Characteristics of Romanticism in the History of Art.

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Characteristics of Romanticism in the History of Art.

To characterise Romanticism within the fine arts one must

consider the historical background from which this movement

manifested, as it plays such an influential role in the Romantic

artist's development of subject matter and style. The movement itself

began around the beginning of the 19th century, and is often dated

1775 – 1830 it is important to note that this was a period of change

and revolution in human rights, and the main countries this movement

manifested in were Germany, Britain and in France during the French

Revolution of 1789. This political and cultural revolution had a major

affect on all of the arts as well as the visual arts; as artists began

to revolt against Neo-Classical and academic traditions and look

inwards into their own experience and imagination. Imagination is one

of the most prominent themes in the Romantic Movement as artists began

to direct their attention towards subjects other than the rigid

definitions of genres within the academic world of painting, and also

to the simplicity of the Medieval artists. Instead, artists turned to

literature (especially poetry), political and historical events as

well as individual and imaginative styles of depicting this subject

matter. This essay will aim to highlight and describe the

manifestation of these themes, within this period, through the

observation of the artist's work that is linked to the Movement.

The artists of the Romantic Movement, as suggested, no longer

wanted to be constrained to the proscribed theories and practices of

the Academies; who thought that everything that needed to be learned

could be done so by observing the Roman Masters, and wished to create

their own imaginative responses equalizing them with the authors and

poets of the Romantic Literary Movement. One form of imaginative

response, which manifested in this change of thinking about the visual

arts, was the way in which many of these artists looked towards

literature for inspiration; in effect creating paintings that depicted

a new manner of pictorial narrating. One artist who combined these

themes of literature and the visual arts, producing visions in the

vein of poetic imagery was William Blake (1757-1827). These

connections are especially distinct in paintings such as "The Ancient

of Days" completed in 1794 as a vi...

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...ation of the

myth. The composition of this painting is reminiscent of Géricault's

"The Raft of the Medusa" through the unusual use of the pyramidal

structure and also the way in which the bodies are splayed about the

painting communicating the chaos of the event; the evil king at the

tip of the apex leads the viewers eye straight to the cause of all

this suffering, it is suggested that the painting also influenced

Delacroix. Delacroix himself wrote that Byron's poetry "awoke in him

the insatiable desire to create" summing up the general mood in which

the Romantics felt free to trust their own creativity and talents

after the age of the Revolution.

The two key topics to consider when defining Romanticism are both

its themes and its dates. Romantic elements include themes that link

to nature and the natural, exploring human psychology through the

study of the individual and the natural order of the world. The visual

images that manifested from these subjects included an equally

powerful depiction of nature versus man, the forgotten suffering of

historical events, indeed most subjects that had a strong impression

and emotional influence on the artist's imagination.

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