7.6 million people each year, worldwide die from cancer (“Cancer”). The most common types of cancer include breast, prostate, skin, lung, and brain. Cancer can form anywhere in the form a tumor or mass. Cancer starts out when abnormal cells grow out of control. Metastasis is when the cancer cells get into the lymph vessels or the blood stream and it can flow to different organs. Most cells with damaged DNA either die or repair themselves, but with cancer cells which is when the cell growth is out of control, they don't die or repair themselves. Instead they replicate the damaged DNA cell and infect the body with damaged cells. In the past 30 years, cancer treatment has evolved by genetic mapping, advances in treatment, and early detection. …show more content…
Chemotherapy was created between the 1940's and 50's (ONCOSEC). Chemotherapy is a drug treatment. It has evolved to cytotoxic drugs: substances that kill, shrink or otherwise hinder cancer cells. Cytotoxic drugs come in many forms like some that attack genetic material, some slow the spread of cancer, and others stop cell division. Chemo as treatment depends on what stage and type of cancer one has. Some results are total remission, slowing the spread of cancer, and palliative care (which is aiding to the symptoms). Treatments are usually more effective when the chemo drugs are combined, which would lead to more results in eradicating the cancer. Chemotherapy is changing the way that cancer is being …show more content…
The radiation kills cells by damaging their genetic structure in several different ways. Radiation gets into the body by an mechanical delivery system, it can be injected, or placed somewhere in the body during surgery. While we encounter radiation in everyday life, radiation therapy provides the body with a very high dosage. It can be injected on its own or in a combination therapy, sometimes with chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is generally much more specific; that is to say that, while chemotherapy treats the whole body, radiation is used on a more targeted area. The range of uses is also similar to chemo, as it can be used with the intention of destroying the cancer, slowing it down or being used to lessen symptoms of the disease. In brief, Radiation is a treatment that continues to be advanced and is saving many lives. Radiation, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy are three ways that cancer treatment continues to
1. Chemotherapy tends to be the conventional lung cancer treatment used that everyone has heard of. Today it uses a cocktail of over 100 different drugs and works by destroying the cancerous cells and stopping their spread. However, although considered to be an acceptable treatment, it does tend to cause many unwanted side-effects.
There are essentially three main types of cancer treatments; surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Surgery allows doctors to effectively remove tumors from a clear plane. Chemotherapy uses drugs to treat the tumor; but often the drugs affect other healthy cells in the process. Using radiation as a treatment can be either precise or vague. Many health stigmas can come from the vague forms of radiation or conventional radiation therapy. Conventional radiation treats both the unhealthy and healthy cells, therefore exposing healthy cells to harmful radiation (Radiation Oncology, 2011, p.6). When healthy cells are exposed to gamma radiation they are also exposed to ionizing radiation. The ionization can cause “breakage of chemical bonds or oxidization (addition of oxygen atoms)” in a cell; the main impact of this is on a cell’s DNA, if two strands of DNA break it can result in “mutations, chromosome aberrations, ...
Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply out of control and gradually build a mass of tissue called a tumor. There has been a large amount of research dedicated to the treatment and cure of cancer. Several types of treatments have been developed. The following are just some of the major examples of cancer therapy: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biologic therapy, biorhythms, unconventional treatments, and hyperthermia. Each type of treatment is discussed in detail below.
Cancer has been an active concern in our society for the past couple decades, since we truly discovered the nature of cancer and the potency it brings along with it. However, it was not until the mid-20th century that scientists were beginning to truly understand the origin of cancer. Scientists dating back all the way to the Renaissance, when they first began performing autopsies to learn more about the human body and form, noticed abnormalities but it never clicked that it was something much worse than it seemed. Research has continued since then, and it has continued to thrive even to this day. When James Watson and Francis Crick discovered DNA and it’s chemical structure in 1962, it opened up doors that even they could not expect. With the understanding of DNA and how it affected the way we look at life, came the beginning of the understanding of mutated DNA (which is a cause of the growth of cancerous cells). In this past century, researching scientists discovered that cancer is linked with the DNA that resides in a cell’s nucleus. By ways of damage to the cells via chemicals or radiation, or even introduction of a new DNA, the cancerous cells begin to form and duplicate. We are learning more and more about cancer and how to fight it, but we still have much more to learn.
I have elected to transcribe my proposal argument on issues regarding cancer chemoprevention. I selected this topic because reasonably minute devotion has been given to cancer chemoprevention research in ethical writings, particularly in relation to the huge quantity of moral studies in cancer treatment exploration. Cancer chemoprevention trials test the ability and care of medicinal agents in averting cancer before its manifestation. I believe that phase III chemoprevention issues can be less prevalent by simply ensuring enhanced communication and etiquette between researchers and investigators.
The topic of this article is medication error related to chemotherapy drugs. Forty percent of medication errors have been related to chemotherapy drugs. It is imperative that the nurses are properly trained on these medications and fully understand what is being administered before giving it to the patient as well as know what the proper dose is before administering anything to the patient. More importantly the nurse must pay close attention to their patient’s response to the chemotherapy given to the patient or it could lead to a serious injury or death.
Radiation therapy is a complex treatment plan to treat cancer in patients. Its treatment can be used alone or in conjunction with surgery or chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is delivered by a team of individuals who specialize in the treatment of cancer. There are several ways in which the radiation can be delivered to the patient with specialized equipment. Radiation therapy is an exciting field of study that can be beneficial to patients who are affected by cancer.
...effects that can come with chemotherapy such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, mouth sores, and more. Radiation therapy is pretty bad but not as painful with side effects. Side effects for radiation therapy are coughing, fever, fullness of chest, soreness and scaring. Many times surgery is not an option but when is it is one of the best options due to the fact there are less side effects and no strenuous treatment. One of the reasons cancer is such a bad thing is because the treatment is not good but research is taking place and working to get more effective.
If one is affected by cancer, there are treatments to help take away this illness affecting their body. This essay is about a specific type of treatment for cancer, radiation therapy. There are different types of forms of particles for radiation, for example, protons and waves like x-rays and visible light. These types of radiations are grouped on how much energy they contain because they can cause different effects. A low type of energy radiation can be radio waves and heat, also known as non-ionizing radiation.
Conventional chemotherapeutic agents are usually administered via the intravenous (i.v.) route. However, the major drawbacks with i.v. administration of therapeutic agents is their widespread distribution throughout the body via the bloodstream affecting both malignant and rapidly dividing normal cells in the bone marrow [64]. This leads to increased side effects, higher patient risks, decreased biodistribution of drugs to the tumor site and development of multidrug resistance against the chemotherapeutic drugs by the cancer cells[65]. Chemotherapeutics are also rapidly cleared by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), which results in a reduced amount of drugs reaching the target site leading to decreased efficacy [66]. Most of the anticancer drugs are hydrophobic and due to their toxicity to normal and cancer cells, they have to be developed in a formulation to be delivered via an i.v. route [67].
What is Radiation Therapy? Radiation Therapy is one of the principal modalities that are used in the treatment of cancer (Frank, Long, Smith 2012, p. 467). What is cancer? Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. This uncontrolled growth of cells can over time develop into a tumor. Then, this tumor can continue to grow and cause problems, and even spread if it is left untreated. Cancerous cells are also called malignant cells. In this modality, high energy x-rays, gamma rays, and charged particles are the forms of radiation used to shrink the cancer cells (Lawrence, Ten Haken, pg.1). In this field the patients have been diagnosed with cancer, have tumors, or they have cancerous lesions that are present. The objective
Cancer is a disease that affects human somatic cells. It causes the cells to divide uncontrollably and form masses known as tumors. There are two different types of cancer tumors. Some tumors are benign and other tumors are malignant. Benign tumors look similar to the tissues that they came from and develop slowly. The tumor remains in the same area that the tumor originated in. Malignant tumors are formed from cells that do not resemble the tissue that they came from. They vary in shape and size. This enables pieces of the tumor to break off and spread to other places in the body. Over the past few decades cancer has become a very prominent disease. There are many different types of cancer and many different causes for the the disease. Most cancers are because of a genetic mutation. The most common type occur when a cell is dividing. Proto-oncogenes, which are alleles in a normal cells, mutate to form oncogenes. These oncogenes cause cancer because they do not allow the cells to self destruct or become epistatic. There have been several research projects which have been testing epistatis.
The energy in ionizing radiation can cause chemical changes in the the cells that can lead to damaging them. Most of the cells can either permanently or temporarily become abnormal or they can just die. Radiation can cause cancer by damaging the DNA in the body. The damage of the cells can also depend on how long the organs are exposed (environmental protection agency, 2017, unknown). If someone has many exposures at one time that radiation in the body keeps adding on. As well as if its only a little bit of exposure in on day and years later you get exposed again it keeps adding on the radiation will never leave the body. Having radiation in your body doesn’t affect you right away but as you get older it starts to show and you feel it. Chronic exposure is when someone is exposed many time for long periods. When this happens the type of effects it will carry is having harmful generic change, cancer, tumors, and even cataracts. Partial health effects can also depend on if it was internal or external exposure. Internal exposure is when either by drinking, breathing, eating and even an injection cause radiation to get inside your body. External exposure is when taking an x-ray out of your body and letting it go through letting all the energy go as it goes in (environmental protection agency, 2017, unknown). In the dental world radiation gets into the patients when we take x-rays on there teeth. In order to avoid to much radiation on them we put a lead apron on them and make sure to cover their thyroid which is the most common way of getting cancer when taking an x-ray. When we take the x-ray we stand behind a wall at least 6 feet away to avoid ourself from getting
What exactly is Chemotherapy and why would it also kill “good” cells? Cancer could be described as the disease that sends cells out of control, rapidly multiplying the cells, until it harms the body. Chemotherapy is an effective drug treatment intended to treat individuals with various forms of cancer. Generally, this type of treatment is nonspecific, and non-molecular that uses chemical agents to break down all dividing cells. Chemotherapy, or chemo for short, destroys cancer cells, and can also cease the reproduction or spreading of these cells. Despite having apparent benefits, this type of treatment comes at a cost, presenting several disadvantages and side effects. Chemotherapy comes with a heavy burden, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, infections, and fatigue is a few of the short-term side effects. This analysis examines chemotherapy as a type of cancer treatment, as well as evaluating complimentary and alternative medicines.
Along with scientific development in all aspects of life, diseases treatments have naturally affected by technology and novel procedures. The most common types of cancer treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, etc. were introduced one by one to extol life quality. Although these treatment types are very beneficial and effective in some cases, but drawbacks are the other side of the coin. Surgery has been used to treat cancer for many, many years. Surgery also plays a key role in diagnosing cancer and finding out how far it may have spread [ ]. Radiation therapy uses high-energy particles or waves to destroy or damage cancer cells. It is one of the most common treatments for cancer, either by itself or along with other forms