore is a powerful condemnation of the alienation brought along with the modern social order.
Franz Kafka illustrates in his book the struggle that most humans have throughout their life: ‘Who am I?’ He demonstrates this through his radical and exaggerated formation of The Metamorphosis, a man becoming a bug; or a bug always thinking he was a man, then realizing that he is and always has been a bug. This bug, Gregor Samsa, goes through an immense psychological realization at the beginning of the book; he had been deceived by his own mind from the beginning of his life. Throughout Gregor’s Metamorphosis, Gregor experiences the loss of his self actualization, recognition, belonging, security, and physiological needs. His situation had taken away all the basic psychological needs of any human as illustrated by Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Kafka’s ‘The Metamorphosis’, being a novella that is elusive to the reader in many ways even hundred years after its publication in 1915, provides us with a plethora of themes to explore. In this essay I would like to discuss some of these themes, not in a compartmentalized manner but rather in relation to each other, explicating their intricate causal, effective and complementary connections: while the question of language and communication (or the lack of it) remains at the root of Gregor’s alienation from society and family, as will be explained as the essay unfolds, it also contributes to his dehumanization and the subsequent loss of identity and his invalidation. Though the abovementioned themes are the most common in many discussions
This title holds more weight than what meets the eye. It is more than his actual metamorphosis from human to bug. There are many transformations that take place in this novel, even more than the obvious physical change. With the physical change of Gregors body, he also goes through a psychological change with it. When he was a human, his family depended on him. He quickly ended up depending on his family as he could not do anything on his own. His morale also diminishes throughout the novel. We were introduced to him as a very hopeful man who wanted to pay off his family’s debts. In the end, he loses hope and gives up on himself for the wellbeing of his family. Along with Gregors change in the novel, the title represents the change of other characters as well. From beginning to end, Grete transforms from a girl to a young lady. She also becomes more independent on herself by taking on more responsibility and getting a job. The family also must make some changes because they do not have Gregor to support them financially. This finally forces them to all get jobs and give up some luxury things they had
We as readers will never know the true reason behind Kafka’s Metamorphosis, but it is a masterpiece. It relates surprisingly well to today’s society, even though it was written between 1912 and 1915. The topic of metamorphosis is really universal, we as humans are constantly changing, growing and evolving. Works Cited Aldiss, Brian W. “Franz Kafka: Overview.” St. James Guide to Science Fiction Writers.
In Franz Kafka’s short story, Metamorphosis, the idea of existentialism is brought out in a subtle, yet definite way. Existentialism is defined as a belief in which an individual is ultimately in charge of placing meaning into their life, and that life alone is meaningless. They do not believe in any sort of ultimate power and focus much of their attention on concepts such as dread, boredom, freedom and nothingness. This philosophical literary movement emerged in the twentieth-century, when Kafka was establishing his writing style in regards to alienation and distorted anxiety. A mirror to his own personal lifestyle, this story follows the short and sad life of a man unable to break out of the bonds society has placed on him. These bonds are not only evident in the work place, but at home too. Being constantly used and abused while in his human form, Gregor’s lifestyle becomes complicated once he becomes a giant insect and is deemed useless. Conflicts and confusion arise primarily between Gregor and his sister Grete, his parents, and his work. Each of these three relationships has different moral and ethical complications defining them. However, it is important for one to keep in mind that Gregor’s metamorphosis has placed him into a position of opposition, and that he has minimal control over the events to take place. Conflicts will also occur between family members as they struggle with the decision of what to do with Gregor. In the end they all come to the agreement that maintaining his uselessness is slowly draining them and they must get rid of him.