When a firm wants to take on long term debt, there are two main sources that it might consider. It can certainly borrow from its bank and obtain a loan in the traditional way, by signing a loan agreement or promissory note. It can also borrow directly from the market by issuing bonds. So, let 's take a look at what bonds are and some of their main features and characteristics. At its simplest, a bond is a financial instrument, issued by the firm the represents its intentions to borrow for the long term and its promise to repay.
This is certainly not a new type of instrument; they have been around for a very long time. Let 's take a look at an early example. Here is a bond that was issued in 1623 by the Dutch East India Company in the amount of 2400 Florence. This is by no means the earliest bond ever, but it is the earliest one that I could find a picture of. Let 's consider other than companies like this, who is issuing bonds in the market
…show more content…
A mortgage bond has some kind of collateral associated with it, just like your mortgage loan to buy a house, has the house as collateral, a mortgage bond is going to have some type of collateral securitizing it. A convertible bond is able to be converted into a set number of common shares of the issuing company and that is part described in the indenture of how many shares the bond would convert into.
So, it gives the owner the opportunity to swap out their bond for some number of common shares. It could go from being a creditor to being an investor, an equity owner, if they choose to convert their bonds. Callable bonds, on the other hand, can be retired before its maturity date, at the option of the issuing company. Now, a convertible bond gets converted into common stock at the option of the bond holder. A callable bond can be retired early and that is the decision of the issuing
Collateral for the defaulted loan. Distressed real estate involves making a distressed purchase. According to Financial Crisis (2011), “[A] distressed purchase is whereby the property owners are usually in a foreclosure/short sale situation.” Foreclosure applies to a residential real estate loan in which a bank or creditor repossesses a home because of nonpayment. The institution will legally possess the right to resell the property as collateral for the defaulted loan. The selling price can be sold at a price equal to or greater than the original loan. The reason distressed properties can be bought at a lower price is the institution has already received a series of payments toward the original home loan. In many situations the lender can sell the house for a lower cost than the normal market value, leaving the buyer the opportunity to make a purchase at a lower selling price than market value and reselling the property at a profit (Demand Media, 2011).
Stein, J. (1992). Convertible Bonds As Backdoor Equity Financing. Retrieved on June 12, 2006, from the World Wide Web at: http://www.financeprofessor.com/summaries/Stein1992ConvBond%20paper.htm.
What is a bond? Bonds are often considered by investors to be “financial IOU's.” Frequently, bonds are issued from banks designed for quick, upfront cash used in lending purposes, such as loans. When purchasing a bond, the buyer pays an upfront sum of money to the seller. By the terms and conditions...
The first type implies fixed rates. The advantage of this type of mortgage lies in the fact that you know ahead of time what you’ll be paying monthly. The disadvantage is that while your debt decreases over time, the monthly rate you have to pay remains the same.
Flawed financial innovations: the implementation of innovations in investment instruments such as derivatives, securitization and auction-rate securities before markets. The indispensable fault in them is that it was difficult to determine their prices. “Originate to distribute securities” was substituted by securitization which facilitated the increase in ...
Organizations that decide to issue bonds generally go through a series of steps. Discuss the six steps.
The subprime mortgage crisis is an ongoing event that is affecting buyers who purchased homes in the early 2000s. The term subprime mortgage refers to the many home loans taken out during a housing bubble occurring on the US coast, from 2000-2005. The home loans were given at a subprime rate, and have now lead to extensive foreclosures on home loans, and people having to leave their homes because they can not afford the payments. (Chote) The cause and effect of this crisis can be broken down into five major reasons.
Debt financing has both advantages and disadvantages. Debt financing is a business’ way to start up, expand, or recover by borrowing money from a preson or company. The money borrowed has to be paid back along with the interest that was accrued during the length of time the loan was carried out. This option is great for company’s that do not want investors. Debt financing is beneficial because the loaners do not often get involved with the company or any decision making within the company. The downfall is the risk that is assumed with the debt which is, the company may not be able to pay back the loaner. In that case, the loaner would go after the owner or partner personally. There are many forms of debt a company is allowed to take on, such as ‘venture’ debt, even if they are a high-risk corporation. ‘Venture’ debt is a form of senior debt ...
Mortgage loans are a substantial form of revenue for the financial industry. Mortgage loans generate billions of dollars in the financial industry. It is no secret that companies have the ability to make a lot of money by offering a variety of mortgage loan products. The problem was not mortgage loans but that mortgage companies were using unethical behavior to get consumer mortgage loans approved. Unfortunately, the Countrywide Financial case was not an isolated case. Many top name mortgage companies have been guilty of unethical behavior. Just as the American housing market was starting to recover from its worst battering since the Great Depression, a new scandal, an epidemic of flawed or fraudulent mortgage documents, threatens to send not just the housing market but the entire economy back into a tailspin (Nation, 2010).
A stock is a share of a public corporation that is traded in the open market. It is how a corporation raises its’ capital to expand their business and ability to produce goods or services. There are two types of stock: common and preferred stocks. The difference is how an investor receives a dividend. Both stocks give a person a piece of ownership of a corporation with the hope that there is a return on their investment.
Debt capital refers to money borrowed. Examples of this include bonds and short-term commercial paper. Bonds are more widely used because it provides a company with years to come up with the principal while paying interest only. Bonds are rated (i.e. AAA, AA, BB, etc.), these ratings correspond to the risk of default. The higher the rating, the lower likelihood of default and therefore a lower interest rate accepted by the lender. Short-term commercial paper is typically...
Zero coupon municipal bonds combine the benefits of the zero coupon instrument with those of tax-exempt municipal securities and offer the following advantages:
Ip, Paula. "Catastrophe Bonds: The Birth of a New Asset Class." Theasset.com. The Asset, 28 May 2012. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. .
Issue Commercial Papers – It is identified in (Short Term Finance:Commercial Paper, 2008) that a commercial paper is simply unsecured short-term debt instrument issued by an organization for meeting short-term liabilities. An advantage of issuing commercial papers is that only companies with high credit ratings can do so, therefore, a company like MRM can enjoy the prestige with such an issuance. Also it is cheaper than a bank loan as it has low interest rates. However a disadvantage could be that there are no flexibilities with regard to repayments and that it lacks liquidity as it cannot be cashed before the maturity date.
A mortgage is a form of debt, secured by the warranty of a specific real estate property. The borrower is required to pay back the debt in predetermined payments. The most common reason for acquiring a mortgage is to purchase real estate when it cannot be paid for up front. The homebuyer, in a residential mortgage, pledges their home to the bank. Over a period of years, the borrower pays back the loan with interest. Once the mortgage is paid in entirety, the owner retains the property free of any charges. However, in case of foreclosure, the bank has an entitlement on the house, as a form of insurance should the buyer default on repaying the mortgage. The bank can then sell the house, and use the capital to pay back the remaining mortgage.