Child Development Chapter 3 Summary

Chapter three focuses on explaining how family, culture and community shapes child development. There are many factors that play a role in a child’s development as this book has already highlighted. The chapter uses the bioecological model and other developmental theories to identify the effects of family, culture and community. Chapter three was divided into four sections to better describe the importance of each: cradles of development, family structure, family processes and children in diverse society. At the end of each section, readers were provided tips on how educators can apply the information given to working with children.
It was noted that foundation is rooted from a child’s family, which is defined as two or more people that live

Aside from providing the basic needs, families also expose children to other people in the community, also known as socialization. Those involved in the child’s life offers assistance in preparing them to act and think in certain ways that is appropriate in their society. Alongside family, culture exposes children to multiple social practices, division of responsibility, and different values. A child’s culture is displayed through their relationships with others, how they view themselves and their behavior. Two core beliefs mentioned were individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Individualistic culture supports individuality and independence whereas; collectivistic encourages being cooperative, respectful/obedient towards authority and being a member of a group. Parents often use their culture in their parenting and rules followed in the

Parenting includes displaying affection, celebrating successes and providing emotional support. In addition to love, parenting also includes self-restraint, creating rules and implementing order. There are four parenting styles described. The first is authoritative parenting style, which is a combination of emotional warmth, high expectations and enforcement of rules. Next is the authoritarian parenting style that is described as strict expectations, firm rules and little regard for emotional support. The third is permissive parenting characterized by adequate emotional warmth but low expectations of children. Lastly is the uninvolved parenting style which is described has parents being rejecting of children, providing no emotional support and having a no expectations for them. According to the reading, children with parents that implement the authoritative parenting style have a higher chance at achieving academic success and sustaining fulfilling relationships with others. The effects of not having both love and discipline may result to emotional instability, difficulty in school and delinquency. Parenting style arise from ones own childrearing experience, culture, the resources they have and the conditions they’re living in. Through guided participation, parents informally teach children skills during shared activities. The parents, children and sibling responses to one another