Chemical Reaction Lab Report

1359 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Importance of enzymes in biology

Enzymes are proteins that consist of a long chain of different amino acids that increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy. (Bbc, 2016) Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to activate molecules to undergo a chemical reaction, so lowering the activation energy enhances the chemical reaction, allowing it to occur faster and more often. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016) Chemical reactions happen within cells, with molecules called substrates. (Live Science, 2016) Two molecules must collide at the same time, with the right orientation and sufficient energy in order for the chemical reaction to occur. (Rsc, 2016) Once together the enzyme and substrates bind at the active site and the chemical reaction …show more content…

From this result it can be assumed that the moment the milk enters the stomach, inside the human body, the chemical reaction will take place, immediately turning the milk fats into fatty acids, which can then be absorb by the body. This assumption is not certain as the quantity of milk used in the experiment is far less than a human would drink in one day and is therefore hard to relate how fast it would actually happen in side a human. Also the milk would be mixed with other liquids in the body which may take more time for this chemical reaction to …show more content…

At this temperature enzymes begin to denature decreasing the rate of reaction rapidly (Bbc, 2016) but this theory is not supported by experiment 2. The highest temperature the milk was warmed to was 60oc, which in theory should have denatured the enzyme, causing it to break down. According to BBC (2016) “Increasing the temperature to 60°C will cause a permanent change to the shape of the active site. This is why enzymes stop working when they are heated,” but as seem in graph 2 the reaction continued as normal, with the enzyme unaffected. The reason behind this is that the lipase is an industrial enzyme. These enzymes are used in the chemical industry when extremely specific catalysts are required. Industrial enzymes are not found in the human body and generally have a higher denaturing temperature, which explains the usual results in experiment two. (Boundless,

Show More
Related

  • Lactase Lab Report

    1873 Words  | 4 Pages

    One of the most primitive actions known is the consumption of lactose, (milk), from the mother after birth. Mammals have an innate predisposition towards this consumption, as it is their main source of energy. Most mammals lose the ability to digest lactose shortly after their birth. The ability to digest lactose is determined by the presence of an enzyme called lactase, which is found in the lining of the small intestine. An enzyme is a small molecule or group of molecules that act as a catalyst (catalyst being defined as a molecule that binds to the original reactant and lowers the amount of energy needed to break apart the original molecule to obtain energy) in breaking apart the lactose molecule. In mammals, the lactase enzyme is present

    Read More

  • Litmus Milk Experiment Essay

    870 Words  | 2 Pages

    In order to learn even more about my specimen’s metabolic functions, I ran an experiment using a type of differential medium called litmus milk. This differential medium or any other type allows me to actually see certain changes that occur in the tubes after a certain metabolic reaction has taken place (Black, 2015). For this experiment two tubes that contain skin milk and the pH indicator, litmus were inoculated with specimens Ca and Cb. My first litmus milk tube was inoculated with a strain of specimen Ca that was taken from my specimen Ca glucose tube. While my second litmus milk tube contained a strain of specimen Cb that was taken from my specimen Cb lactose tube. After inoculation, both litmus milk tubes were put in an incubator at 37°C

    Read More

  • Lactase Laboratory Report

    1401 Words  | 3 Pages

    Lactase is an enzyme found in the digestive system. It is essential to the complete digestion of sugar in whole milk and milk products. Lactase specifically breaks down lactose, a complex sugar. Lactase cannot be absorbed by the body unless it is broken down by lactase into glucose and galactose. According to webMD, “Lacking lactase in their intestines, a person consuming dairy products may experience the symptoms of lactose intolerance…Abdominal cramping, flatulence (gas) and diarrhea can occur when a lactose intolerant person consumes milk products.” ("Lactase Enzyme oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD", n.d.) Lactase is not recommended for use in CHILDREN younger than 4 years of age. Safety and effectiveness in this age group have not been confirmed. (Kluwer, 2014)

    Read More

  • Reasons to Increase Research of Lactose Intolerance

    2063 Words  | 5 Pages

    LI was first recognized in the 1960s when researchers found black children responding unfavorably to milk in their diets (Harrison 812). Research led to the discovery that lactose, the major sugar in milk and related dairy products, was undigestible in some people because they were missing the enzyme lactase. Lactase breaks down lactose into its component monosaccharide sugars, glucose and galactose. In people missing lactase, lactose passes undigested through the small intestine. In some people, the undigested lactose passes through the remainder of their systems with no ill effects. In others, however, the undigested lactose becomes viscous and ferments in the colon (Englert and Guillory 903). The thickness of the liquid and the fermentation cause painful cramping, gas and sometimes diarrhea. Besides not being able to digest lactose, these people suffer from malabsorption, which causes them to receive little or none of milk's nutrients (Houts 110).1

    Read More

  • Investigating the Effect of Substrate Concentration on Catalase Reaction

    4867 Words  | 10 Pages

    Background information:. Enzyme Enzymes are protein molecules that act as the biological catalysts. A Catalyst is a molecule which can speed up chemical reactions but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. Enzymes catalyze most of the metabolic reactions that take place within a living organism. They speed up the metabolic reactions by lowering the amount of energy.

    Read More

  • Enzyme Case Study

    1698 Words  | 4 Pages

    Enzymes are biological catalysts, chemical reactions. Enzyme may act are called substrates and molecules called enzyme converts these into different products. Enzyme are used commercially, for example, synthesis of antibiotics. The study of enzyme is called enzymology.

    Read More

  • Pei: Lactose Intolerant

    219 Words  | 1 Pages

    In the tests conducted, we see that Pei’s glucose levels did not rise after drinking the lactose, which tells us that Pei’s body lacks lactase. Lactase is an enzyme that essentially is what lets our bodies digest dairy products. An enzyme is a molecule that allows chemical reactions in living things to occur. Lactase specifically is what allows lactose to be broken down into glucose, a simple sugar,

    Read More

  • Investigating the Effect of Enzyme Concentration on the Hydrolysis of Starch with Amylase

    4181 Words  | 9 Pages

    Enzymes have the ability to act on a small group of chemically similar substances. Enzymes are very specific, in the sense that each enzyme is limited to interact with only one set of reactants; the reactants are referred to as substrates. Substrates of an enzyme are the chemicals altered by enzyme-catalysed reactions. The extreme specific nature of enzymes are because of the complicated three-dimensional shape, which is due to the particular way the amino acid chain of proteins folds.

    Read More

  • Biology

    1328 Words  | 3 Pages

    Living cells perform a multitude of chemical reactions very rapidly because of the participation of enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts, compounds that speed up a chemical reaction without being used up or altered in the reaction. The material with which the catalysts reacts, called the substrate, is modified during the reaction to form a new product. But because the enzyme itself emerges from the reaction unchanged and ready to bind with another substrate molecule, a small amount of enzyme can alter a relatively enormous amount of substrate.

    Read More

  • Enzymes

    785 Words  | 2 Pages

    Enzymes are proteins or RNA, ribonucleic acid. An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction. Since the enzyme is not changed by speeding up a chemical reaction, the enzyme can speed up reactions again and again. In a process called catalysis, an enzyme takes what would have been a relatively slow reaction, and makes it faster than the reaction would have been without the enzyme. Enzymes also take the activation energy, which is the energy needed to start reactions, and shortens it. With the decrease in the amount of activation energy needed, reactions could occur more often, and less energy would be needed to begin each reaction. When an enzyme takes a substrate, which is a specific reactant, it changes the substrate in a specific way (Unity and Diversity 82). The active site on the enzyme is a specific shape, so the enzyme can only change certain substrates, the ones that fit into the enzyme’s activation site like a piece in a puzzle.

    Read More

  • Chemical Kinetics Lab Report

    586 Words  | 2 Pages

    Chemical kinetics is a branch of chemistry that involves reaction rates and the steps that follow in. It tells you how fast a reaction can happen and the steps it takes to make complete the reaction (2). An application of chemical kinetics in everyday life is the mechanics of popcorn. The rate it pops depends on how much water is in a kernel. The more water it has the quicker the steam heats up and causes a reaction- the popping of the kernel (3). Catalysts, temperature, and concentration can cause variations in kinetics (4).

    Read More

  • The Pros and Cons of Using Enzymes in Medicine and Industry

    739 Words  | 2 Pages

    = == In relative terms enzymes are biological catalysts; control the rate of chemical reaction, different temperatures and pH’s affect their optimum rate of reaction in living organisms. In detail; enzymes are globular proteins, which catalyse chemical reactions in living organisms, they are produced by living cells – each cell has hundreds of enzymes. Cells can never run out of enzymes as they or used up in a reaction.

    Read More

  • Milk Macromolecules Lab Report

    683 Words  | 2 Pages

    In order to identify the presence of lipids in these samples, we use the Sudan IV solution. If the unknown A, B, C milk samples turn from clear to dark pink color

    Read More

  • Essay On Salivary Amylase

    1450 Words  | 3 Pages

    At 0°C, enzymatic reaction of salivary amylase occurs slowly or not at all due to lack of energy and heat. As the temperature increases, its enzymatic also increases up until the optimum temperature. Figure 1 shows that the optimum temperature of salivary amylase is about 37°C.This applies to the human body since salivary amylase is suitable to function within these temperatures. After 37°C, the graph then steeply declines as a result of loss of activity. At 70°C and 100°C, salivary amylase is denatured. The molecular conformation of the enzyme becomes altered as the hydrogen bonds responsible for its secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures are

    Read More

  • Lactase Enzyme Lab Report

    1772 Words  | 4 Pages

    Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is important that a specific enzyme is present during the process. For example, lactase must be able to collaborate with lactose in order to break it down (Madar & Windelspecht, 105).

    Read More

More about Chemical Reaction Lab Report

Open Document