A working diagnosis of coeliac disease has been made for patient MJ, in this report I will explain and analyse the patient’s immune responses and attempt to suggest several treatments. Coeliac disease is usually triggered by the ingestion of gluten which contains the peptide gliadin found in wheat, alternatively other peptides in the prolamin family are able to elicit an immune response in CD sufferers (C. Gianfrani, 2005). The gliadin antigen works by enlarging tight junctions, allowing larger proteins to permeate through the membrane (Lammers, K.M., 2008), thus inducing an immune response and leading to small intestine enteropathy (C. Gianfrani, 2005). CD is a relatively common disease, it’s estimated that 1% of the population in the US and in Europe suffer from the condition (Catassi, C., et al., 2001). It is a multifactorial disease hence depending upon several aspects such as environmental and genetic input (Sollid, L.M., 2000). The HLA regions of the gene are responsible for coeliac disease, patients with HLA-DQ2 or the DQ8 variants are most at risk of having the disease, with most sufferers having the DQ2 serotype (Sollid, L.M., 2000). Rye, barley, as well as wheat create similar responses in coeliac patients (Meresse, B., et al., 2012). The usual advice for CD suffers is to maintain a gluten free diet for the rest of their lives (Van de Kamer et al., 1953). The gliadin antigen causes an adaptive immune response, and more recently it’s been found to cause a response in the innate system also. The gliadin epitope is recognised by CD4+ cells of the adaptive immune system and are signalled to create pro inflammatory cytokines (C. Gianfrani, 2003). CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrate the mucosa of the intestine, their role in the ... ... middle of paper ... ...n, the body is able to regenerate villi and gut physiology and functions should return to normality. However more research is being done on alternative treatments. Enzyme therapy is currently being studied, the treatment relies on enzymes such as gluten-specific endopeptidases and endoprotease reducing the antigenicity of gluten (Zingone, F., et al., 2010). tTg and inhibitors are also being investigated, although several gliadin epitopes have been shown to mount an immune response without being deaminated (Sollid, M.L., 2005). Another method that was under clinical trials depended on desensitising the body to gluten via a course of vaccines gradually increasing the concentration of gluten, (Zingone, F., et al., 2010) however none of the above methods have passed clinical trials so the only common treatment for coeliac disease remains leading a gluten free lifestyle.
Lupus is inflammatory disease caused when the immune system attacks its own tissues and organs, and this inflammation affects many different body parts such as the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs. Second is the Celiac disease and it is an autoimmune reaction from eating gluten, and it may lead to damage in the small intestine because this disease attacks the villi, the projections that line the small intestine for protection. The last example is Rheumatoid Arthritis, an inflammatory disorder in which affects many joints, mainly in hands and feet, and then causing your joints to painfully swell and possibly cause bone erosion.
(What is....2016). The first documented case of Crohn’s disease suspected was King Alfred in 850 A.D. This disease is named after a Jewish man named Dr. Burrill Bernard Crohn (1884-1983) who became interested in the condition as his father, also a Dr, suffered from a disorder of the bowel. He devoted his career to “regional enteritis” the disease that now bares his name. It is necessary to understand the disease to be able to provide care for people who are afflicted by it (de Campos and Kotze 2013). Especially since Crohn’s is a chronic disease or a lifelong affliction it’s important to understand etiology, it’s symptoms, treatments, and to maintain the disease and the psychological well being of the patient managed (Crohn’s...2015).
Researchers think that this immune system response may be triggered by bacteria or viruses, material in the intestinal contents, or a defective signal from the body’s own cells, called an autoimmune response. Inflammation results in pain, heat, redness, and swelling of the tissue. Chronic inflammation can harm the function of tissues and organs (U.S. News, 2009). Crohn’s disease also appears to affect certain ethnic groups more than others. American Jews of European descent are four to five times more likely to de... ...
I thought it was interesting that Crohn’s disease wasn’t named after Burrill Crohn particularly—he was just one of the authors who did research on the disease and his name was first due to his last name being in the beginning of the alphabet. Also, the different stages of Crohn’s disease and the different medications that can help with the symptoms of the disease. The research on Crohn’s disease is still going on today. At the end of this paper, there is an attachment that outlines major advances in Crohn’s research—from the very first description of Crohn’s disease in 1769 to the discovery of the first gene mutation in 2001. One day hopefully a cure will be in place for Crohn’s disease but until then lifestyle changes, medications, and support groups are available for those that need it or would like to know more about
There is a strong family genetic predisposition for this condition, specifically with the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes DR3, DQ2 and DQ8. The Caucasian population and people of European descent experience celiac disease. Moreover, women seem to have a higher prevalence than males for this illness. Incidence within the general population is 1 in 3,000 citizens. People from Mediterranean and African ancestries, Jews, and Asian cultures rarely suffer from this disease. Children can also be affected. Patients who suffer from celiac disease may also experience additional autoimmune diseases like arthritis, systemic lupus, sojourn syndrome, down syndrome, intestinal cancer, lactose intolerance, type I diabetes, intestinal insuffici...
Crohn’s disease is a disease that causes inflammation, swelling, and irritation to any part of the digestive tract which is also known as the gastrointestinal tract or GI tract. The disease most commonly targets the ileum which is a part in the small intestine. The digestive tract is organs that connect your mouth to your anus and it releases hormones and enzymes for the digestion in food. The inflammation caused by the disease goes deep into the lining of the digestive tract. It creates a stricture in the small intestine which is a narrowing of the pathway that can slow the movement of food through the intestine. The stricture can then move to large intestine which can cause many problems for absorption. When the disease causes the intestine to swell it can also be very problematic because the large intestine wouldn’t be able to function properly. Crohn’s disease is considered as an inflammatory bowel disease.
Torpy J M, Lynm C, Glass R M. “Crohn Disease.” Journal of the American Medical Association, 299.14 (2008): 1738. doi:10.1001/jama.299.14.1738.
Wakefield, A. J., Murch, S. H., Anthony, M. A., Linnell, J., Casson, D. M., Malik, M., Berelowitz, M., Dhillon, A. P., Thomson, M. A., Harvey, P., Valentine, A., Davies, S. E., & Walker-Smith, J. A. (1998). Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet, 351(9103), 637–641.
Unending weakness, untimely maturing, joint inflammation, poor skin and hair quality, danger, hypersensitivities, growth, and numerous different ailments can all outcome from flawed assimilation since poor processing meddles with supplement breakdown, ingestion and digestion system; permits poisons to stay in the body and aggregate; and over anxieties the body. The gastrointestinal framework assumes a focal part in safe framework homeostasis. It is the primary course of contact with the outer environment and is over-burden each day with outside jolts, now and again hazardous as pathogens (microscopic organisms, protozoa, parasites, infections) or harmful substances, in different cases exceptionally helpful as nourishment or commensal vegetation. The critical position of the gastrointestinal framework is affirmed by the colossal measure of invulnerable cells that dwell inside it. Without a doubt, gut-related lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the noticeable piece of mucosal-related lymphoid tissue (MALT) and speaks to right around 70% of the whole safe framework; also, around 80% of plasma cells [mainly immunoglobulin An (IgA)- bearing cells] live in GALT. GALT communicates entirely with gastrointestinal capacities in a dynamic way; for example, by expanding intestinal penetrability in replay
The Cruise lines from all over the world have been hit hard with outbreaks of the “Stomach Flu.” This concerning illness is known as gastroenteritis and it can be caused by a handful of different bacteria and viruses. However, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the “norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in the United States.”(cite cdc overview). Cruise lines have taken large measures to prevent and contain the spread of the norovirus but the latest cruise ship, Royal Caribbean, has been greatly impacted by the norovirus with over 600 passengers infected.
The liver plays central role in each of these phases of clotting process, as it synthesizes the majority of coagulation factors and proteins involved in fibrinolysis as well as thrombopoietin., which is responsible for platelet production from megakaryocytes. In cirrhosis, liver is badly get damaged. So the production of coagulation factors and proteins is impaired. Many pathological processes associated with cirrhosis, such as portal hypertension and endothelial dysfunction as well as co-morbid conditions, may also alter the coagulation process. Consequently, patients with liver disease as in cirrhosis, have a disturbed balance of procoagulant and anti- coagulant factors which deviates from the normal coagulation cascade.
Could you imagine not feeling good, day to day? Could you imagine not being able to eat what you want to eat because it will cause your stomach to flare up? Or even to keep running back and forth to the bathroom? Living with Crohn’s disease has those effects on the people who are living with it. According to Medicine Net, “Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease, primarily involving the small and large intestine, but which can affect other parts of the digestive system as well. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss are common symptoms”. People that live with Crohn’s are living with a daily struggle. It’s important that they’re familiar with this disease, which includes knowing the cause, symptoms, complications and treatments.
Ulcerative colitis, or UC, is a chronic gastrointestinal disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine. It causes ulcers in the colon and rectum. Ulcerative colitis is one of two forms of inflammatory bowel disease. In UC, the inflammation from the ulcers breaks down the lining of the colon and causes bleeding and discomfort in the abdomen.
Inflammatory bowel disease is a life long disease, and it particularly targets the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), which consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach small intestine, large intestine (appendix, cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid), and rectum), and anus. The gastrointestinal tract is very important to the human body; some of its functions include mechanical and chemical digestion of food, the movement of food and waste from mouth to anus, secretion of enzymes and mucus, and the absorption of nutrients. These are some reason why it’s so destructive when this part of the body becomes impaired or even damaged.
Through various observations and assumptions, there have been conversations on whether or not overconsumption of food is an addiction. However, many have come to the conclusion that food is an addiction if it is overconsume excessively than it is necessary for an individual’s diet. Nevertheless, food addiction can create health issues that can affect an individual’s body. Even though, many individual may have such knowledge of overconsumption of food; however, many may choose to ignore the consequences that comes with food addiction. Becoming a food addict is harmful and dangerous to an individual’s health.