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How childrens development is influenced by external factors
External factors influencing childrens development
Parental influence on child behavior
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Children often learn how to communicate and work through conflict from their parents, families, and peers. As our book mentions, many children learn from the beginning that the person with more power decides the outcome of situation. I feel that this applies to my personal experiences growing up, my family experienced a lot of destructive conflict. When I was around four years old my parents got divorced, and it wasn’t a happy divorce. There was a lot of fighting and much like how our book mentions, the person with the most power controls the fight. A lot of the fighting fell in the disengagement category, so once my parents would actually address the issue was blown up bigger than it needed to be due to pushing it off. Both of my parents
A family is referred to me because the parents have been using excessive punishment with their son and daughter. Whenever their children misbehave at school or at home the father beats them with a belt all over their legs and back and the mother does not beat them with a belt or other objects but she will slap them in the face if they are out of line or she will refuse to let them eat for a whole day if they do not do their chores or if they have a temper tantrum. The parents are wanting to change and find better ways to punish their children when they misbehave because they are at risk for losing their children to Child Protective Services if they do not change their forms of punishment. Both the Mother and Father were raised in a household where their parents used excessive punishment and they do not know any other way to punish their children. They also have no knowledge of the fact that they can change the behaviors of their children in a positive way by using the appropriate forms of extinction, punishments and reinforcements. I would then define, explain and give examples of extinction, punishment and negative reinforcement to the parents to make sure that this excessive punishments does not happen again. I would ask the parents what some of the triggers are and discipline problems that they are experiencing from their children to cause them to resort to using excessive punishments. I would then use those behavior problems such as temper tantrums and the children not doing their daily chores without being told to do so to be able to come up with an action plan to try and help the parents change those negative behaviors in their children in a positive way.
Our tendency as humans to fight is, without a doubt, inherent. According to a famous psychologist, the propensity for fighting began a long time ago, which for many, was when we were still of young age. The first signs of spontaneous indignation that children usually display begin when they realize that preeminence is no longer possible. This usually occurs when they interact with children whom they have never interacted with before, or when the child covets something that belongs to another child. One such example is when children first go to school.
There are many negative short and long-term emotional and behavioural effects of witnessing parental conflict on children and youth.
Children are reacting to the authority of persons in their lives. The teacher acts in a firm but friendly manner to reinforce limits, raise conscious levels, and teach alternative behaviours. I have noticed a child in a childcare, showed mistaken behaviour as a result of dominant character. Despite her small size, she has rapidly become one of the leaders. She plays with just about all of toys, and she has a constant need to be in control of other. She occasionally gets in to arguments, with her peers when they no longer accept her leadership. She has difficulty resolving these conflicts and frequently has a tantrum when she is unable to have her own way. Then I made them sit quietly and I asked her whether she likes it when her friend feels sad. He says "no." I continue to guide him through discovering a solution by asking questions until we reach one that works. The kind gesture makes her feel happy and stopped her argument with peers. Together we find a solution that builds her awareness and how to solve peer conflicts, giving him tools to build positive relationships in the future. According to Gartrell” At the socially influenced level, children have learned that using
When children experience conflicts it is because they haven’t developed the cognitive and emotional characteristics needed for more mature responses. Mistaken behavior is viewed as something that should be correct through teaching not
When a couple with a child chooses to get a divorce this can have major impact on a child at any age. There are many causes of stress throughout the divorce process that can negatively affect children. First, negative reactions and behaviors are dependent upon the situation before the divorce. Some studies show that how much parents fight, how it is done, how it is resolved, and what precautions are taken to protect the children from it's effects are the most important predictors of child adjustment (Kelly, 2000). Meaning that if children are exposed to fights about custody, money, or the failing marriage they could feel the repercussions of their parents conflict. Next, divorce can cause children to have heightened fear...
With the very high divorce rates in America, one could assume that this is a beneficial solution to marital conflict. However, according to Janie Sarrazin and Francine Cyr (2007) research shows that “24 to 33% of the families who go through a divorce continue to undergo significant conflicts lasting up to two years after the marital separation” (p.78). Despite issues, many parents decide to stay together, “for the children’s sake.” Some research has focused on comparing the effects of divorce with the effects of parental conflict on a child’s well being. As expected, results indicate that both divorce and marital conflict impact different areas of a child’s development. The intensity and area of development effected depends greatly on the quality of the marriage; For children exposed to high levels of conflict, the separation of parents is seen to have positive effects, whereas children in families with low levels of conflict, negative effects may be seen (Cyr, Sarrazin, 2007). Focusing specifically on marriage quality and its effects on children’s development, Paul Howes and Howard J. Markman (1989) examined the impacts of marital satisfaction, conflict and communication in both mothers and fathers pre-marriage and post the birth of a child. Relationship satisfaction, high levels of communication, low levels of conflict and the ability to handle negative affect can characterize high quality, or “good” marriages. High quality marriages are associated with the parents’ ability to handle negative emotions related to conflict, linking marital quality to the development and functioning of the child. High quality marriages can lead to high security of attachment and high sociability. On the other end of the spectrum is lack of effect...
In a divorce, the parents usually do not get along and may have different opinions on items. They may go to court and fight against each other about what factors caused the separation leading to the divorce and how the properties are divided. This possible exposure is very unhealthy for a child. The child sees his parents fighting and may learn from the behavior and display it. He or she may see that behavior as being an acceptable action. The fighting behavior of parents causes behavioral problems within a child. The child may hear things from one parent about the other that causes the child to take sides when he or she should be learning not to be biased and to love both parents equally.
Bullying has been around for decades and yet it is still a reoccurring problem, and it is only getting worse. The National Center for Educational Statistics, in 2009, said nearly 1 in 3 students between the ages of 12 and 18 reported being bullied in school. Eight years earlier, only 14 percent of that population said they had experienced bullying(Ollove,2014). There are two types of bullying the direct form and indirect form, in the direct form the victim receives physical harm example kicking pushing shoving. In the indirect form the victim receives emotional or mental harm by name-calling, rejection, gossip, threats, or insults(Green,2007). It doesn’t matter which way the victim was bullied it still causes
Children live in a world designed for them by adults. The two cultures, child’s culture and adult’s culture exist side-by-side. As the children eventually mature into the adult world, they grow up learning the structure of what is expected of them. As children challenge the authority or expectations, they are battling the construction that was predetermined by the adults. Children have to live in a world where they are living in the structure, as well as being active agents. The two combating ideas are one component that makes growing up a difficult learning experience.
My parents did not discuss their reasons for the divorce with me, they didn't have to, and I knew the reasons. I had lived the reasons for as long as I was old enough to remember. The arguments, the name calling, the accusations, the past threats to move out. I was well aware of the reasons. Although there was never any physical violence there was enough screa...
All my life i’ve been called a trouble child or a trouble maker. Every since the 5th grade I think that’s when it all happened.
Aggressive behaviour in children includes a range of behaviour including, physical abuse, emotional harm, threats, bullying, harm to animals, tantrum and arm assault. Children with aggressive behaviour show distress, get very upset, and hard to calm. Some children may cause physical abuse or emotional harm to others. The aggressive child may be verbally and emotionally abusive. They often have difficulty to control their temper and get upset and annoyed by others.
Aggression is a problem that is very common in many children and that if not addressed early enough would continue through adolescence and later on in life. Aggression can be caused by a multitude of factor, which is sometimes considered part of a normal developmental stage; never the less aggression can also be a symptom of a multitude of disruptive behaviors (Barzman & Findling, 2008). It is important that parents learn to deal with this type of behaviors and find ways to effectively modify the child’s misconduct; according to Barzman & Findling (2008) the intricacy of aggression needs to be addressed through complex assessment strategies.
Marital couples are sometimes oblivious to how much their marital conflict effects the lives of their children. Even though there are ways to have a disagreement in an amicable way, many children have a chance to see their parents resolve a conflict in a way that will not have a negative impact on their lives. Many of their conflict deteriorate and escalate into yelling matches, belittling, and sometimes domestic violence. Children who are consistently exposed to this kind of behavior will not be equipped to handle conflict in their own relationships and lives and repeat a pattern that they learned in their household. According to Rafiq and Rafiq (2017) marital conflicts significantly affect the child development, therefore resolution