1.1 Research Background
Dessert is a typically sweet course that concludes an evening meal. The course usually consists of sweet foods. In world cultures there are a wide variety of desserts including cakes, tarts, cookies, biscuits, gelatins, pastries, ice creams, pies, puddings, custards, and sweet soups (Alija and Talent, 2012). Kelantan is famous for desserts such as kuih akok, kuih tahi itik, kuih cekmek molek, tepung pelita, pengat pisang and a number of other sweet desserts. The desserts here are heavily influenced by the Thai dessert. The interesting fact about Kelantanese dessert compared to those from other Malaysian states, are other than the well known creativeness and innovativeness, is the use of a lot of eggs and sugar ( Maz,
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Subsequently, during distribution and storage, the conditions will be favourable for certain organisms to multiply and cause spoilage. Spoilage by microorganism can be delayed by lowering the storage temperature and proper location (Forsythe, 2010). Contamination is mainly associated with improper handling of cooked or processed foods, followed by storage under conditions which allow growth of microbes. Air, dust, and food contact surfaces can also serve as vehicles in the transfer of microbes to foods ( Argudín et al., 2010). Microbes play a crucial role in food resources, and are also responsible for direct loss of much food through food spoilage and contamination ( Marwaha, 2007). Milk, sugar, starch, flour, rice, spice and sweeteners used in the production of desserts create suitable atmosphere for microorganism and cause to reproduce bacterium, mould and yeasts. Moreover water used in the time of production, equipments, packing materials, microorganisms caused by workers and preserving conditions are among effective factors on the development of microorganisms (Secim et al., …show more content…
The growth requirements of the principal food borne pathogens are related to oxygen, temperature, pH, and water activity of the food (Wallace et al., 2011). Food borne disease is one of the public health problem causing a significant impact on economic and trade in Malaysia and others developing country (Rocourt et al., 2003). Food borne disease defined as any illness resulting from the consumption of foods or beverages contaminated with one or more of disease producing agents such as bacteria, parasites, viruses, fungi and others. Food borne diseases occur as the results of ingestion of foodstuffs contaminated with microorganisms or chemicals. The contamination of food may occur at any stage in the process from the food production until consumption and can also result from environmental contamination including pollution of water, soil and air. These diseases are cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, dysentery and food poisoning and mainly related to poor sanitation. That may lead to permanent health problem and disability. Food poisoning can cause death if not treated at early stage (Sharifa et al., 2013). Food and water borne diseases (FWBD) particularly typhoid fever are one of the important health issues in Kelantan. Poor environmental sanitation, poor cases and carrier management, and unhygienic food handling are among known contributory
Many children around the world , especially in third world countries suffer many bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal system as a result of lack of awareness and the spread of the disease in the less attention to hygiene and the environment . In order to explain this word gastrointestinal tract infection , especially the stomach and intestines , it can result from infection by bacteria or virus or other parasites (1) . Some of the causes of inflammation as a result of eating food poisoning , especially meat and eggs . However , some symptoms of severe cases are headache , nausea , vomiting , general weakness , diarrhea and pain , the illness begins suddenly with high fever , vomiting , abdominal pain and stool liquid to water that may contain some blood and mucus . The result of drought through loss of fluids and salts and lead an alliance with the poisoning to the collapse of the circulatory system in diseases such as cholera (2) . It must be conducted in diagnosing bacterial to find the source of infection because it causes illness and death of millions in the third world and in particularly children as mentioned . In this report will refer to the most common types of bacteria cause gastrointestinal tract infection for example , Shigella , Salmonella , Vibrio and Campylobacter (3) . First of all , Shigella is gram negative , nonmotile , non lactose fermenting and H2S production . There are four important species , S. sonnei , S. flexneri , S. boydii and S. dysenteriae is the most serious . Next is Salmonella which is gram negative as well , non lactose fermenting and production H2S . These species are S. typhi and S. paratyphi found in humans and animals . Finally , Campylobacter is gram negati...
Furthermore, food safety is a major issue in the United States. Foodborne illness has caused an estimated 1 and 6 Americans to be sickened, 128,000 hospitalizations, and cause 3,000 deaths each year (http://www.sustainabletable.org/). These numbers may seem shocking, but they are all too real. All of the high levels
Salmonella is one of the most common food-borne diseases that attack an enormous amount of people in poor countries every year. It is shown that “Today, it still attacks some 17 million people in poor countries each year, and kills about 600,000 of them. Back before antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, typhoid was very much feared” (Trek 1). Despite the advance in technology and medicine, Salmonella is
Eating Kosher is a practice that is associated with the religion of Judaism. Kosher in Hebrew means “fit or “proper”, in terms of food it means that the item meets the dietary requirements of Jewish Law. (KOF-K.org). The main pillars of which are no eating pork, no eating shellfish, and no mixing meat and dairy together. The animals are also slaughtered in a more humane way, and the food is prepared specially. (Shapiro) My informant, Rachel, is a conservative Jew who adheres to the principles of being Kosher. While it adds restrictions to her diet, Rachel does it for religious and family reasons.
There are numerous types of bacteria that can be found in every environment. Each bacterium has different morphology which includes shape, texture and pigment production. These bacteria also have different food requirements which are important in being able to identify a microorganism. Microorganisms are a diverse group containing all bacteria a single cell prokaryotic organism that is found in every type of environment, archea single cell microorganism that lacks nuclei and almost all microorganisms are protozoa a unicellular eukaryotic organism. By identifying the causative agent of a bacterium within an individual, an antibiotic can be developed to prevent health issues. Microorganisms are also used to make certain food products for human consumption. An example of this would be the production of yogurt. It has probiotics that help with digestive abnormalities amongst other things. Probiotics are microorganisms that are consumed to provide health benefits in the body. Probiotics work by replacing the disturbed microbe with ones that are useful to digest. With the methods that wer...
Salmonella typhoid bacteria have over 100 strains in the world today. Most cause illness in humans, but only a few of those strains cause the illness Typhoid Fever (Pike, 2014). Typhoid is a bacterium that has been very devastating to the human race for centuries. Typhoid thrives in undeveloped countries and countries with high populations and poor sanitation procedures. But, it is still a relevant disease here in the United States because of its ease of spread once someone is infected (Pollack, 2003). Antibiotic treatment is usually successful when treating Typhoid Fever, but it still has the ability to cause death, even with treatment of advanced medicine and antibiotics. When one thinks of salmonella, they will most commonly think of a food borne illness (food poisoning symptoms) caused by eating raw or undercooked animal products such as undercooked chicken or pork. That is the effect of some strains of the bacteria, but not the one that causes typhoid fever (Pike, 2014).
What is Foodborne Illness? According to a medical dictionary, foodborne illness is an acute gastrointestinal infection caused by consuming food contaminated with pathogenic, bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites. Such contamination was caused by improper food handling, preparation or storage of food. Contacts between food and pests, especially flies, cockroaches and rodents are a further cause of contamination of food. Foodborne illness can also be caused by adding pesticides or medicine to food or consuming or by accidentally consuming naturally poisonous substances. That is why foodborne illness can also be called food poisoning.
Food-borne transmission refers to any illness that results due to the consumption of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate food, as well as chemical or natural toxins such as poisonous mushrooms (cdc.gov). Bacteria is the most often the pathogen that causes food-borne illness. This is usually due to improper handling of foods, improper preparation of food and improper food storage. According to the CDC, the top 5 contributing pathogens to food-borne illness are Norovirus, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus.
A SWOT analysis of the food control system in Bahrain revealed that certain strengths and weaknesses are inherent in the system. In addition to the weaknesses and the strengths, there are threats that would negatively affect the system if not prevented or brought under control. Nevertheless, the there are opportunities available for responding to the threats, making the Bahrain food control systems more efficient and effective. It is therefore important that some or all of these strengths, opportunities, threats, and weaknesses are reviewed. Conspicuous among the weaknesses is the fact that limited resources are available for the agencies and the personnel employed in the Bahrain food control system. Related to lack of resources is the lack of skills and competencies in applying modern techniques, more so in microbiological and chemical analysis. The second weakness of the Bahrain food control system is that most of the laws and regulations on food safety and control are not based on risk- or science-based analysis. In other words, the laws could be outdated and irrelevant in comparison with the latest mechanisms by which pathogens and other contaminants affect foodstuffs (Nestle, 2007). Furthermore, Bahrain lacks the technical expertise or competent enough personnel who could assess the effectiveness and the applicability of their food control laws.
Moroccan’s are known to have hearty appetites, and it is very appropriate in this culture to leave a table feeling fully and even overly satisfied. According to Helou (1999), this state of being is also known as “shaban”. This country is known for including spices, herbs, wheat, and specific poultry in a large majority of their dishes. These ingredients are unique to their geography and even Islamic influences. Morocco’s neighboring countries, Algeria and Tunisia, have similar cuisine styles, but each are also unique to their geography in specific ways. Both Algerian and Tunisian dishes are rich in spice and can be considered the hottest cuisine of the region. According to Walden (1998), a common theme amongst all three countries include: “slow-simmered tagines; charcoal-grilled lamb, chicken, fish and vegetables; and rich, sweet pastries” (p.
Food borne illnesses are caused by consuming contaminated foods or beverages. There are many different disease-causing microbes, or pathogens. In addition, poisonous chemicals, or other harmful substances can cause food borne illnesses if they are present in food. More than two hundred and fifty different food borne illnesses have been described; almost all of these illnesses are infections. They are caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can be food borne. (Center 1)
According to the recent studies around 76 million illness i.e. 325,000 hospitalization in the United States are caused because of food poisoning.
Food-borne illnesses fall into two categories, intoxicant and infections. An understanding of the causes and preventions will limit any contaminations. The food preparation process emcompresses the sanitation process from
Canning is a simple method for capturing food’s delicious and wholesome qualities at natures very best and for preserving food for enjoyment at a later time. Nowadays people choose for can because it may saving the available food for later use. One of the most common methods for preserving foods today is to enclose them in a sterile container. Canning can be glass, plastic and metal can and the basic principle of canning is that a food is sterilized, usually by heating, and then placed within an air-tight container. In the absence of air, no new pathogens can gain access to the sterilized food. In most canning operations, the food to be packaged is first prepared in some way—cleaned, peeled, sliced, chopped, or treated in some other way—and then placed directly into the container. The container is then placed in hot water or some other environment where its temperature is raised above the boiling point of water for some period of time. This heating process achieves two goals at once. First, it kills the vast majority of pathogens that may be present in the container. Second, it forces out most of the air above the food in the container.
Law, Abu Bakar, Mat Hashim, and Abdul Hamid (2011) concluded that fermentation is one of the oldest and widely used food preservation methods in households, small-scale food industries as well as in large enterprise. Fermented foods generally preserved pleasant flavor, aroma, texture, enhanced nutritive values and good keeping quality under ambient conditions. (p.1)