Comparing Hardwood and Softwood as a Building Material in Manufacturing Outdoor Furniture
This research report will take an in depth look at the use of hardwoods, and softwoods in the manufacture of outdoor furniture. This brief target audience is technology studies students, teachers, and will specifically investigate safety aspects, structure types and availability, adhesive properties, environment issues, and durability. The hardwoods considered in this report include Jarrah, Spotted Gum, and Tasmanian Oak. The softwoods considered are Radiata, Calantis and Hoop Pine.
HARDWOOD
Hardwood is timber that has a particular type of interlocking cellular structure. The trees have broad leaves and are made up of thousands of different species. Generally Australian hardwoods used for the manufacture of outdoor furniture consist of various eucalyptus species but mainly include timbers such as Jarah (South Western Australia), Spotted Gum, and to a lesser degree Tasmanian Oak. All of these timbers are relatively harmless although the dust if swallowed, may cause abnormal conditions. The usual first aid is to drink water, and if there is abnormal discomfort, seek medical attention. Eye contact with dust may be irritant, and cause redness and watering. To be safe wear glasses to protect eys. If eye contact occurs, it is recommended to flush thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes and if irritation persists seek medical attention. Inhaling the dust of Tasmanian Oak can cause some reparatory problem. Inhalation of dust of hardwood may be irritating to nose, throat and lungs. If this occurs leave the dusty area, or apply a mask. Hardwood dust can also be a fire/explosion hazard, so avoid sparks, the build up of stati...
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...readily with very high strength More friendly than hardwood as it is grown in plantations Not weather resistant. Soft, Prone to fungal attack and decay.
It is clear from the comparative table that hardwood is far more superior for outdoor furniture manufacture. Although it is less environmentally friendly to use hardwood it does offer the durability and much superior strength required in this type of application. As far as safety is concerned, dust is the most significant hazard and in both timber this is easily overcome with some sensible protective equipment such as a dust mask or respirator.
Bibliography:
1. http://www.hartingdale.com.au/~adh/index.html
2. http://www.ifa.unimelb.edu.au/issues/wa/pinehw.htm
3. http://www.nafi.com.au/links.html
4. http://www.brs.gov.au/nfi/forestinfo/callitris.html
5. And personal knowledge.
The Non-Traditional structure that I chose to design is a log home. When doing research on styles of construction I was a little overwhelmed with the options that are available for construction methods. The first thing I needed to find out is what type of footing and foundation is needed to support the immense weight of the logs. An 8"x16" footing and 8" foundation is sufficient enough to support the weight of a log home. There are three different options available for supporting the floor joist in a log home. The first is setting the joist directly on top of the mud sill plate. Rim joist or ribbon joist is required at the ends of the joist to cover the ends of the joist. The second option is making a 4" deep notch every 16" or 19.2" (depending on joist span and loading) in the 8" foundation to place the joist into. The depth of the notch depends on joist depth but the notch should be deep enough for the top of the joist to match the top of the mudsill. This style doesn't require rim board because the ends of the joist are already covered up. The third option is to hang the joist from the mudsill using top flange joist hangers. This option also doesn't require rim board because the ends of the joists are already covered up. Typical ¾" tongue and groove sub flooring is fastened on top of the joist.
Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata) and Pulp and Lumber Production. Introduction Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) is commercially one of the four most important conifers in the southeastern United States. In fact, shortleaf pine has the widest range of all southern pines, spreading from Florida to New Jersey and from North Carolina to Oklahoma. Sidney Investments, a firm based in Dallas, Texas, is considering the purchase of a 360-acre parcel of forested land located in the Quachita Mountains of eastern Oklahoma. This land has been under timber production through one rotation to this point.
The Softwood Lumber Dispute “In August 1987, after fifteen months of negotiations Canada and the U.S concluded another round of talks, and finally agreed on a free trade agreement. It was then Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and President Ronald Reagan who had launched the trade initiative at their convivial 1985 and their main focus was lowering trade and tariff barriers. This was cast as a path to increased prosperity for both nations. This is also known as the Ottawa summit. However the negotiating was not easy. Substantive differences did not prove amenable to quick resolution. The Canadian Prime Minister was however in for a disappointment as he had placed a considerable amount of stakes on this deal and hated to see it finished off. The Canadian negotiators were in for a difficult deal that was how to move the bargain forward without losing their side off the deal. By September, the Canadian government was preparing a strategy for resolving the talks-one way or another. Failing that, the Canadian cabinet would have to determine how and when to acknowledge the breakdown in the negotiations. This case is designed to encourage discussion of both the Canadian and US negotiating postures and of how each nation's assessment of the other helped to define its negotiating stance. Another case, US-Canada Free Trade Negotiations I (C16-87-785.0), involves US preparations for the negotiations, with specific focus on obtaining congressional approval for the talks” (http://www.ksgcase.harvard.edu/case.htm?PID=862) “Canadian officials had given quite a palpable response to the imposition of duty, which was around 19.3 percent, countervailing tax on imports of Canadian softwood lumber with much tub-thumping and hand wringing. Many traders a...
Woodworking supports a child’s creativity by allowing them to experiment and explore with materials that they have more than likely had little to no exposure to. When given the proper tools a child can build whatever they like with the wood as well. Using wood and similar materials gives children the right to be creative by thinking for themselves and deciding what they wish to create. Even if what they have made looks nothing like what they say it is to them that’s what it is, so that is what it is. When given the opportunity to explore any medium it allows for great creative growth.
It will discuss the different types of dwellings throughout recorded human history from the perspective of how art and culture influences building design. This will fulfill my own curiosity to understand the different influences on homebuilding and design over the years and how people have dealt with these changes.
The choice of wood also affects the violin's acoustical properties. Traditionally, violin makers used spruce and maple fr...
The range of products should cover the total home area, indoors as well as outdoors, with fixed furniture or loose furniture. The profile a company will want to bring to the table will give competitors and buyers a direct image of the company. There should be a wide selection of products along with the quantity of stock to sell to all customers. Quality and price are also an important factor but should be left up to the consumer to decide what they are looking to do in the long run.
Conclusion 12 XIII. Bibliography 13 I. Introduction The Custom Woodworking Company (CWC) was founded in 1954 by Ron “Woody” Carpenter. Woody, after an apprenticeship as a cabinet maker, started his own small woodworking business, specializing in furniture manufacturing. Due to the high quality of the craftsmanship, CWC gained a reputation for their high quality and attractively designed furniture.
Concrete also has its advantages. Concrete does not corrode, therefore concrete structures require less maintenance. Besides that, concrete has resistance to fire, therefore it is safer compare to the timber structure. Concrete has also resistance to cyclic loading.
There are many different types of wood that are used to make the body of a guitar, a few different types include basswood, maple, and walnut wood.
Matus M. (9, April 2012). Super-Durable Material Made from Wood Waste is Stronger, Cheaper, and Lighter Than Kevlar. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from Inhabitat: http://inhabitat.com/super-durable-material-made-from-wood-waste-is-stronger-cheaper-and-lighter-than-kevlar/
The preparation of making wood into a pulp for papermaking is accomplished in two different ways. In the groundwood process, blocks of wood are held against a fast revolving grindstone that shreds off short wood fibbers from the block. The fibbers produced by this process are short and are used only in the production of cheap newsprint and used to be added with other types of wood fibber in the making of high-quality paper. Another technique uses a chemical-solvent processes where wood chips are treated with solvents that remove “resinous material and lignin” from the wood, leaving pure fibbers of cellulose.
According to this situation, we found out the various essential elements of “Your Choice Furniture”.
In the past, our ancestor uses bush materials and trees to build houses. They weave the walls with bamboos and built their roofs with woven leaves or hay. The shape and size of the house depends on the size of the family. If a family has many children, the house built must be big enough to fit everyone. However, globalization has introduced materials such as roofing irons and processed timbers for walls and floors. These materials attracted the people in my village. Some of the people build their houses with these materials because they want to be seen as the highly ranked person in the village so they will be respected in the community. One of the effects of introduced architectural designs is that people lose interest in the traditional material because it might get damaged by pests, unlike the modern materials, the timbers are made in a way that pest or insects cannot attack and damage them. People nowadays find modern methods of construction for building homes more quickly and
One of the major reasons why wooden toys are so popular among kids and parents alike is because they are so quiet and safe to play with. If you ask any parent, they will all agree that raising a child is no easy business and requires lots of energy. So it really helps when they can relax without the annoying noise of the toy, their child is playing with.