Being born and raised in the USA, Carl Roger’s was an All-American boy growing up, except for being raised in a strict, fundamentalist religious home. Consequently, he grew up with many conditions placed on his existence; he would only be as good as he acted or behaved and the love he received being determined by how others perceived his actions. Admittedly, he was a hardworking and faithful young man, his environment was his reality and was all he knew. As a result, he worked on his family’s farm and became interested in the science of agriculture. So then, while attending school he went on a Christian mission trip to China, which pulled at the strings of his early religious teachings. For this reason, Carl decided to change his educational …show more content…
During the years between, 1928-1940 Rogers worked with thousands of troubled youth referred by the courts it was at this point, when he began developing his ideas and theories of psychotherapy. During this period, Rogers had an opportunity to work with Otto Ranks, an Austrian psychoanalyst who worked with Freud for over two decades; where he gained notable insight in Ranks post-Freudian models of psychoanalysis. Rogers has always credited Rank for helping to shape his “client-centered” therapy and the impact it had on clinical counseling at the time. “I became infected with Rankian ideas”, said Rogers (Kramer, 1995). Otto Ranks theories were formed around the here and now: learning new and unlearning the old. This fit into Roger’s understanding and his own ideas that had been percolating, but Roger’s focal point was the responsibility the therapist has to the client. Similarly, Freud’s psychoanalysis is based on the patient being in control of the session with the therapist not in sight and the patient being able to just speak, allowing the thoughts to come as they may. Whereas, Roger’s took this …show more content…
Skinner, Rogers tendency was to look at the organism as a whole, he saw a total functioning human being, not just its behavior or an isolated event. The whole organism is the potential and the center of energy and will move it towards constant and continual growth. Skinner and behaviorism as a whole could not accept this holistic way of thinking that couldn’t be proven or for the most part tested, it seemed to be all in theory and not a true science. Whereas, Rogers felt strongly that behaviorism was to objective and in essence seeing humans as objects and ultimately training them as you would an animal. In contrast to the behaviorist, Roger’s goes to other extreme from purely physical to purely subjective with the emphasis being on a person’s experience or their perception of the experience. The concern here is that Skinner's theories could be tested through scientific experiments, whereas, Roger’s theories where limited to a person’s experience and left up to their perception of that experience (Leahey,
Jarrod J. Rein is an eighteen-year-old with dark brown hair and brown eyes to match the brown arid dirt of Piedmont, Oklahoma. His skin is a smooth warm tan glow that opposes his white smile making his teeth look like snow. Standing a great height of six foot exactly, his structure resembles a bear. He is attending Piedmont high school where he in his last year of high school (senior year). He is studying to be a forensics anthropologist. Also he is studying early in the field of anatomy to be successful in his profession. While not always on the rise for knowledge Jarrod’s swimming for his high school. In a sense it’s like you see double.
An interesting chief of justice is John Roberts. Reason for this being is that he has participated in many important case in which have related to the violation of the first amendment. Chief Justice Roberts has had a successful start to his career and will be known for his very interesting cases and arguments.
Psychoanalysis is a unique form of psychological treatment founded by Sigmund Freud and later modified by his followers including Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Harry Stack-Sullivan (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Although there is no one psychoanalytic theory Wedding and Corsini (2013) tell us that there are basic principles that tend to be found throughout different psychoanalytic perspectives. They note that psychodynamic perspectives emphasize ideas of the unconscious and the ability to increase choice by facilitating an awareness of unconscious motivations. Psychodynamic perspectives tend to focus on the client’s use of defense mechanisms like projection, reaction formation, splitting, intellectualization, repression, transference, and resistance as a way of avoiding painful fantasies, feelings, and thoughts (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Such perspectives embrace the assumption that people are ambivalent about change and emphasize the importance of exploring that ambivalence (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). In addition, the therapeutic relationship is viewed as a vehicle of change; one that can be used for exploring both unconscious (primary) and conscious (secondary) self-defeating processes and actions (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Transference and countertransference are viewed as essential therapeutic tools (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Psyc...
Skinners studies included the study of pigeons that helped develop the idea of operant conditioning and shaping of behavior. His study entailed making goals for pigeons, if the goal for the pigeon is to turn to the left, a reward is given for any movement to the left, the rewards are supposed to encourage the left turn. Skinner believed complicated tasks could be broken down in this way and taught until mastered. The main belief of Skinner is everything we do is because of punishment and reward (B.F. Skinner).
Person- centered therapy is more of a psychotherapeutic than psychodynamic model that goes over what empowers people in more of a depth comprehensive way. Rogers believed that one should focus on their own current interpretation of a situation rather than another’s interpretation. He believed that being genuine and empathic to the client helps get to the root of a confrontation and makes it easier to help the person become nostalgic and problem-less. Rogers and Maslow theories are similar but Roger’s theory doesn’t have such a simplicity stage model like Maslow. Nevertheless, both helped the actualization of one’s true self-become easier for
B.F. Skinner was considered the father of behavioral approach to psychology and a noticeable spokesperson for behaviorism. According to Corey (2013), he advocated radical behaviorism. In other words it placed a primary importance on the effects of environment on behavior. Skinner was a determinist; he did not consider that humans had free choices. He recognized the existence of feeling and thoughts, but disagreed about them causing humans action. In its place, he underlined the cause-and-effect links between objective, observable environmental conditions and behavior. Skinner claimed that more than enough attention had been given to the internal states of mind and motives, which cannot be observed and changed directly and not enough focus
Carl Carlton is one of those quite successful and popular musicians all over the world. This American songwriter and singer was born 21 May 1953 in the US nothwest city of Detroit, the largest and more populous in the state of Michigan. As surprising as it may seem, Carlton began his professional carrer when he was a teenager thanks to a kid’s baseball game. As reported by several sources, Carl liked to play baseball with others neighborhood’s teenagers, and during games he used to sing as well. Carlton voice at that time was already so powerful, clear and tuned, that one of the neighbours living in an appartment near the place the adolescents were playing thought they had a radio playing loud music down there and yelled down them to turn off
As the field of counseling continues to progress numerous theoretical orientations have been developed. One theoretical approach to counseling has been coined as person centered counseling or client centered therapy. This type of approach is commonly referred to as Rogerian psychotherapy. Rogerian therapy focuses on the empowerment of individuals with the inner self. These constructs are vital to ensuring and promoting a transparent and honest atmosphere which subsequently results in effective counseling. The behaviors that are found in client centered counseling are valuable as they motivate the client to explore their "hidden feelings" and become aware of where their feelings derive from. Being afforded the rare opportunity to see Rogers
Gordon Parks was a photographer and humanitarian with a passion for documenting poverty, and civil rights in the second half of the 20th century. His signature style continues to be celebrated as one of the most iconic of the time.
Rogers, C. R. (1961). A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy. On Becoming a Person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Corey, C. (1991). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (4th ed.). Pacific Grove, California, USA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. (Original work published 1977)
...entation, or several, in which they choose to practice in their professional career. Psychoanalysis and Person-Centered Therapy are just two, out of over four hundred types, of counseling approaches in use today. The constructs and theories are extremely different, however, neither can be considered right nor wrong. They are simply based on different beliefs, assumptions and viewpoints of human development and their behavior. Although, however different and unique, there are still similarities between the two types of therapy approaches. Through case examples, such as the case of D and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, the techniques and outcomes of different treatment approaches can be see in real life examples. Past research and writing support brings about contradictions, criticism and treatment outcomes to the theories and those who developed them.
Introduction When most laymen think about psychology, a version of the psychodynamic theory is surely what comes to mind. Most people have heard of Freud and the somewhat ridiculous notions that he brought about over a century ago. What many people may not understand is just how advanced the psychodynamic theory was at the time it came about. Although this theory definitely has some flaws, it has some astonishingly valid aspects to it as well. An analysis of this Freudian theory shows that there are both strengths and weaknesses to the psychodynamic theory, and that it can still be applicable to modern-day social work.
Sigmund Freud and Albert Ellis are widely recognized as two of the most influential psychotherapists of the twentieth century. “It is argued that the striking differences in their therapeutic systems, Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and psychoanalysis, respectively, are rooted in more fundamental theoretical differences concerning the essential nature of client personality” (Ziegler 75). This paper will discuss in detail, both Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Therapy and Albert Ellis’ Rational Emotive Therapy, as well as compare and contrast both theories.
The Adlerian approach in therapy differs from all other approaches in its perception of human emotions and strivings. As the other theories solely focused on the past of humans and their unconscious minds, Adler and his followers stressed more on social interest and community feeling, even though they don’t ignore other factors such as one’s childhood events. The latter believed than people have an innate sense of inferiority that will make them pursue happiness, success as well as fulfill their ambitions. In other words, Adlerians tend to help clients in therapy sessions to become more aware of these free privileges that they can have access to. Hence, the therapy journey is characterized by four main phases through which the therapist hope to achieve his goals in accordance with the client’s case. First of all, the therapist will begin by establishing a healthy relationship with the client. Therefore he creates a secure environment for the client to let him feel that he can open up and describe his experiences without having to worry about being judged. The therapist will also set his goals clear, share them with the client, and provide him with important information about his rights (Corey, 2009). The second phase will focus then on exploring the client’s psychological dynamics and general information about the person’s lifestyle. The exploration takes place in two parts: the objective interview and the subjective interview. In the subjective interview, the therapist will assist the client in exploring persistent habits and patterns in his daily life. Whereas the objective interview will tackle more general ideas about the client’s medical and social history that may help identi...