1. Introduction
Tourism industry is always faced with the impact of external factors on its internal environment, but not always, these impacts can be clear assessment. Natural phenomena are rarely capable to control. Cataclysms have a huge impact on the economy and the tourism industry. Natural catastrophes have a negative impact on the tourist industry, scaring off tourists from visiting those or other countries. Over the years all these disasters directly have influence on the tourism and hospitality. Touristic agencies should take measures to preserve stability in this industry. The main task of every country is to ensure the safety of tourists, because without it, they would not have demand in tourist industry.
2. Influents of natural catastrophes on tourism
2.1 Cataclysm in ancient world
Since ancient times, many people travel, but the main causes for their traveling was not fun, business, leisure or something like that, it was trade, pilgrimage and sports, however in all times cataclysms were the reason for decrease of tourism in particular place. For example all knows about the strong eruption of Mount Vesuvius at result of which city Pompey was wiped out. Before that cataclysm the city was attractive to visit, but after that it was no longer touristic destination.
2.2 Touristic crisis after earthquake in Japan in 2011
Catastrophe are those natural cataclysms that change the face of the Earth. These are: an earthquake, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, tornadoes, floods, landslides, global climate has changed etc... After any catastrophes country's tourism industry experiences a severe recession. Greatly reduced flow foreigner and profits from tourism. This happened for example in March 11, 2011, it was one of the strongest ...
... middle of paper ...
... faced and continues to face sleet , hail, frost , lightning, landslides , desertification , forest and peat fires , rains , mudslides , tornadoes , snowfall , typhoons , cyclones moving sharply . 90% of natural disasters related to weather phenomena. Most experts believe the main cause of global warming disasters as a result of human activities. People due to objective reasons tend to change holiday geographical areas, for example, instead of snowless Carpathians they go to Poland and Slovakia.
• America.
Most frequent in the Americas in the 2000s began to floods and hurricanes. Element usually affects the territory of several states - this is particularly true for the Caribbean and Pacific waters. Major disasters have become a hurricane "Katrina", flooded the August 29, 2005 New Orleans (Florida, USA), [1] and a devastating earthquake January 12, 2010 in Haiti.
There needs to be a reduction in emissions, yet we cannot focus on this aspect of global warming alone. There are many indicators that climatic change is influencing the frequency and intensity of natural catastrophes. If scientific global climate models are accurate, the present problems will be magnified in the near future. Already scientists have observed that more than 75% of the recent economic losses are caused by natural hazards, which can be attributed to wind storms, floods, droughts and other climate-related hazards. In the year 2008, the U.S. state of Iowa was on the front pages of newspapers all around the world.
Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, taxes, and community attitude. It is essential for a balance on array of impacts that may either positively or negatively affect the resident communities. Different groups are concerned about different tourism impacts that affect them in one way or another. Tourism’s benefits can be increased by use of specific plans and actions. These can also lead to decrease in the gravity of negative impacts. Communities will not experience every impact but instead this will depend on particular natural resources, development, or spatial patterns (Glen 1999).
Mega disasters, by definition are unexpected natural or man-made catastrophes of exceptional magnitude and/or causing unusually severe or unprecedented damage Ever since the beginning of time, mega disasters have shaped the planet. Even during the period of dinosaurs, mega disasters have caused our world to evolve. Mega disasters may even have contributed to the evolution of our species. Even though our existence may be the cause of them happening, not all have been beneficial.
There are many causes and consequences of climate change discussed throughout this Encyclical. One of the most important would be the extreme weather. “In recent decades this warming has been accompanied by a constant rise in the sea level and, it would appear, by an increase of extreme weather events, even if a scientifically determined cause
In early 2001, The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) released a report of the three most likely disasters to hit the United States. Among these likely disasters to hit the United States, one of them was a hurricane striking New Orleans, the other two; a terrorist attack on New York City and a major earthquake hitting San Francisco.(course pack) However, very little was done to prepare for the deadly storm that would four years later leave New Orleans in a devastated mess.
Modern tourism encompasses a growing number of new destinations and such dynamics have turned tourism into a key driver for socio-economic progress. Apart from tourism impacting the domestic markets, it plays a significant role on a global level.
· Terrorism and other factors have a major impact on the tourism and travel industry. Security for the tourists and visitors is a major concern to the tourism and travel industry. With no specialized security personnel and no security assessment of the industry’s site and personnel, there is a tendency that the industry may face major economic losses in the near future.
Tourism is playing an important role in the economy of a country as well as now, these days it is growing in European countries and increasing the economy of European economy and world economy. As a result the living standard of people rise, an increasing proportion of income is spent on leisure travel and other elements
"A disaster is any natural or human-made incident that causes disruption, destruction, or devastation requiring external assistance" (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014, p. 248). Disasters can range from a house fire that affects one family to a bioterrorism act that involves thousands of people. Natural disasters have increased in the United States due to urbanization and overcrowding of cities."Projections suggest that by 2050, at least 46% of the world 's population will leave in areas vulnerable to natural floods, earthquakes, and severe storms" (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014, p. 249). Some examples of natural disasters are tornados, hurricanes, and blizzards. Additionally, human-made disasters have increased from the stressors of being overcrowded.
Of all the effects of global warming, the extreme weather that is taking place all over the world is the most obvious one. Global warming will bring more heat waves, drought, fiercer wildfires and stronger hurricanes. “This intensification of weather and climate extremes will be the most visible impact of global warming in our everyday lives” (75 yrs NWF). Due to rising temperatures, places everywhere will be affected as we get more extremely hot summer days and lesser winters. In addition, as these rising temperatures shifts the cycle of rain and increases evaporation, there will be longer and drier droughts which in turn can lower the water supply for life everywhere. Wildfires can turn out to be even more catastrophic due to warmer temperatures and drier areas combined with accumulated levels of fuel loads in the forest which has built up as a result of decades of fire suppression activities. Moreover, stronger hurricanes are also an effect of global warming as sea levels are rising and heavier rains are falling near the coasts. Overall, global warming is bringing climates that are changing real fast.
Nowadays in the rea of globalization, according to the World Tourism Organization, “seven hundred million people travelled abroad in 2003”, and the number is estimated to increase to 1.6 billion by 2020. (International Labour Organization, 2005). Tourism is spreading in unusual places. A lot of people want to be in the midst of adventure. It is a vital source of revenues for the GDP of many countries. I partially agree that tourism hugely benefits the local community. This essay will discuss some of the economic, social and environment effect of tourism on the host community.
Because of quality in travel and tourism the economically so many people are depend on that like restaurants , tourist guides etc..
Tourism is an important and intricate element to society. It affects economical, social, cultural and environmental elements. Tourism can be argued to have a negative impact on the environment and decrease our already depleting resources, but tourism can also be argued to be a major contributor to strengthening economies, spread cultural traditions and improve people’s lives. Tourism
The uncontrolled tourism increase is threatening many natural areas around the world.with the uncontrollable levels of tourism this can put great deal of pressure on an area, andthis could end up leading to negative environmental impacts on the air and the water quality, thevegetation,the soil.the wild life and the possible job opportunities.
Tourism is the one of economic and social activities that increasingly vital. Number of travellers domestic and international is increasing. In fact, several countries in present world develop tourism sectors as primary sector which generate national income. According to Salah Wahab and Cooper (2003). Tourism is also sector which involves role that mutually link between government, private sector and also public.