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Gender roles through history
Women in medieval time
Women in medieval time
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Comparison of women’s role in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Tale of Genji Though women in the medieval times are usually helpless and submissive, there are some women who exercise their power, providing a challenge into the stereotypical image of women. Morgan le Fay and Lady Bertilak from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight are examples of the women that challenged the stereotypical behavior of women in the medieval period. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is about how Sir Gawain, one of the knight from King Arthur’s Round Table, accepts a challenge from the mysterious Green Knight who challenges any knight to strike him with his axe and he will return the blow in a year. Gawain beheads the Green Knight easily, but the Green Knight …show more content…
At the end of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain learns that he is tricked by Lady Bertilak; therefore, he gives an anti-feminist speech regarding his thoughts on women. He mentions that “Adam fell because of a woman, and Solomon because of several, and as for Samson, Delilah was his downfall…if only we could love our ladies without believing in their lies” (Gawain). Gawain is implying that women cannot be trusted and trusting women can lead to men’s downfall. Just like Adam in Adam and Eve, Adam trusted Eve so he ate the apple from the tree of wisdom, as a result he was thrown out of the Garden of Eden with Eve. It is not entirely Eve’s fault that Adam got kicked out of the Garden because Adam decided to eat the apple himself and if he really does not want to eat it, on one can force him to. Furthermore, this proves that Lady Bertilak is more than an evil seductress. Instead, she is a skilled conversationalist as she convinced Gawain to kiss her by attacking his weakness, which is the chivalry code, and his good name. She practically forced him to kiss her but she still managed to sound polite. Towards the end of the book, it is shown that Morgan le Fay is the main moving cause of the entire plot. The story transmits “the registers of the feminine text…. Plans initiated by one woman are directed at another, performed by a third, and modulated by …show more content…
Gawain left Camelot on a quest to find the Green Knight. He saw a castle in the enchanted forest and he was warmly welcomed by the hosts, Lord Bertilak and Lady Bertilak, and they told him to stay for the holidays. The morning after the Christmas feast, “the lord led the hunt, while good Gawain lay slumbering in his sheets, dozing as the daylight dapped the walls, under a splendid cover, enclosed by curtains” (Gawain 752). In the medieval society, men are expected to go on hunts and journeys to prove their masculinity. Gawain chooses to sleep instead of volunteering to go hunting with Lord Bertilak. Hunting is regarded as a masculine activity in Gawain’s society because it is violent and it requires intense physical skills. Sleeping, on the other hand, lacks in action and therefore emphasizes on Gawain’s lack of masculinity. Paralleling Lord Bertilak’s hunting scene is Lady Bertilak’s seduction scene with Gawain. She finally succeeded in seducing Gawain by finding out his weakness, “if he bore it on his body, belted about, there is no hand under heaven that could hew him down, for he could not be killed by any craft on earth” (Gawain 766). Lady Bertilak is assuming the role of the hunter as she tries to seduce Gawain, because it is usually the other way around. By taking the girdle from Lady Bertilak, Gawain is admitting to his weakness. Instead of presenting the girdle
We first meet her as the ugly old lady that was along side Lady Bertilak in the castle, she is covered head to toe but is described as “repulsive to see and shockingly bleared (Winny 2011: 55).” In the end we find out she is really Morgan le Fay. Though she is not mentioned very much in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, but she plays a very significant role. Morgan le Fay is really King Arthur’s half sister and sent the Green Knight, who we also find out is the same person as the Lord Bertilak, to King Arthur’s in the very beginning of the poem. She does so to test King Arthur’s knights as well as to scare Queen Guenevere to death (Winny 2011: 137). “Through the power of Morgan le Fay” she controls Lady Bertilak as well as Lord Bertilak to do the work and test King Arthur’s knight, Sir Gawain (Winny 2011: 137). The whole time Morgan le Fay had power over most of the characters. She was the one that set up the idea that Sir Gawain would have to meet the Lord Bertilak/Green Knight at his chapel and set up the agreement that Sir Gawain and Lord Bertilak/Green Knight to exchange gifts daily. Though Lady Bertilak did go about testing Sir Gawain with her own power, it was Morgan le Fay who made it happen. This whole poem would not have happened if Morgan le Fay did not set up the whole thing. Morgan le Fay had power over everyone and everything throughout the entire
Gawain is a gentleman, who would never kiss and tell, so the two reaffirm their pact for the next day. The lord’s determination in “pursuing the wild swine till the sunlight slanted” is paralleled by his wife’s determination in seducing Gawain as “she was at him with all her art to turn his mind her way” (188). Lady Bercilak attempts to exploit Gawain’s reputation as she tries to seduce him. She greets him in the bedroom and coyly asks how “a man so well-meaning, and mannerly disposed.cannot act in company as courtesy bids” (189). Lady Bercilak is not subtle (she points out that the door is locked and the two are alone in the castle) as she offers herself to Gawain, saying, “I am yours to command, to kiss when you please” (189).
Women were always viewed as weak, dependent, and powerless in the Middle Ages. Not only is it a common view during that time period, but this also is often stereotyped labeled to women today as well. In the romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the hatred of women is portrayed throughout. However, while women are certainly looked down upon, they also are influential to the knights. This romance also portrays how a woman having different characteristics, could change the way she was viewed as well. Although women in the Middle Ages appeared to lack power, the women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight have a hidden influence over the men and actually drive the action of the medieval romance.
Changing Women's Roles in The Epic of Gilgamesh, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Canterbury Tales
The greatest part of these studies have involved the middle-English text Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Extensive work has been done on this alliterative four-part poem written by an anonymous contemporary of Chaucer: feminists have attacked his diatribe against women at the end, or analyzed the interaction between Gawain and the women of Bercilak’s court; those of the D. W. Robertson school seek the inevitable biblical allusions and allegory concealed within the medieval text; Formalists and philologists find endless enjoyment in discovering the exact meaning of certain ambiguous and archaic words within the story. Another approach that yields interesting, if somewhat dated, results, is a Psychological or Archetypal analysis of the poem. By casting the Green Knight in the role of the Jungian Shadow, Sir Gawain’s adventure to the Green Chapel becomes a journey of self-discovery and a quest - a not entirely successful one - for personal individuation.
Thus, he combines Gawain’s human sexual desire with his chivalric duty to a woman as challenges to his loyalty of the Christian chivalric code. Simultaneously, while facing the sensual temptation by Lady Bertilak, Bertilak assembles a pact with Gawain: “Here’s a wager: what I will win in the woods will be yours, / and what you gain while I’m gone you will give to me” (1106-1107, 209). The pact reveals Bertilak’s solution to the failure of Arthur’s court; by wagering a pact with Gawain that entitles him to all the produce Bertilak gains in the wilderness, he creates the truest form of a testament that will illustrate Gawain’s dedication to the Christian chivalric code. On the day of the hunt, Lady Bertilak seduces Gawain for the final time. However, she is met with refusal, and instead offers Gawain a gifted
“Culture does not make people. People make culture” said Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Nigerian writer and educator, in a presentation on feminism in a TedTalk. The culture in which Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was written was misogynistic and it shows in the writing of the poem. Medieval cultural misogyny manifests itself in multiple ways in SGGK. This paper will examine the negative relationships between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and gender by discussing: the representation of female characters, gendered violence, and Christianity in the Middle Ages.
In Gordon M. Shedd’s “Knight in Tarnished Armour: The Meaning of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”, he argues that Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is truly about the strength and weaknesses of human nature. One particularly interesting part of his argument asserts that Gawain’s humanity broke medieval romance tradition.
Men exemplify heroic qualities in both Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, however, women are depicted differently in the two stories. In Beowulf, women are not necessary to the epic, where as in Green Knight, women not only play a vital role in the plot, but they also directly control the situations that arise. Men are acknowledged for their heroic achievement in both stories, while the women's importance in each story differ. However, women are being equally degraded in both Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
When Gawain spurns the lady 's advances, she questions the validity of his reputation: "So good a night as Gawain is rightly reputed / In whom courtesy is so completely embodied / Could not easily have spent so much time with a lady / Without begging a kiss, to comply with politeness / By some hint or suggestion at the end of a remark. " Here we see the first example of Gawain 's values being thrown into opposition: he cannot hope to hold his honor, fellowship, and chastity without calling his chivalry and courtesy into question. Gawain faces a fork in the road in the first bedroom scene, yet it quickly becomes clear that neither road ends with perfection. The perfect, archetypal knight, one who seamlessly, simultaneously embodies all of the qualities so harmoniously unified on Gawain 's shield, cannot exist, as the five points of Gawain 's pentangle cannot fully be kept
The story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight revolves around the knights and their chivalry as well as their romance through courtly love. The era in which this story takes place is male-dominated, where the men are supposed to be brave and honorable. On the other hand, the knight is also to court a lady and to follow her commands. Sir Gawain comes to conflict when he finds himself needing to balance the two by being honorable to chivalry as well as respectful to courtly love.
Gawain’s acceptance of Lady Bertilak’s girdle causes him to progressively lose himself internally in order to save his physical life. Gawain appears to be the perfect image of a knight, who exhibits himself as worthy and noble when he accepts the Green Knight’s challenge. Known to be “honored all over the world,” his remarkable valor and devout behavior define his character. He loses his honorable reputation, though, when he disrespects the honor of King Bertilak. Disgracing his knightly code, Gawain fails to exchange all of his gifts with the king and lies, without hesitation, to the king when he claims that “what [he] owed [King Bertilak] [he has] paid [King Bertilak]” (1941). Gawain directly lies to him without hesitation, proving that his conscience does not seem to be effecting his actions. Lying is a common action, but generally, it causes us to feel remorseful and guilty over our wrongs. Gawain breaks the code of chivalry that requires a knight to be loyal and honest, but he is not regretful due to his apparent selfish nature (“Code of Chivalry, 2 and 15”). He makes a deal with the king to “[trade] profit for profit,” yet he dishonestly “[hides] [Lady Bertilak’s] love gift” rather than honoring the king’s wishes (1677, 1874). Gawain makes a promise that he fails to fulfill. The girdle drives him to destruction because it pulls him away from what he knows to be good and
Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is an example of medieval misogyny. Throughout Medieval literature, specifically Arthurian legends like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the female characters, Guinevere, the Lady, and Morgan leFay are not portrayed as individuals but social constructs of what a woman should be. Guinevere plays a passive woman, a mere token of Arthur. The Lady is also a tool, but has an added role of temptress and adulteress. Morgan leFay is the ultimate conniving, manipulating, woman. While the three women in this legend have a much more active role than in earlier texts, this role is not a positive one; they are not individuals but are symbols of how men of this time perceive women as passive tokens, adulteresses, and manipulators.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight fit in with the concept of a romance; it has all the elements that would make one consider the text as so. The tale holds adventure, magic, a quest and an unexpected reality check that even those who are considered “perfect” are also just humans. The author used this story as a way of revealing faults in some of the aspects of knighthood through the use of intertwining chivalric duty with natural human acts; thus showing to be perfectly chivalrous would be inhuman.
Cox, Catherine S. "Genesis and Gender in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." The Chaucer Review 35.4 (2001): 378-90. Print.