In recent years, the efforts of clusters are subject to a strong academic and political enthusiasm. The term "cluster" is fashionable and attractive concept. Indeed, in a context of intense competition between countries and regions, there is a questioning of the competitive positioning of territories that have to adapt to a carrier opportunities and uncertainties of globalization. For keen to strengthen the potential of their regions governments, clusters bring solutions sought: company mergers and resulting benefits appear as drivers of innovation and competitiveness of regional economies.
Updated by Michael Porter, clusters are often varied forms according to local contexts and are far from being homogeneous: the reality of clusters identified or labelled as such in the world is complex and multifaceted. Methodological First, the success of the cluster concept in the absence of a clear definition makes it paradoxically increasingly blurred: everything becomes "cluster", when geographical concentration is observed activities of the same type or a network of highly innovative economic actors.
In fact, the iconic Silicon Valley, the Catalans clusters, industrial districts Italian, or German Kompetenznetze are examples often cited but cover very different realities, are part of a proper institutional framework and rely on instruments and public policies that differentiate them. The cluster concept is a generic term for various theoretical variations, depending on the intensity of networking, the size of the players and their industrial relations, their geographical extent, as evidenced by the variety of strategies clusters implemented in different countries (Italian industrial districts, local productive system or clusters in France...
... middle of paper ...
...level of economic specialization concentration of companies it becomes a cluster? What exactly are the actors (institutions, research, training), and activities to be associated with cluster? Are there any minimum thresholds, a critical mass (number of actors, related industries) for the cluster effect operates?
Qualify and quantify industrial links?
What should be their intensity? How accurately assess the "tacit knowledge" which depends on the direct confrontation, dissemination and circulation of knowledge? How companies organize themselves internally with respect to cluster? How companies can concretely combine cooperation and competition, through collaborative projects, but that should not put at risk their competitive advantage, especially for SMEs? How other cluster actors (research, training institutions) must organize themselves in relation to the cluster?
From the prologue through chapter one in “Wilderness and the American Mind”, the author emphasizes the affect wilderness had on the Europeans during the colonization of America. In today’s society, we are familiar with the concept of wilderness but few of us have experienced the feeling of being encapsulated in the unfamiliar territory. Today we long for wilderness, crave it even. We use it as an outlet to escape the pace of life. However, we have a sense of safety that the Europeans did not. We are not isolated in the unfamiliar, help is usually a phone call away. Though we now view the wilderness as an oasis because we enter at our own terms, in the early colonial and national periods, the wilderness was an unknown environment that was viewed as evil and dangerous.
The epigraphs presented by Krakauer before each chapter of the memoir Into the Wild dive deep into the life of Chris McCandless before and after his journey into the Alaskan wilderness. They compare him to famous “coming of age characters” and specific ideas written by some of his favorite philosophers. These give the reader a stronger sense of who Chris was and why he made the decision to ultimately walk alone into the wild.
Thesis- In Jon Krakauer's nonfiction novel, Into the Wild, the wilderness is a natural home to seekers, a place free of the harm of a modern society, where a seeker can explore the lands and experience life by their own rules.
Chris McCandless was dishonorable because he neglected the advice given from others, and because he let his dreams impede his preparation for his Alaska adventure. His ignorance, and his outrageous disrespect for the people he encountered, as well as for the wild, lead to his negligence in packing a sufficient amount of equipment and should deter others from following in his footsteps. Overall, Chris McCandless was ignoble
One theme that is evident throughout Blij’s “Power of Place” is the concept of culture regions mainly his analysis of formal, core, and periphery areas. To introduce the idea of culture regions he mentions how the many of the world’s underdeveloped and poor nations are part of the world’s periphery. In particular, referring to Blij’s map on page 14 many of the developed countries are among the world’s core nations: Japan, Australia, United States, Canada, and Western Europe. Blij explains through his diagram that the peripheries are located in Southeast Asia, Africa, South America, and the Middle East (14). Blij des...
Chris McCandless was an ordinary person before he decided to make a decision that would in the end change his life drastically, people ask was he an idiot or not? I believe he was more onto the idiot side. He went to one of the best colleges in the united states and would make quite a bit of money. But no he made the decision to go into the wild. Untrained and weak he went off into the wild, no care in the world. He lasted 112 days and died of starvation but on his way he ate a poisonous plant which made him very sick, this is why when you go off into the wild you should know what your plan is and how you're going to accomplish your task/goal.
Zeng, D. (2011). How Do Special Economic Zones and industrial Clusters Drive China's Rapid Development. Washington: World Bank: Policy Research Working Paper.
Chris McCandless went to the wild to live a complete life. Chris read something by Thoreau; about life and how people do not live “awake” or to the fullest of life. McCandless wanted to live life the way he wanted to. He could live life his way, only if he could do so away from society and laws. Chris’s idea was to live life laid back, how he wants, which was to feel awake as influenced by Thoreau.
Silva, Julie A. and Robin M. Leichenko. Economic Geography. Vol. 80, No. 3 (Jul., 2004), pp. 261-
Chris McCandless’s story, in Into The Wild by Jon Krakauer is an important story to be heard, but it should be read as a cautionary tale for all people wanting to go into the wilderness unprepared. Anyone going into an inhospitable region should be aware of this story and should not make the mistake of being
Sternberg, R. and Kiese, M. and Stockinger, D. (2008) ‘Cluster policies in the US and Germany: varieties of capitalism perspective on two high-tech states’ Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 2010, 28, pp.1063-1082
Thus, the reality of places is constructed through social actions including both individual and collective efforts, through informal associations and institutions of government and the economy, rather than through the inherent qualities (Logan and Lolotch, 1987, p.45). Hence, the conclusion is well constructed. The authors effectively use 'compare and contrast' structure and 'cause and effect' structure in the chapter to build and enhance their argument. They also back up their arguments citing various researchers throughout the chapter, in almost all the sections, making their argument more persuasive. Logan and Molotch enhances the
The case for regional integration is both simple and irrefutable. First we are small and we need to achieve economies of scale. We need to achieve such economies in markets, production, the mobilisation of regional capital for regional use, university education, science and technology, sea and air transport to mention some areas.
Regional development is essential to overcome the social evils related to the localization of industries in developed areas alone, which results in overcrowding, noise and congestion. These adversely affect the health and efficiency of inhabitants.
Globalization is defined as “the historical process involving a fundamental shift or transformation in the spatial scale of human social organization that links distant communities and expands the reach of power relations across regions and continents (Baylis, 2014).”