Chemical Engineering in Singapore
Introduction
When one is talking about Singapore, “world’s financial center”, “best tourist destination” and “cleanest city” are always mentioned compared with “global chemical center”. In fact, as one of the world’s leading energy and chemical engineering centres, Singapore has contributed to the industry a lot, both in terms of output and research. The heart to chemical industry of Singapore is Jurong Island. The following literature review section is going to elaborate the chemical industry in Jurong Island.
Literature review
Today, Jurong Island is home to many companies such as ExxonMobil, Mitsui Chemicals, Chevron Oronite, Shell, Singapore Petroleum Company Singapore Refinery Company, Petrochemical
…show more content…
The country's manufacturing output in 2014 was S $ 306.6 billion, 299.6 billion Singapore dollars in 2013 manufacturing output. "2005-2014 between Singapore energy and chemical industry output value CAGR of 4.1%, the industry output value from the S $ 68.2 billion in 2005 to $ 102.2 billion Singapore dollars in 2014," Singapore EDB energy and chemicals director Damian Chan expressed. EDB in the fourth quarter of 2015, released by Singapore's manufacturing performance report said, compared with 2014, in 2015 the overall chemical energy output increased 3.9%, specialty chemicals grew 7.1%, petrochemical products increased by 0.4%. (Retrieved from …show more content…
The idea of building Jurong Island was put forward by the government in 1980s. In that time, due to lack of natural resources, high unemployment and lagging industry, government decided to realize industrialization. After thinking twice, the government decided to build a regional chemical centre with the petrochemical sector aiming to reduce the economy’s dependence on electronics manufacturing.
Jurong Island is located in the southwest of Singapore, formed from 7 islands by reclamation. In the 1980s, government chose here to develop chemical industry based on following consideration. First, Jurong Island has excellent geographical conditions. There are harbors with 12-meter-deep water and it is near the railways and highways between Singapore and Malaysia, which lead to the convenient transportation. Besides, the largest river in the southwest of Singapore—Jurong river goes through Jurong Island, which can provide abundant industrial water. Second, because it is newly reclaimed island, the land is owned by government. Therefore, there is no concern about the residents transferring. Finally, in the early 1990s, the world’s major chemical companies invested millions of dollars into Jurong Island to strongly develop chemical
... of metals, the United States and other countries supported by China had to plan ways to meet their demands. The benefits of the new refinery being opened are that it would help produce more metal and it will help the prices of the rare elements decrease. The disadvantages of opening a new refinery in Malaysia are the pollution it can cause for the environment and the health of the citizens and workers are at risk.
BASF is one of the world's largest chemical companies. It was established in 1865 with the main product was coal tar based dyestuff. It has six main categories of products, which are oil and gas, chemicals, agricultural products, plastics and fibers, dyestuff and finishing products, and consumer products. The structure of the company is presented by three-dimensional matrix consisting of operating, regional and functional divisions. Since 1960, the company began to expand its operation at a global level through acquisition. In Southeast Asia, the company has over 30 companies in 16 countries through the region of which 12 have the production facility. Headquarter for the region is located in Singapore.
Singapore as a country has had various transformations throughout its history, however the period 1950 and 1970 was quite critical. Much of these changes had a lot to do with the development of trade and manufacturing. This is without forgetting the financial sector where the intention was to come up with a financial hub that could be used in economic development. Looking at the case of Singapore, we would say that it is a productive economy with a very high market competition. This observation has been further clarified by the Swiss International Institute for Management Development, going with their report that they released in the year 2001 (Chellaraj & Mattoo, 2009). In this study, we intend to evaluate the case of political economy of development in Singapore and examine the tensions between the state and various economic institutions. In additions to examining this institution, we would also like to examine how these variables have contributed towards the attainment of favorable growth rates and economic prosperity.
China in the last decade has been going under one of the fastest industrial developments in history, with their claims of wanting to build several New York size cities throughout the country, China plans to connect the whole country though the rail system to unify and bring industry to the country as a whole. China biggest growth is in the transportation and textile industry, and in order for the growth to be sustained China relies heavily on the oil important. Even though China relies heavily on outside imports, ch...
The major industry's that make up Taiwan's economy are energy, agriculture, and information technology. These industries have helped Taiwan in reaching number 27 on the all time GDP list. Taiwan’s gross domestic income is at an outstandingly high US$ 474,149,000,000. This shows that Taiwan has been able to use it's resources to produce at an extremely high level. This production hinges on the success of it's major industries.
Singapore acts as a role of an entrepôt for Southeast Asia due to their strategic location, port infrastructure and highly skilled workforce. Singapore also purchases raw materials from other country and then refine the product into a better product to re-export. The reason for Singapore to do this is because of the lack of human and natural resources.
After analyzing the situation, there is a need for the company to invest in the local industry. The best idea is to invest in power generation. The strategy is to involve the company in power generation by scaling up the existing electricity production. Availability of the cheap power will not only support the current local businesses, but will also attract international investors. Also, the huge population of the country will ensure that the power generated is gets ready market. Additionally, the company deals with refining of oil destined for the international company. The gas produced in the refining process can be used to generate electricity rather than just selling the
Thai Oil Limited Company is a subsidiary company of PTT Thai group Limited Company which is a corporate company established in Thailand. Moreover, PTT Thai group is the biggest shareholder (49.1% of shareholder ratio) of the issued and paid-up capital of the company. Thai Oil is the firm of petroleum refinery specifically in Complex Refinery produced in high modern tech-nology and relevant to involved chain petrochemical firm. The major market is the national market guaranteed with one of the most efficient oil refinery companies in South-east Pacific. Presently, the oil refinery produce capacity is approximately 275,000 barrel per day (25% of the whole nation oil refinery). Additionally, Thai Oil also involves in the other kinds of the business by the shareholder, for example, power producing business, fundamental petroleum business, Paraxylene producing business, petroleum and chemical petroleum products marine transportation, chemical petroleum pipe transportation, as well as the consulting of energy. Thai Oil Group’s integrated business com-prise of the following sectors; Petroleum Refinery Business (TOP), Petrochemical Business(TPX), Lube Base Petroleum Business, Solvent and Chemical Products Business(TOS/TS/SKAV/TSV), Power Generation(TP/TOPSPP/GPSC), Transportation Business(TM/THAPPLINE), and Manufacture of Ethanol Business(TET). Therefore, Thai Oil also has managed the concept of CSR principle into business strategy. Apart from running business by taking the safety of society
HU, Vicky (2005). «The Chinese Economic of HD Biosciences Co.». In: X Jornada d’Economia de Caixa Manresa (2005: Manresa)
Though many people fail to realize it, chemistry is a subject essential to everyday life, due to the fact that it is the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed. But what we must understand is that everything in the universe is composed of matter, hence chemistry is necessary in learning more about the world and universe that we live in. There are many careers and fields affiliated with chemistry that people pursue to learn more about the composition of the universe, but for now, let us examine the logistics of three of these careers. These three careers involving chemistry are geochemistry, environmental chemistry, and chemical engineering.
The Middle East is probably the most important influence on the global petrochemical industry today and will remain so for many years to come. However, prospects of a war in Iraq are raising concerns, and logistical and feedstock challenges could hem in the region's growth. Saudi Basic Industries Corp., or SABIC, the majority of which is owned by the Saudi Arabian government, has grown to 40.6 million metric tons of petrochemical production and sales of $9 billion in 2002 to become the 11th largest petrochemical producer in the world. Iran, through the government-owned National Petrochemical Co., has made its petrochemical industry a strong second to Saudi Arabia. Iranian petrochemical output was 12.5 million metric tones in 2001. A number of other countries in the region, including the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and Egypt, have either completed major petrochemical projects or are planning them.
Throughout my school career I have always loved chemistry. In Chemistry there was always a sense that there was more, there was always something new and exciting to be discovered and theories to be proven (or even disproven). Chemistry was the main subject with a real practical aspect to it during school and it is this, along with my genuine fascination with the subject, which fuels my desire to study it further.
The largest world supplier oil company is Saudi Aramco. It is the most profitable company on the earth. Since it is the most powerful oil company, it has a great impact on the world economy. As a result, a strong international relationship was built with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the strong developing of international relationship with other industrial countries resulted in massive contributions to the politics, economy, and many different aspects. In 1933, Saudi government bestowed oil concession to California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Chevron). The main factor for this grant was to explore the oil in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After discovering a huge amount of oil, part of the grant was sold to other American oil companies in order to cooperate with each other to do more exploration and to deal with such a big job. In 1948, all these American companies were incorporated into Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) shared 50% of its profits with Saudi government. Furthermore, the company’s shares had been acquiring by Saudi government to gain 100% of its ownership. In 1988, the name changed to Saudi Aramco. The Headquarter of Saudi Aramoc is located in Dhahran, a city in eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Aramco produces 10 million barrels of oil each day. The history of Saudi Aramco went through three major periods: exploring oil, interconnecting with the USA, and contributing to other many universal events.
Gibling C. 2013. Construction Process and Post Construction Impacts of the Palm Jumeirah in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Memorial University.
Singapore has only a small number of natural resources, so it relies on its human capital as an advantage which is well-known globally and also known to be a skilled work force. Another advantage that Singapore has is its prime location in where the tiny island is located. This have given the people an edge of being a busy port, placing itself as the leader of the trading hub and logistics