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The effects of schizophrenia on family
Case study of a family living with schizophrenia
Case study of a family living with schizophrenia
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Recommended: The effects of schizophrenia on family
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Family Interventions for Psychosis
Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia are not new in the research
literature. Psychological treatments have been previously used in the
treatment of schizophrenia. For example in terms of behaviour therapy,
operant approaches such as token economy programmes were used in the
1960s and 1970s to improve the behaviour of patients in long stay
hospitals. However, the evidence suggests that the clinical gains were
limited and did not generalise beyond the therapeutic setting and also
did not address delusional convictions (Alford 1986; Himadi et al
1991). Other psychological treatments for schizophrenia can be traced
to early work devoted to studying the impact of the social environment
on mental illness. A plethora of early studies focused on the role of
the family environment in the maintenance of schizophrenia which in
turn led to the concept of expressed emotion (Brown et al 1972; Brown
& Rutter 1996). Family interventions were first developed as a method
for reducing levels of expressed emotion among relatives and are now
recognised as a significant aspect in the treatment of schizophrenia.
This approach marked a paradigmatic shift in the way family members
were viewed by clinicians and has led to efforts to improve
communication between clinicians and carers. Recent years have seen
such cognitive approaches expanded to interest in interventions that
combine the principles of cognitive and behavioural approaches.
However, despite all the research available providing evidence of
their effectiveness, these approaches are not widely available in
routine clinical...
... middle of paper ...
...nd assertive case management: the social and
independent living skills program of the Brentwood Veterans Affairs
Medical Center. New Directions for Mental Health Services 53:33-41
Annotated further reading
Fadden G 1998 Family intervention. In: Brooker C, Repper J (eds)
Serious mental health problems in the community: policy, practice and
research. Baillière Tindall, London
This chapter provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the
research literature on family intervention.
Nelson H 1997 Cognitive behavioural therapy with schizophrenia.
Stanley Thornes Publishers, Cheltenham
This is an excellent book for anyone who wants to develop an
understanding of CBT in the management of psychosis.
*Haddock G, Slade P G 1996 Cognitive-behavioural interventions for
psychotic disorders. Routledge, London
5). While Schizophrenia has been most commonly treated with the use of anti-psychotic medications for decades, cognitive therapy provides an alternative and cognitive psychologist would undoubtedly disagree with Elizabeth’s mother’s decision to medicate her. The way a cognitive psychologist would treat Elizabeth is by the use of therapy and encouraging her to talk about her behaviors and problems as they do not believe that Schizophrenia “is a biological illness that one either has or does not have” (Freeman, 2014, para. 7) and instead the symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions simply represent the patient’s thoughts and feelings (Freeman, 2014). For example, “an individual troubled by hearing voices will be helped to understand what’s triggering these voices, and to develop a more confident, empowering relationship with them” (Freeman, 2014, para.
Charles is a 21 year-old Caucasian single male currently residing with his mother and stepfather whom also is Charles’s uncle. Charles graduated high school and due to his illness he receives social security benefits. During a two year period Charles had nine visits to the emergency room resulting in admission to the psychiatric unit. On two admissions Charles left against medical advice, five admissions required a higher level of care resulting in admission to the state psychiatric hospital and two Charles was transferred to the adult crisis unit. Charles also has a misdemeanor history mainly public nuisance due to substance abuse mainly marijuana and cocaine. Charles was evicted after a psychotic episode and destroying his apartment.
CBT has been known to cure a variety of disorders both in clinical environments and non-clinical environments. This type of therapy technique has been tested for efficacy and has proven to be highly effective. Furthermore, the future for CBT looks very positive as well. Researchers and theorist are now working on making this type of therapy available for suicide prevention, schizophrenia, and other psychopathologies.
Hollon, S. D. & Beck, A. T. (2004). Cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapies. Bergin And Garfield’S Handbook Of Psychotherapy And Behavior Change, 5 pp. 447--492.
Valmaggia LR, van der Gaag M, Tarrier N, Pijnenborg M, Slooff CJ. (2005) Cognitive–behavioural therapy for refractory psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia resistant to atypical antipsychotic medication The British Journal of Psychiatry (2005) 186: 324-330
"During brief medication visits, physicians typically focus on considerations related to delusions, hallucinations, disorganized and aggressive behavior, and hostility; these common symptoms may increase during relapse, resulting in hospitalization, emergency department visits, and crisis center services, or in incarceration in the criminal justice system"(Alphs). If the patient don 't have anyone to talk to and is only using medication to help with what they are hearing and seeing it, it can cause a lot of tension and stress for them. According to Bengston, Some people require custodial care in state institutions, while others are gainfully employed and can maintain an active family life,( Bengston). Depending on how severe and how often they have schizophrenia episodes, the patient can have healthy love life and accomplish their goals. "The reasons why people react different than others are not entirely clear, but may partly reflect that some people suffering from schizophrenia often do not exhibit symptoms until later in life and have achieved a higher level of functioning before the onset of their illness" (Bengston). Schizophrenia can happen at any age, so when a person at the age of
Classical antipsychotic treatments are commonly used to treat schizophrenic patients with major positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as Thorazine, Haldol, and Stelazine (Gleitman et al., 2011). Antipsychotic treatments are usually administered with a variety of psychosocial treatments including social skills training, vocational rehabilitation, supported employment, family therapy, or individual therapy (Barlow & Durand, 2014). This is to reduce relapse and help the patient improve their skills in deficits and comply in consuming the
Peer-to-peer treatment is also a promising possible intervention. It promotes active constructive involvement from people who have schizophrenia, provides role models for individuals whose functioning is less stable, and may be accessible in individual and group settings, in person as well as by telephone or through the Internet. However, further research is necessary to demonstrate its effectiveness in decreasing symptoms or otherwise clearly improving functioning for people with schizophrenia. There are many foundations dedicated to not only finding a possible cure, but finding new treatments and just improving the lives of schizophrenics in general.
Jiji, T. S. (2007). Family care giving to psychiatric patients: its impact on care givers.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Arasse, Daniel. Complete Guide to Mental Health. Allen Lane Press,New York, 1989. Gingerich, Susan. Coping With Schizophrenia. New Harbinger Publications, Inc. Oakland, 1994. Kass, Stephen. Schizophrenia: The Facts. Oxford University Press. New York, 1997. Muesen, Kim. “Schizophrenia”. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation, 1998. Young, Patrick. The Encyclopedia od Health, Psychological Disorders and Their Treatment. Herrington Publications. New York, 1991.
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a counselling model based greatly on talking therapy. It focuses on peoples underlying thoughts and past experiences, and how they influence current habits and behaviours. CBT tries to correct these and learn alternative ways of processing information to alter the undesired behaviour and/or habits. This is done through a combination of cognitive therapy (looking at the ways and things you think) and behavioural therapy (looking at the things you do).
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of treatment that focuses on examining the relationships between thoughts, feelings and behaviors (NAMI, 2012). It is designed to modify the individual’s normative dysfunctional thoughts. The basic cognitive technique consists of delineating the individual's specific misconceptions, distortions, and maladaptive assumptions, and of testing their validity and reasonableness (Beck, 1970). By exploring thought patterns that lead to maladaptive behaviors and actions and the beliefs that direct these thoughts, people with mental illness can alter their thought process to improve coping. CBT is different from oth...
Turkington, D & Dudley, R 2006, ‘Cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: A review,’ Focus, vol. 4, pp. 223-233.
intervention. Families in Society. Vol. 88, pg. 42. Proquest Direct database. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
Schizophrenia is affecting people more now than a few decades ago. This illness is across the US and is present in every culture. People are now aware and understand how the illness can be devastating to one’s life. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder of the brain but it is highly treatable. In the US the total amount of people affected with the illness is about 2.2 % of the adult population. The average number of people affected per 1000 total population is 7.2 % per 1000, which means a city that is consists of 3 million people will have approxiamately 21,000 people suffering from schizophrenia. People with mental illness should seek early treatment to be stabilized with medications. During a 10 year period 25% of schizophrenics completely recovered, and another 25% much improved and become independent, while 15% were hospitalized and unimproved, and 10% die due to suicide. Since most schizophrenics recover from the illness and lives independently, some are not so fortunate. Where are some of the people with schizophrenia? Its about 6% are homeless and lives in shelters, another 6% lives in jails or prisons and 5 to 6% lives in hospitals, while 25% lives with family members, 28% are living independently and 20% lives in supervised housing or group homes. The aim of this research paper is t o discover and explore how schizophrenics lives on a daily bases with mental illness and how the effects can be devastating to themselves and family members. According to researchers, schizophrenia can be cured through extensive treatment, family support, medications and constant psychiatric evaluations. My findings also have proven the researchers to be accurate on their analysis. The results are overwhelming for schizophrenia patients ...