TERMINOLOGY
CLINICAL CLARIFICATION
• Group of injuries involving the neck due to a rapid, forceful, backwards motion6
• May involve the following: 6
○ Injury to vertebral and paravertebral structures (fractures, dislocations, ligamentous tears, and disc disruption/subluxation) ○ Spinal cord injury (traumatic central cord syndrome secondary to cord compression or vascular insult)
○ Vascular injury (vertebral artery or carotid artery dissection)
○ Soft tissue injury around cervical spine (cervical strain/sprain)
CLASSIFICATION
• Cervical Injury classification25
○ Major cervical injury
– Radiographic or CT evidence of instability with or without associated or potential localized or central neurologic findings 25
□ Presence of:
□ Displacement of more than 2 mm
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– Screening tool to diagnose vertebral and carotid artery dissection and/or injury after blunt head and neck trauma
(blunt cerebrovascular injury)
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• Most common
○ Degenerative cervical spine disease
– Presents with axial neck pain and neurological complications such as radiculopathy and myelopathy
– No history of trauma is a differentiating feature
– Cervical spine radiograph shows degenerative disc or joint
– Cervical MRI shows bone destruction, nerve compression, or intradural/epidural process
○ Non-traumatic neck pain
– Presents with symptoms caused by secondary infection (pain with fever), neoplasia, or inflammation (arthritis)
– No history of trauma is a differentiating feature
– Cervical spine radiograph, CT scan or MRI show bony destruction, neoplastic lesions, vertebral osteomyelitis
– Laboratory findings of blood test include erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein which are elevated in infection, malignancy or arthritis; and CBC shows elevated WBC in infection
Cervical hyperextension injuries
TREATMENT
GOALS
• To relieve symptoms and stabilize spinal column and fracture
• Correct hypotension if present
• To prevent neurological deterioration and permanent disability
Valani, R., Mikrogianakis, A., & Goldman, R. (2004). Cardiac concussion (commotio cordis). Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2004(6), 428-430.
a) Urinalysis with significantly increased amounts of blood (via dipstick and sediment), protein, and leukocytes as well as slightly increased bilirubin and slightly decreased pH;
The car accident could damage ones spinal cord if it was crushed or hit hard enough. If the spinal cord is severed, the peripheral nerves may detach from the spinal cord. Detachment may lead to pressure applied by other organs or bones. The wreck may cause broken bones that would compress the spi...
requiered to determine treatment. Lab tests or imaging is often requiered as well. It’s chronic,
J.P., a 58 year old female, presents to the Emergency Room on March 18th. She has a past medical history of cervical cancer, atheroembolism of the left lower extremity, fistula of the vagina, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, glaucoma, GERD, depression, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and sickle cell anemia. She complains of right lower extremity pain accompanied by fatigue, a decreased appetite, increased work of breathing, burning on urination, and decreased urine output for three days.
Trauma nursing is a rewarding career that is financially beneficial, allows you to work in high intensity situations, and is appropriate for people with a personality where they have the ability to remain calm in high stress situations. In trauma nursing a beginner is already making quite a bit of money while being able to do things such as saving people’s lives. It’s a job that involves working in situations where it depends on a person and their team to save a person and it’s important to be to stay calm and respond adequately to the situation. Trauma nursing is an eye-opening career that, if you can handle it, will really enjoy.
warm) in the left upper and lower extremities; decreased strength and movement of the right upper and lower extremities and of the left abdominal muscles; lack of triceps and biceps reflexes in the right upper extremity; atypical response of patellar, Achilles (hyper) reflexes in the right lower extremity; abnormal cremasteric reflex in the right groin; fracture in cervical vertebrae #7; and significant swelling in the C7-T12 region of the spinal canal (Signs and symptoms, n.d.). The objective complaint of a severe headache could also be consistent with a spinal cord injury (Headache, nausea, and vomiting,
-“Find evidence of damage in at least two separate areas of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves AND
..., Ducker, T.B., ….. Young, W. (1997). International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: International Medical Society of Paraplegia, 35, 266 – 274.
Central Nervous System: He doesn’t have any parasthesia and no experienced of unconscious or fits. He doesn’t have any weakness of limbs and no hearing problems as well as visual disturbance.
The current patient may be experiencing a range of traumatic injuries after his accident, the injuries that the paramedic will focus on are those that are most life threatening. These injuries include: a possible tension pneumothroax or a haemothorax, hypovolemic shock, a mild or stable pelvic fracture and tibia fibula fracture.
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: Empyema, Hemoptysis, Necrotizing pneumonia, Aspergillosis (Aspergillus fumigatus) cachexia secondary to malnutrition/infection, hypothyroidism, Diabetes Type II melitius , and...
This is an overview of the spinal deformation called Scoliosis. What Scoliosis is as a whole, as well as a breif mention of other spinal deformations that are in a similar catagory as Scoliosis. The causes of scoliosis, and how it develops in people who suffer from the deformation. How Scoliosis is diagnosed and the symptoms it causes people to suffer in cases that are both mild and severe; are all topics that'll be covered.
The patient has high temperature-sign of fever, a very fast pulse rate (tachycardia), and chest wheezing when listened to using a stethoscope (Harries, Maher, & Graham, 2004, p.