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The importance of ethics in research
The importance of ethics in research
Essays on the ethics of stem cells
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Recommended: The importance of ethics in research
Rushil Rawal
Professor Mattson
English 1A
24 September 2015
Christopher Smith Analysis: Save a life, Save an Embryo
Envision if your underdeveloped child was killed and kept frozen for a group of scientists
to perform stem cell research. There are many cases in which embryos are being used for stem
cell research. Currently, innocent embryos are being frozen and eventually killed for the purpose
that their one hundred and fifty cells will be used to create any type of cell for the future use of
human bodies. Killing embryos is simply dejected and vicious. In fact, United States
Representative, Christopher Smith, a senior member of the United States House Committee on
Foreign Affairs, apprises an inconsolable anecdote about
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Christopher Smith asserts that there are many cultures that
believe embryos should be immolated, but in evaluation, it is morally wrong. Through the use of
logic, Smith apprises how it is clear if embryos are killed because of their cells, it is not a benefit
for people, but is a loss for a family that could have spent a time in their life with that embryo. In
Smith's perspective, it is illogical how civilization can execute embryos that do not affect people,
but provide people with the means to create new families.
From beginning to end, Christopher Smith addresses logical reasoning in his article,
“Perils and Promise: Destroy an Embryo, Waste a Life.” Smith wants people to know that
destroying embryos is taking the happiness away from human beings. There are programs such
as the Snowflakes program, acknowledged in Christopher Smith's article, that allow embryos to
be placed for adoption with any of the “infertile couples waiting to begin families of their own”
(Smith 4). The Snowflakes program extensively researches on stem cells and understands how
embryos are an important part of human development. In fact, the website Nightlight
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Embryonic stem cell research is harming society in a systematic fashion, which Smith is
indirectly apprising. If humans cannot interact with one another and do not get the opportunity to
live as embryos, then why are we performing embryonic stem cell research in the first place?
Many sources believe that embryonic stem cell research will allow people to learn about the
“complex events that occur during human development,” (“Stem Basics” para. 1). On the other
hand, Christopher Smith informs that killing embryos on the basis on science will ultimately
cause “all [of] life [to be portrayed as] devalued” (Smith 10). Smith states that if living
organisms such as embryos are killed, the worth of human beings will decrease due to the fact
that scientific studies will progress as living things are killed for studies. If there are other ways
of doing stem cell research, as Christopher Smith mentions, then why should we kill abnormal
human beings who have not done any harm to us? As some references state, “embryos are stem
cells....these cells begin to differentiate and become heart, liver [and other tissues in the
This is because I do not see the human embryo as being alive, a view even supported by the Church of Scotland, a group against therapeutic cloning, as they are “unsure about when life begins” in regards to the embryo. As the embryo is not alive, “killing” it to benefit a large number of people who would no longer suffer is morally acceptable. It would also prevent any suffering from anything similar ever again, again justifying using embryos for therapeutic cloning; a contrasting view to this would be the view of the Roman Catholic Church who believe that the human embryo is a part of God, and therefore harming the embryo is harming God. Therefore they completely disallow the collection of STEM cells from embryos and ignore the positive consequences that are a result of using STEM cells from
Research on human fetal life involves numerous complex medical, moral, and legal aspects. It is not always easy, nor desirable, to seal off one aspect from another. Both sides of fetal tissue use will be equally focused on as a moral issue. The topic is a timely and important one because research on human fetal life is reportedly a growing industry and the subject of legal developments both in the United States and around the world.
...edical technology advancing the way it is and the ability to keep someone’s body alive after death has been declared than the definition of death needs to be changed accordingly. While there are upside o keeping the body alive, in the case of giving the fetus a chance to live, there are still too many downsides.
“In particular, sacrificing human embryos would fundamentally depart from the long-honored Hippocratic ethic which teaches, ‘First do not harm.’” (William Cheshire)
Then Thomson uses the seed/person case to support her argument where if you left your window open and a seed was to fly in and take root on your carpet and the seed grows into a person/plant, have you granted permission for that person/plant to have the right to use your room? This is where I start to find Thomson’s example a bit unrealistic. How in the world does a seed/person compare to a fetus? It’s hard for people to understand or make a connection with the example she gives, and I feel her argument would be more effective if she used a more realistic example. Other than that, my views mostly coincide with Thomson’s view on abortion, despite the examples she uses to explain her case.
Couples experiencing infertility issues now have a number of options at their disposal from in-vitro fertilization to intrauterine insemination or going as far as using a surrogate and donor eggs or donor sperm. Technology has made it possible for someone to experience the joy of parenthood regardless of whether they can naturally conceive children. All of these procedures come with their own ethical questions and pros and cons. One of the biggest moral dilemmas is what to do with the left-over embryos still in storage when a family has decided they have had enough children. Most couples see this ethical quandary because they recognize that the embryos are whole human beings and do not think it is morally right to dispose
...ns of a morally questionable nature. It is necessary that our practices remain ethical and that we uphold the value of a human life, as this is the cornerstone of human society. Embryonic stem cell research is one such operation that forces scientists, policy makers, and the larger society to define what constitutes a human life and to find an answer to the crucial question: Is it morally acceptable to violate the rights of a human life for the for the sake of medical progress?
Benefits of stem cell research can be overwhelming. Today, millions of people around the world suffer from incurable diseases. Stem cell research could help the scientific community find a breakthrough in developing a cure. By observing stem cells develop into mature human tissue, scientists can better understand how embryos develop. “Normal” human development can be recorded. This knowledge can be used to help prevent birth defects, for instance.
..., generation after generation, from organism to organism ever since. Each new organism, and in a sense, each leaving cell, is merely a temporary participant in this continuum." (Biggers, 1981). This citation ca be interpreted in two different ways. the first one being that embryos are not alive since there is no beginning of life. and the other one would be that the embryos are alive from the beginning since life on Earth is contiguous. This shows that the ethicality of the researches in embryonic stem cell, is just an interpretation.
With the increased rate of integrating In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), there has been a steep inclination within the associated needs of specifications. Observably, the development of babies using scientific measures was initially formulated and specified for developing the diverse range of development associated with the same (Turriziani, 2014). However, these developments are noted to be creating an adverse impact on the natural course of events and subsequently, resulting with an adverse impact on the natural process of the development of babies. The initial integrations within the system of IVF for developing babies have further been initiated with the effective use of science to develop a healthy baby. Hence, the use of such progressions can be argued as not hampering the ethical needs associated with the same. Conversely, the initial progression within the same and the changes in the use of such practices are identified as unethical, as it has been acting as a threat in the natural course of development of embryos and altering the natural course of events, suspected to be imposing significant influence on infant mortality (Turriziani,
While many support embryonic stem cell research, some people oppose it say that it is an unethical practice. According to these people, embryonic stem cells require murdering a baby, human life is defined by rational beings, those capable of rational thought or a consciousness. In order to be rational one must have a consciousness, the ability to have thoughts and feel pain, to begin with. “For a fertilized egg, there is no consciousness and also no history of consciousness” (Stem). If abortions are allowed within the United States, why shouldn’t embryonic stem cell research be? Another claim against embryonic stem cell research is that it devalues human lives. “Some argue that researching embryonic stem cells will lead us into cloning technology” (Embryonic). While embryonic cloning is a possibility, we already possess the capabilities to clone so cloning is an invalid argument. The final argument against embryonic stem cell research is that there are alternatives, like adult stem cells. While adult stem cells may be utilized, they won’t be as effective. Embryonic stem cells are not only efficient but also renewable. They can be grown in a culture where as adult stem cells are extremely rare, if there are any. They can only be found in mature tissue. Isolating these extremely rare cells is challenging and has a high failure rate if not harvested correctly. “One major difference between adult and embryonic stem cells is their different abilities in the number and type of differentiated cell types they can become” (Stem). Using adult stem cells we might never understand our development from conception ...
...cells are not just a part replacement for curing disease, but they help us understand the human body better.
George, the authors discuss about how abortion is morally wrong. According to the authors “human embryos and fetuses are complete (though immature) human beings”. Then they address counter arguments that human embryos are not the same a person because they are not conscious as a person is. The authors respond that human embryos have the “natural capacities” although less developed to reason, therefore according to the authors it makes no sense to say at which point an embryo becomes a person. And the authors conclude that the burden to carry out a pregnancy is less than “killing” the fetus. I also think that is not right to try to label an embryo as a human organism or not a person, it is a human person and it has a right to live. But you cannot force women to carry out a pregnancy they do not want, and no one should have a right to claim over their
The Web. The Web. 15 Apr. 2013. The. Waskey, Andrew J. -. “Moral Status of Embryos.”
Foht, Brendan P. "Three-Parent Embryos Illustrate Ethical Problems with Technologies." Medical Ethics, edited by Noël Merino, Greenhaven Press, 2015. Current Controversies. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,