The Abbasid Caliphate, the Ottoman Empire and the Mongols were all very powerful groups in the history of the Middle East, all using different tactics and techniques to obtain their common goal of conquering and ruling territory. Violence is a common theme throughout history in general, as these three groups follow that tradition, they all use their own form of violence whether it be more physical or verbal and manipulative. Through their journeys of creating brand new communities they discover new things, create their own styles and make breakthroughs in ways they never though could make such a huge impact. The Abbasid Caliphate’s initial followers were Muslim groups of one belief or another; including the Shiites who strongly believed that …show more content…
The leader and creator of the Mongols, Genghis Khan was born in Asia where tribes were fighting when he was born; after his father was killed, he killed his own brother to be head of his household. Much like the Abbasid Caliphate, he was quickly effective, with great power and gained followers from different backgrounds including Muslims, Buddhists and Christians who assisted in killing all rival threats. After this point he was named “universal ruler” and he claimed a decent amount of land in a small amount of time (modern day Mongolia)(Gascoigne, …show more content…
The Ottoman Empire’s first attack on the Byzantine Empire left them enemies but also attracted the attention of nomads and unemployed people (Yapp, 1-2). With the help of his supporters, Osman took over most of the territory ruled by the Byzantine Empire; though unlike the Mongols and Abbasid Caliphate, the Ottoman Empire was not so quickly successful, at first the Ottoman Empire could not take the major parts of the Byzantine Empire due to lack of forces. Eventually The Ottoman Empire made military advancements and with the help of Christian troops, the nomads, the power of gunpowder/cannons and others who had joined their forces, they were finally able to take all of the Byzantine Empire.(class notes, Ottoman Empire) The Ottoman Empire used the same capital city of Constantinople that the Byzantines had used and just renamed it to Istanbul, not only did they established a military and system of administration like the Abbasid Caliphate had previously done in Baghdad but they established economic power by ridding their new area of monopolies (Yapp, 2). In the city of Constantinople the population doubled after it was overthrown and turned into Istanbul, the people of Istanbul were of different religions and cultures but lived together more peacefully than ever before. The Ottomans were even more accepting of cultures
As you can see, the Byzantine and Arab empires had many characteristics that came to define them. Whether it was through their religious beliefs, political structure, or economy, each was able to create a vast, long lasting empire which came to define the post-classical period.
To start, the mongols were able to used brutal and strategic military tactics that helped them conquer more than 4,800,000 miles of land. The Mongols leader “Genghis Khan” was a very smart and strategic leader. He organized his army into groups of ten, hundred, and one thousand. If such groups runs away or flees, the entire group was put to death. Genghis Khans army was able to succeed in conquering land due to horses. His army
Three Muslim empires rose during the spread of Islam. These empires are different, yet also similar. They are the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. They united other Muslims but also conquered other territories to form their own empires.
The Mongol and the Mali Empires differ in their rise with the use of certain methods towards conquering. Geographic locations play an enormous role in the rise of both these magnificent empires. In the Mali empire, Islam was prevalent unlike the Mongol Empire where everyone was allowed to practice their own religion. Another difference would be the methods by which they arose. Although warfare existed within the Mali empire, Mali arose by peaceful methods. However, the Mongol empire attacked states which were already established. If people ...
"Between 1453 and 1526 Muslims founded three major states in the Mediterranean, Iran, and South Asia: respectively the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empire" (Dale 1). Everyone knows the Mediterranean, Iran, and South Asia because of modernization and technology. These regions are seen in newspapers and television for their current status, but not a lot of people have ever considered how they were back in the 15th century. The majority of our generation knows Istanbul, but what about Constantinople? The 15th century was the Gunpowder Empires era in which three major empires ruled the Mediterranean, Iran, and South Asia: Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal. Even though the Mughals were not as successful as the Ottomans, they both share similarities in
The Ottoman Empire, founded by Osman, had started in the northwestern corner of the Anatolian Peninsula. The empire expanded rapidly, only to weaken again. The first visible decline was the loss of territory at the Battle of Carlowitz in 1699. Many of their reasons of success have deteriorated over the years and actually caused the decline as well. The Ottoman's military was very strong, especially the members of the Janissaries corps. Boys were recruited from the local Christian population to serve as guards but only the best ones became Janissaries. Soon, though, the position became hereditary, so there was no longer a need to be excellent to occupy a position. Also, the training of officials declined, and the elite formed a privileged group seeking wealth and power. Although the Ottoman system was religiously tolerant, non-Muslims were forced to pay a head tax because of their exemption from military service and were divided by religious faith into a number of "nations" that had its own leader and laws.
former capital of the Byzantine Empire and of the Ottoman Empire , since 1930 officially called Istanbul (for location and description, see Istanbul ). It was founded (AD 330) at ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine I, after whom it was named. The largest and most splendid European city of the Middle Ages, Constantinople shared the glories and vicissitudes of the Byzantine Empire, which in the end was reduced to the city and its environs. Although besieged innumerable times by various peoples, it was taken only three times—in 1204 by the army of the Fourth Crusade (see Crusades ), in 1261 by Michael VIII, and in 1453 by the Ottoman Sultan Muhammad II. Defended by Greek fire , it was also well fortified. An early inner wall was erected by Constantine I, and the enlarged Constantinople was surrounded by a triple wall of fortifications, begun (5th cent.) by Theodosius II. Built on seven hills, the city on the Bosporus presented the appearance of an impregnable fortress enclosing a sea of magnificent palaces and gilded domes and towers. In the 10th cent., it had a cosmopolitan population of about 1 million. The Church of Hagia Sophia , the sacred palace of the emperors (a city in itself); the huge hippodrome, center of the popular life; and the Golden Gate, the chief entrance into the city; were among the largest of the scores of churches, public edifices, and monuments that lined the broad arcaded avenues and squares. Constantinople had a great wealth of artistic and literary treasures before it was sacked in 1204 and 1453.
Genghis Khan is the first ruler and the one who started the whole thing the military and everything else was him also it is said that 8% of men are distantly related to him and this is because he was said to rape some of the women is the cities they took over. People would think he lead this big
As they obliged to extend their faith to nonbelievers, they would threaten tribal leaders and their families in order to establish power. In Document #1, Muhammed is defacing a Christian-Arab tribal leader and states that he should "Believe or pay tribute... obey the Lord and His Apostle, and he will defend you... But if you displease them... I will fight against you and take captive of your little ones and slay the elder...". The awareness of intimidation in this statement that Muhammed made to the leader indicated that he condemned allegiance to other religions. By forcing leaders with sabotage and murder, the Islamic empire won over many tribes and areas of land that otherwise could not have been won. Indicated in Document #2, the Quran, the sacred text of Islam, is even shared into the violence by stating information such as "Ye shall do battle with them, or they shall profess Islam... whosoever shall obey God and His Apostle, He shall bring him into the gardens of [Paradise]; but whosoever shall turn back, He will punish him...". These directions either force upon a religion to an unwilling man, or force upon him battle and violence. The Islamic civilization goes through impeccable lengths in order to idolize Muhammed and God. In the Document titled "Pre-Islamic Arabia", it is stated that even before 600 C.E, many civilizations were active
Both the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim Empire specifically were two very prominent societies that gained popularity from the fourth to the sixth century. Though the Byzantine and Muslim empires rose at the same time they were extremely different in ways of having separate rulers, beliefs, and people, however they were both greatly influenced by the Roman Empire. They both resembled in ways of their religion, art, and law. They Byzantine Empire was centered around the city of Constantinople and managed to remain in power for more than 1000 years. At the height of their power they were the most powerful both economically and militarily in...
Genghis Khan was a legendary figure who changed the course of history in Mongolia during the 12th and 13th centuries. A great warrior and tribal leader, Genghis Khan ruled over the majority of the existing world population. The amount of land he conquered during his reign was unprecedented. His was the largest empire in history. Genghis Khan’s most significant accomplishment was uniting the diverse Mongolian people. Genghis Khan is also famous for many innovations such as establishing a writing system, postal service, legal code, census, and important social reforms.
During the 1100s, a group of people managed to dominate in large areas and created the vastest empire known to man. These people called themselves the Mongols, and their reign started with Temujn, also known as Chiggis Khan. He and his successors succeeded in expanding the Mongol empire from East Asia all the way west to modern day Germany and Poland. With the help of Chiggis’ grandson, Kubilai Khan, the empire was divided into four distinct parts: the Khanate of the Golden Horde, also known as Russia; the Ilkhanate of Persia; Khanate of Chagatai and Khanate of the Great Khan, which spread across central Asia. Because of the fact that the empire stretched into various lands, the Mongols culturally influenced of the respected areas. Social impacts
grew and lasted for about 108 years until they failed by trying to conquer India and were weak the Ming Dynasty overthrew the rulers. The Mongols were not afraid to kill. If one person refuses to do something for them their whole clan will pay, they would leave no survivors. That's what helped make them so successful, many had heard about their gruesome approach and surrendered and accepted submissions. The Mongolians of the Asian Steppe had a positive impact on the world during their rule of the Asian continent from 1206 to 1368 by influencing trade, warfare and uniting China.
In the West, Genghis Khan and the Mongol tribe are often presented as brutal savages who wiped out entire cultures, destroyed cities and killed many people. While these accounts are true, there was certainly more to the Mongol empire than sheer brutality. Many of the practices that Genghis Khan put into place were responsible for the successes of the Mongol Nation. With an ability to adapt and innovate, Genghis Khan became known as the world’s greatest conqueror and is still revered in many countries today. Temujin, who later took the name Genghis Khan, came from humble beginnings which helped to form the foundations of the type of leader he became later in life.
Much of past civilizations have endured many failures and triumphs throughout their existence. In the third century, there were many civilizations that started to flourish. One of these civilizations that started to expand was the Byzantine civilization. The Byzantine civilization, also regarded as Byzantium, was part of the Roman Empire which was divided in 395 AD. Byzantium had shared the same attitude, as the Roman Empire, toward exercising its authority over its citizens and throughout its empire. The Islamic civilization had started thrive in the fifth century. The Islamic civilization was unified together as unison by Islam and it has expanded its civilization throughout parts of Europe through jihad. Because of their expansions throughout parts of Europe, they shared various similarities which include their political system, social structure, and economy.