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An essay about charles darwin biography
An essay about charles darwin biography
An essay about charles darwin biography
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Charles Darwin, was well-known for his contribution to the science of evolution. His theory of evolution states that all organisms of a particular species show differences in their behavioral, morphological or physiological traits. Darwin recognized there was a concern with the evolutionary significance of sex. This occurred during his natural selection theory. The theory of natural selection exhibits the process by which only a particular trait makes it easier for some persons to flourish and produce offspring, changing the genetic aspect of the population over a period of time. In simpler terms as stated “survival of the fittest”. On the other hand this barbaric, for instance; the peacock’s tail, this feature that enhances its beauty for …show more content…
As stated the peacock’s tail was a major attraction to the peahens when it is spread. He further went on and stated that the male competes more mates than of the female, but he gave no reason why this was the case. It even cost them their lives at times. Finally Trivers (1972) explained why this was so, he then went on to explain why male courted and females choose their mates. This was so because female’s high level ‘parental investment’ by the females makes them limiting resource, therefore the males must compete. It is by far and large for a female to consider whom she wants to bring forth her offspring’s with, and I agree with it fully. In my opinion she is the one that contributes more in the investment of her offspring, therefore she have to be very selective of her …show more content…
It was deemed that, the higher the status of the mate the greater his ability to control his resources. In several cultures around the globe, the term ‘high status’ is associated with intelligence, emotional stability and wealth, whereby these are all desirable traits (Furnham 2001). Surprisingly in my culture, most women are not interested in some of these traits. Men, who are different in solving the problem of selecting a mate. They detect high reproductive potential in women by favoring features that indicates youth or fertility. These features comprise of: clear eyes, lustrous hair, clear skin and full lips etc. These features designates that a woman is at her maximum reproductive potential. Although both gender values a particular feature in their mates, female’s level are high, due to adequate investment that are greater on their end. Therefore we see the evolutionary theory play a part whereby ‘survival of the fittest’ where the males compete, and the man with the resources that can provide will avail. This goes back to the animal world, for example the peacock and its tail, attracting the
"Persistent female choice for a particular male trait values should erode genitive variance in male traits and thereby remove the benefits of choice, yet choice persists” (Miller, Christine and Allen Moore). This phenomenon is know as the Lek Paradox and has puzzled scientists for many years. Throughout all species there has been abundant evidence showing continuous female choice of male traits, yet there is still no definite answer as to what allows for genetic variance to be maintained, and why a specific trait never becomes fixed. Many hypotheses have been theorized and researched, all providing some explanation as to how this variance in species is maintained, from traits signaling resistance to parasites, according to Hamilton and Zuk, to the hypothesis of mutational and environmental affects. Condition-dependence can also provide information as to how the lek paradox is able to exist; this hypothesis will be looked at in this paper.
"On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life," usually shortened to "the Origin of Species," is the full title of Charles Darwin's book, first published in 1859, in which Darwin formalized what we know today as the Theory of Evolution. Although Darwin is the most famous exponent of this theory, he was by no means the first person to suspect the workings of evolution. In fact, Charles owed a considerable debt to his grandfather Erasmus, a leading scientist and intellectual, who published a paper in 1794, calledZoonomia, or, The Laws of Organic Life. This set down many of the ideas that his grandson elaborated on 70 years later.
Anyone with even a moderate background in science has heard of Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution. Since the publishing of his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859, Darwin’s ideas have been debated by everyone from scientists to theologians to ordinary lay-people. Today, though there is still severe opposition, evolution is regarded as fact by most of the scientific community and Darwin’s book remains one of the most influential ever written.
Daily and Wilson cite the work of Charles Darwin, who in 1859 published a famous work on the theory of natural selection. The concepts presented in his book were later elaborated in his second work, which dealt with the concept of "sexual selection." Sexual selection according to Darwin's theory, was based on the observation that not all evolutionary adaptations serve a survival function; that in many cases, "a trait might be penalized by 'natural' selection and yet win out by 'sexual' selection." Darwin argued that surviving and living a long life did not ensure reproductive success and therefore an animal's goal of longevity is secondary to its goal of passing on its genes through procreation. These ideas form the foundation for Martin Daly and Margo Wilson's theory.
A psychological mechanism is defined as an adaptation of human behavior that evolved due to evolutionary pressures. This paper focuses on the psychological mechanism of human mating strategies and the evolution of mate preferences. There are several theories to explain how differences in male and female mating strategies developed. This paper explores the parental investment theory, male mating effort as well as the role of different adaptive problems faced by males and females. The traits that humans find attractive in a partner are the ones that confer a reproductive advantage to the individual (Buss, 1994). Early in the literature there is evidence to support the theory that males and females differ in their mate preferences in such a way that males are unselective while females are choosy (Darwin 1871). However, there are also similarities in what each sex finds attractive. It is important to look at how these mating strategies evolved and why adaptive mate preferences continue to exist.
In addition Bateman (1948) suggested that sexual selection is defined by the different levels of investment by each sex to their offspring. Females invest more heavily in offspring as fertilisation, gestation and placentation all occur within...
Sexual selection comes in two forms. One, is direct competition between males for access to females. The other is through the females’ choice among possible mates. (pg. 148) In both types of sexual selection, the males compete for the females. The classic sexual selection arguments that Darwin first presented, were improved when genetics discovered how significant sexual recombination was to genetic variability and speciation. In our class discussion we were asked if animals and humans selected their partners in different ways. I agreed as well as disagreed that we are different in our selection. Humans and animals essentially need the same things, and when looking for a partner there isn’t much of a difference. We all look for the partner with the physical aspects that appeal to another, and for protection, the strongest is typically the best mate in both animal and human worlds. But for humans, emotions come into play, and we also chose on personality. One can have all of the qualifications that are “necessary” in the choosing of a mate, but if their personality does not cohabitate with the other party member, they will not be chosen for a lifelong relationship. Nonetheless, emotional choses may be the only true difference we have to that of
His theory of evolution is “Widely held notion that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor: the birds, bananas, the fish and the flowers—all related. Darwin’s general theory presumes the development of life from non-life and stresses a purely naturalistic (undirected) descent with modification”. That is, complex creatures evolve from more simplistic ancestors, naturally over time. In a nutshell, as random genetic mutations occur within an organism’s genetic code, the beneficial mutations are preserved because they aid survival—a process known as “natural section”. These beneficial mutations are passed on to the next generation. “ Over time, beneficial mutations accumulate and the result is an entirely different organism (not just a variation of the original, but an entirely different
There is no debate that the world's first power of surviving relies on evolution, to a point where one does not have to look outside the box to witness it ... they're sitting on it. Many have mistaken the term "Evolution" with a state of randomness, an improvement or even a biogenesis. Others have related it to the origins of the universe, a social Darwinism that resulted in a massive diversity regarding theory and ideology. While people choose to rest their bodies on a chair in attempt to find an answer to its definition, some have rested their minds and accepted the fact that it only means change over time. It's no question that life on earth is related through common descent and has been changing for a long time, yet the real conflict resides within the people's reactions: Are they or are they not with the change? Charles Darwin, an English naturalist and geologist once said "It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is most adaptable to change". What is normal for a spider for the butterfly might seem insane, hence the diversity amongst all earthly environments witness different opinions, problems and solutions. With people evolving comes the evolution of thoughts, add to that the evolution of the ways of living. However, one does not grow in a stable environment. This is where architecture made space for innovation before becoming one, and in order to be timeless, you need to live timelessly.
Charles Darwin has five parts to his theory of natural selection, firstly the “Geometric increase” which claims that “all living things reproduce in great numbers”, meaning that species may survive but not all will survive because, the resources used for survival for instance ,food will not be enough for all living things. “The struggle for existence” because there is a limited number of resources and can only sustain some and not all, not all living things will survive, however the question lies in which living being will survive?. “Variation” is the third part of natural selection which claims that within those living things there are variations within them that will determine whic...
With the studies that Charles Darwin obtained he published his first work, “The Origin of Species.” In this book he explained how for millions of years animals, and plants have evolved to better help their existence. Darwin reasoned that these living things had gradually changed over time to help themselves. The changes that he found seemed to have been during the process of reproduction. The traits which would help them survive became a dominant trait, while the weaker traits became recessive. A good example of what Darwin was trying to explain is shown in giraffes. Long-necked giraffes could reach the food on the trees, while the short-necked giraffes couldn’t. Since long necks helped the giraffes eat, short-necked giraffes died off from hunger. Because of this long-necks became a dominant trait in giraffes. This is what Charles Darwin would later call natural selection.
On top of natural selection, Charles Darwin also brought to light the idea of sexual selection. Under sexual selection, sex is more important than life itself. There is a powerful urge to pass our genes on to the next generation in many mammals, even humans (1) Many times sexual selection trumps natural selection, where animals possess traits (such as exaggerated plumage or ornaments) that hinder survival but help them win mates against other males. Darwin figured this out and said “perseverance, strength and size of body, weapons of all kinds, musical organs, both vocal and instrumental, bright colors and ornamental appendages, have all been indirectly gained by the one sex or the other, through the exertion of choice, the influence of love
The theory of evolution has shaped the way most modern scientists think today as it is now one of the most supported theory in the world today. “Apes are humans closest relatives”(Evolution 1). As the human race evolve into more intellectual organisms scientists have realized that apes are the closest relatives to the humans. Evidence has been discovered by more than just humans and apes, amphibious organisms have evolved from fish, insects evolve from other insects. Much more evidence has been discovered and there is still more to discover. Although uncovered fossils have not proven that evolution is true, it can be proven through scientific research, physical or behavioral changes in organisms, and Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution centres on the idea that species compete to survive, and favorable characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. Darwin said that evolution took place by a process of natural selection or survival of the fittest. This meant that the animals and plants best suited to their surroundings survived and were able to pass on their genes to their offspring. The ones that weren't best suited died off and didn't get the chance to reproduce. Animals and plants had to change or evolve due to environmental pressures.
Nancy Etcoff, According to evolutionary considerations on a theoretical level females experience higher risk than males in opposite-sex interactions because they have the higher investment in the offspring. Since females invest more per offspring, their potential fertility is lower than that of males. Females are thus the limiting factor in reproduction and males have to compete for them. Females in turn choose among males. In humans, sex differences are most prominent in the role that status and physical attractiveness play in mate selection. Females value men's socioeconomic status, with social position, prestige, wealth and s...