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What was the deviant behavior
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People of society would in fact commit deviant acts, they decide not to. They fear losing the relationships they have with friends, parents, neighbors, teachers, and employers. Without these relationships and social ties a person is free to commit criminal acts. There are 4 elements to Hirschi’s theory, attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. Attachment refers to the ties an individuals has with others, mainly their parents and peers. Attachment to parents is the most important because without it is unlikely that feelings of respect for other authority figures will develop. There are 3 components to attachment with parents, the strength and quality of the relationship, supervision, and physiological presence. The second element is …show more content…
Those who have strong ties with the community are less likely to commit crimes. Like-minded people make us more connected within the world in a sense therefore not wanting to commit crimes against it. Hypothesis Hypothesis 1: Students who have both parents in the home are less likely to participate in deviant activities than ones who have single or no parents at all. Hypothesis 2:Students that participate in 1 or more activities for future advancements are less likely to partake in deviant acts than ones who go home immediately after school. Hypothesis 3:Students that have religious beliefs are more likely to steer away from deviant behavior compared to those with out beliefs. Participants The intended target population being studied is youths in America. There are three different sample groups taken from a school in an upper, middle, and lower class neighborhoods to target the different communities in this country. By including participants from the same neighborhood in each sample, this accounts for the social disorganization theory variability due to a difference in integration between different neighborhoods. The age of the participants range from 16 to 18, this is the time where students are more independent and start planning for their
With that being said, there’s a lot of disorganization in the society which increases the level of deviance occurring. The acts of deviant people challenge the boundaries of society and can eventually spread unto the masses, changing those boundaries. Deviance helps us affirm and define our own norms.
In 1969, Donald H. Meichenbaum, Kenneth S. Bowers, and Robert R. Ross replicated a study of the remarkable Expectancy Effect study from Robert Rosenthal. Rosenthal had conducted numerous studies with a hypothesis of confirming that one person’s expectations affect another’s behavior, which is also referred as the self-fulfilling prophecy. This hypothesis was also used by Meichenbaum, Bowers, and Ross in their experiment. Under the Behavioral Analysis of Teacher Expectancy Effect study, 14 adolescent female offenders were examined over a period of a month. Six were chosen to be identified as “late bloomers” to their four teachers. During the study, the late bloomers improved significantly higher on objective exams, but not in subjective. However, their behavior in class improved as well. The observations of the teacher-pupil interactions during the 2 week expectancy period revealed that the instructions affected significantly and increased on the positive interactions among the late bloomers. The study conducted by Meichenbaum, Bowers, and Ross has several differences than Rosenthal’s study. Firstly, they created a different study with only 14 female adolescent offenders that were institutionalized in a training school. Secondly, the training school had limited time of two weeks under expectancy effect. Therefore they were graded based on objective test, subjective tests, and measures in their behavior instead of IQ change. Thirdly, the teachers had known the students prior to the study and had created their own expectancies of the girls’ intellectual capabilities. The study may have several differences, but the general aspects of examining the behavior of teacher expectancy and the effect of the academic performance on the adolesc...
Osgood, Wayne et al., Routine Activities and Deviant Behavior, American Sociological Review, Vol. 61 no. 4, August 1996, pg 635-655.
The first topic that came up in the interview relates to idea of attachment theory. Attachment theory explains the human’s way of relating to a caregiver and receives an attachment figures relating to the parent, and children. In addition, the concept explains the confidence and ability for a child to free explore their environment with a place to seek support, protection, and comfort in times of distress (Levy, Ellison, Scott, and Bernecker, 2010, p. 193). Within attachment theory explains different types of attachment styles that children experience during early childhood. These attachment styles affect the relationships they continue to build in adulthood. The best attachment style happens when the parent is attuned to the child during his or her early childhood called secure attachment (Reyes, 2010, p. 174). In order for complete secure attachment, the child needs to feel safe, seen, and soothed. Any relationship that deviates from this model represents the anxious or insecure attachment. This means that parents or caregivers are inconsistently responsive to the children. Children who have these parents are usually confused and insecure. Some children experience a dismissive attachment where they
Admittedly, many psychologists define attachment as an enduring affectionate bond that one person forms between himself and another person throughout life. Since Mary Ainsworth provided the most famous research: strange situation, offering explanations how each individual differences in attachment. However, in this Adult Attachment Style questionnaire that I took, I found many factors relevant to attachment as it was defined in the textbook. For example, in the textbook, it defines attachment based on Ainsworth research, the strange situation by observing attachment forms between mother and infants. Which they are described in four attachment styles: securely attached, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant, and insecure disorganized. The questions on the questionnaire were based on those areas to determine my style of attachment.
Two-parent families consist of a mother and father living in a home with dependent children. The family may consist of a biological mother and father or a step-parent. In two-parent families found little or no negative effects. Researchers suggest that children from two parent families are less likely to have social issues. Children raised in two-parent homes are more likely to complete high school and attend college. Cho, Lee, and Kuchner (2007) found that students raised in two parent homes demonstrate better behavior, have less absences and tardies and have much higher grade point averages. Researchers suggest that children from two parent homes have better grades and achieve academically as well as socially because the parents have more time to devote to the upbringing of the children oppose to single parents.
Deviant behavior is sociologically defined as, when someone departs from the “norms”. Most of the time when someone says deviance they think against the law or acting out in a negative behavior. To sociologists it can be both positive and negative. While most crimes are deviant, they are not always. Norms can be classified into two categories, mores and folkways. Mores are informal rules that are not written; when mores are broken, they can have serious punishments and sanctions. Folkways are informal rules that are just expected to be followed, but have no real repercussions.
Attachment is an emotional bond that is from one person to another. The attachment theory is a psychological, an evolutionary and an ethological theory that is concerned with relationships between humans, specifically between mother and infant. A young infant has to develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers for them to develop socially and emotionally. Social competence is the condition that possesses the social, emotional and intellectual skills and behaviours, the infant needs these to success as a member of society. Many studies have been focused on the Western society, but there are many arguments to whether or not this can be applicable to other cultures, such as the poorer countries.
Sutherland’s Differential Association theory looks to explain crime from a socio-psychological perspective (Ball et. al 2015). It contends that criminal behaviour is learned through communication in intimate peer groups (Ball et.
“Deviant behavior is behavior that violates the normative rules, understandings, or expectations of social systems” (“Deviant Behavior,” 1968). Sociologists that study crime and deviant behavior look at a variety of different things to try to determine the causes of these acts. First, they look at cultural norms and in what ways these cultural norms change. Second, they look at how these cultural norms are being enforced. They also look at what would happen to individuals when they break these cultural norms (Crossman, 2015b). Through these observations, sociologists have come up with numerous theories as to what causes deviant behavior.
One of the reasons young people join street gangs is because of neighborhood disadvantages. A theory that can contribute to why young people might join street gangs is Social Disorganization Theory. Social Disorganization theory assumes that “delinquency emerges in neighborhoods where neighborhood relation and social institutions have broken down and can no longer maintain effective social controls (Bell, 2007).” Social Disorganization contributes to residential instability and poverty, which affects interpersonal relationships within the community and opens opportunities for crimes to be committed. The break down of neighborhood relation and social institutions create a higher likely hood that young people will affiliate with deviant peers and get involved in gangs. When there is lack of social controls within a neighborhood the opportunity to commit deviance increases and the exposure to deviant groups such as street gangs increase. Which causes an increase in the chances of young people joining street gangs. If social controls are strong remain strong within a neighborhood and/or community the chances of young people committing crime and joining gangs decreases.
Deviance and delinquency may be attributed to the community’s structure and social organization. In this paper the possible theories of deviance and social control that may explain why the young man went into crime will be analyzed.
Hirschi argues that a person with strong and stable attachments to one’s family, friends or community institutions are less likely to violate societal norms. His next element, commitment; refers to the investment an individual has to social activities and institutions. Hirschi argues that there was an association between the level of commitment and propensity for deviance. Involvement is the third element and it refers to large amounts of structured time spent in socially approved activities reduce the time available for deviance. Finally, the last element of social bonding theory relates to the individual’s level of belief in shared social values and norms (Hirschi
To be able to understand social deviance we first have to talk about social norms. Henslin (2009) defined social norms as expectations, or rules of behavior, that reflect and enforce values. This is saying that in a society there are rules for the type of behavior that society considers to be acceptable. Going against these rules makes one a deviant. Every society has norms whether they 're based on laws based on a society 's customs or their laws. For example in the united states a male professor’s attire would be something along the lines of a suite and dress pants. This is what society expects of him. However if he comes to work wearing a skirt he would be going against society 's norms and thus he becomes a deviant.
Children who grow up in intact, two-parent family with both biological parents present do better on a wide range of outcomes with the support of both parents than children who grow up in a single parent family. Some singe parents who are widows or divorced would not have income to cater for their children hereby making their children indulge into