Each student in a classroom can and very well may have different characteristics, so all students characteristics are different in some way. Some students’ may have characteristics that help them as readers in a classroom and some may have characteristics that hinder them as readers in a classroom. It is vitally important for a teacher to learn the characteristics of each student in order to present reading as something important for all the students in their class. There are two theories that I want to discuss, they are Schema Theory and Transactional Theory of Reading. Schema is the information that a student walks into the classroom with. This is the background knowledge the student has on the subject that is being taught in the classroom …show more content…
Teachers are able to see what the students know prior to teaching anything. Gaining insight of the background knowledge of the individual student allows the teacher to see the knowledge each student has. The teacher first decides which topic they will present to the class. The teacher will then create a KWL chart, each student will receive a chart as well as the teacher will have one on the board. Next the teacher will ask the students to think about the words associated with the topic, and record in the K column. The teacher then asks the students to think about what they want to learn about the topic and record their thoughts in the W column. The L column is used for during or after reading. The teacher lets the students fill out the L column and they discuss the information in the L column as a whole class …show more content…
Developing content vocabulary and concepts lets teachers help students understand the vocabulary that will be encountered in the text that is going to be read in a class. According to Cohen (2012) “By learning how to comprehend the terminology and vocabulary they encounter, they become better able to grasp the underlying concepts” (p. 72). This is true in the field of science since there are several concepts that are much easier to grasp when the vocabulary is sensible to the student. Therefore, some of the vocabulary in this context could be difficult for some students to understand since these may be words that some of the students may have never encountered before. According to Fisher & Frey (2012) “knowing a word involves more than definition;it also means understanding its use in relation to the context” (p. 40). This is making sure the students know more than just the standard definition of a word, the student needs to know the context the word is being used in as well. Furthermore, after students understand this, reading the text for the specific class may better sense to students. The pre reading strategy I would use in a science class to teach the types of rock would be a Semantic Feature Analysis. The SFA steps that would be used are, the teacher would think of the topic for the SFA. The next step would be for the teacher to create a graphic organizer with the types of rock on the left side and the characteristics of rocks on the top. Students will receive the
With such high numbers of adolescents falling below basic in reading, illiteracy is a battle that must be fought head on. The largest dilemma with the struggle is the number of variations that cause adolescents to become reluctant, unmotivated or struggling readers. Fortunately, a large number of strategies exist to encourage and strengthen readers of all ages, proving that adolescence is not a time to give up on faltering students. Rather, it is a time to evaluate and intervene in an effort to turn a reluctant reader into an avid one (or near enough). Ultimately, educators must learn to properly assess a student’s strengths and weaknesses (Curtis, 2009) and pair them with the proper intervention techniques. If one method does not work, countless others exist to take its place.
In the essay, “On the Presumption of Knowing How to Read”, by John Guilliory, He emphasizes the lack of articulation on reading in college. Guillory states “Upward of forty percent of college freshmen are directed to remedial classes of some kind in their first year” (qtd by Guillory 8). He claims that freshmen in college are put in remedial class for writing because the lack of understanding of what they are reading. He also states that many students that are not in remedial classes may also lack the interpretive skill. He has seen many students just be able to paraphrase and give an unobjectionable comprehension of the reading. Guillory states that not being able to move beyond simple understanding seems as if there is a resistance to reading. Guillory suggests that we need to learn the conceptual break in reading.
Overall, teachers need to take into account all six critical areas of reading when teaching. No matter the subject or time constraints, teachers need to incorporate all areas into the curriculum. Reading is a complex process. If a student does not know to read, a student will never to be able to achieve their best. When using all six areas teachers are using a balanced literacy approach and create greater success for students to succeed in reading and writing.
These theories, methods, assessments along with the evidence of success in reading at home make it clear that it is extremely important we try our hardest to support literacy in every child. All students can learn. It’s just a matter of making materials interesting and relevant to them, challenging them (but not to hard), and supporting them along the way.
During the lesson the teacher is allowing the students to discuss and think about what is occurring in the story. The teacher is implementing this by allowing and allocating time for debriefing in between the story. By doing thing the teacher gives the students the opportunity to use their KWL Charts throughout the lesson just in case something has been answered, or if a new idea were to appear. Moreover the students are also allowed to use their writing journal for note taking during this story. This allows the students to go back in their journals to recall events and important
As indicated by Ziegler and Goswami (2005), reading is the process of understanding and making sense of speech or written down thoughts. The initial goal of reading is to gain access to the meaning of sentences. To achieve reading student must learn the letters used by their society for representing speech or thoughts as series of visual symbols and they also found that the critical characteristic to develop reading depends on phonological consciousness. Ziegler and Goswami (2005) focused on the psycholinguistic grain size theory, reading acquisition and...
Constructivism is a theory of learning that emphasizes the active construction of knowledge by individuals. Inquiry of learning is a theory developed by Dewey in which it emphasizes the development of student’s cognitive abilities such as reasoning and decision making. Inquiry theory, is reflected in reading instruction by having children choose their own vocabulary, asking their own thought provoking questions and giving them the opportunity to construct their own meaning. Schemata theory strives to explain how knowledge is created and used by the learners. In reading instruction schemata can be observe as a child tries to understand a story by using past personal experience to relate to concepts in the story. Transitional response theory is the notion that all readers have unique background schemata. In transitional theory all readers will have a different response to the text. Psycholinguistic theory is the study of the relationships between linguistic behavior and psychological processes including the process of language acquisition. In reading it helps the readers make predictions about what the text say based on their knowledge in these areas. Metacognition is the process of thinking about one’s own thinking. In reading metacognition helps reading comprehension. Engagement theory seeks to articulate the differences between engaged and disengaged readers. In reading, engagement theory is best seen when children are motivated to read and are constantly reading or
Strategies necessary to comprehend informational text are different from those needed to comprehend literature (source), and since adults primarily read informational texts, these skills will be beneficial as students grow older (Kane, 2008). Moreover, since prior knowledge is necessary to understand texts (source), each subject requires its own reading skills.
Teacher knowledge has always been the basis to an effective learning experience. Without a knowledgeable teacher, students are not able to receive a quality educational experience. This pillar encompasses the influence teachers have on student learning and achievement, possession of research based knowledge, and effective teaching practices. I thrive to be educated and knowledgeable on the information presented to my students. By having a variety of teaching techniques that work and I use often in my classroom, I am able to mold my instruction around student needs and provide efficient and
In this experiment we replicated a study done by Bransford and Johnson (1972). They conducted research on memory using schemas. All human beings possess categorical rules or scripts that they use to interpret the world. New information is processed according to how it fits into these rules, called schemas. Bransford and Johnson did research on memory for text passages that had been well comprehended or poorly comprehended. Their major finding was that memory was superior for passages that were made easy to comprehend. For our experiment we used two different groups of students. We gave them different titles and read them a passage with the intentions of finding out how many ideas they were able to recall. Since our first experiment found no significant difference, we conducted a second experiment except this time we gave the title either before or after the passage was read. We found no significant difference between the title types, but we did find a significant difference between before and after. We also found a significant title type x presentation interaction. We then performed a third experiment involving showing objects before and after the passage was read. There we did encountersome significant findings. The importance and lack of findings is discussed and we also discuss suggestions for future studies, and how to improve our results.
My role as an instructor was to make my students engage with reading as a constant practice not just in the language they were learning, but also in Spanish. Despite the constraints of a given curriculum, I managed to offer my students an environment where they were exposed to multiple reading strategies and practices. I promoted open discussions about the topics my students were interested to read about. However, through this experience, I was not able to identify struggling readers. I thought that if the reader is struggling, the best way to overcome this difficulty is by reading more.
...ents to make a good reader. Therefore, without a certain piece of reading students skills the scaffolding is unstable. Due to a student’s faulty scaffolding, reading does not work cohesive to make the end product a successfully understood story. This concerns me. If I feel like they are falling behind on these skills and their other teachers, my colleagues, are not teaching them these skills, I will and do my best at making it appropriate for my class. Without reading skills, they will be faced with horrible ramifications from their problems to comprehend and understand the vocabulary words they see in their textbooks.
Reading is a complex process that’s difficult to explain linearly. A student’s reading capabilities begin development long before entering the school setting and largely start with exposure (Solley, 2014). The first remnants of what children are able to do in terms of reading are built from their parents and other people and object around them as they’re read to, spoken to, and taken from place to place to see new things (Solley, 2014). As kids are exposed to more and more their noises quickly turn into intentional comprehensible messages and their scribbling begins to take the form of legible text as they attempt to mimic the language(s) they’re exposed to daily.
While I believe every child is a reader, I do not believe every child will be enthralled with reading all the time. All students have the capability to read and enjoy reading, but just like any other hobby, interest will vary from student to student. The students in my classroom will be encouraged in their reading, be provided with choice, taught how books can take you into another world but, my students will not be forced to read. This paper will illustrate my philosophy of reading through the theories I relate to, the way I want to implement reading and writing curriculum, and the methods I will use motivate my students to read and help them become literate.
“Is There a Text in This Class?” by Stanley Fish, discusses that there can be more than one meaning to a text. One of Fish’s first points was that people usually make assumptions of a meaning based on context and their personal experiences. Context is usually embedded within the language, so people must decode the meaning through how they interpret the context. Fish mentions that people tend to always go with the meaning that is most accessible and that their interpretation of the meanings of a text will be ranked according to the situation.