Carbohydrates Carbohydrate is a molecule that is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are sugar molecules and are classified by how many sugar molecules they contain. In this article, it talks about two main carbs, Simple carbs, and Complex carbs. Simple carbs are referred to as sugars which are single sugar molecules called monosaccharides or two monosaccharides joined together called disaccharides. Two common monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. While sucrose and lactose are two common disaccharides. Complex carbs contain two or more sugar molecules chains that are called oligosaccharides. Chains of more than ten monosaccharides linked together are called polysaccharides. Carbohydrates have many functions that help our bodies. It’s the major source of energy. Both types of carbs …show more content…
Enzymes are one source of proteins in our body. They speed up chemical reactions such as the digestion of carbohydrates and the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver. Enzymes increases the rate of the chemical reactions. Hormones found in our body is also a protein. Hormones are chemicals that are created in one part of the body and carry a messages to another organ. For example, glucagon and insulin are both hormones. They are made in the pancreas and travel throughout the body to regulate blood glucose. Fluid is present in most of the compartments of your body. Its within the cell, blood, and much more spaces. It's the minerals and protein that keep them balanced. Proteins are macronutrients that are too large to pass across the membrane, but since it attracts water they maintain proper fluid balance. Allowing your brain to go without glucose in times of starvation or low carbohydrate, the body will sacrifice proteins from your muscles/tissues in order to make new glucose from amino acids in a process called gluconeogenesis. Protein gives the structure to bones, teeth, and
Carbohydrates are biomolecules that consist of a chain or ring of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The simplest formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n. Carbohydrates are important to organisms for a variety of reasons. They are used to form the structural components of the cell, aid in energy storage, and serve as intermediary compounds for more complex molecules. Carbohydrates are classified as either monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Both monosaccharides and disaccharides dissolve easily in water. Carbohydrates are produced in plants through the process of photosynthesis and animals obtain these carbohydrates by eating the plants. ("BIO 1510 Laboratory Manual," 2016)
Proteins are one of the main building blocks of the body. They are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. Even smaller units create proteins; these are called amino acids. There are twenty different types of amino acids, and all twenty are configured in many different chains and sequences, producing differing protein structures and functions. An enzyme is a specialized protein that participates in chemical reactions where they serve as catalysts to speed up said reactions, or reduce the energy of activation, noted as Ea (Mader & Windelspecht).
The Structure and Function of Carbohydrates Large biological molecules are called macromolecules, there are giant molecules (polymers) made up of repeating units (monomers). Carbohydrates are one of the main classes of biological molecules. Macromolecule units (monomers) are joined together by condensation reactions and hydrolysis reactions split macromolecules down into their individual units. Carbohydrates are molecules that contain elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates have a 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms (the same proportion as in water).
The body breaks down various carbohydrate foods (whether simple or complex) into glucose, which is used easily for energy or saved away in muscles and fat stores for later use. Carbs are the body’s preferred, No. 1 energy source. However, they aren’t the only macronutrient that supplies energy to cells. This is why it’s possible to follow a low-carb diet and still have enough energy, endurance and muscular strength. However, special care should be taken in relation to Refined and processed carbs which release glucose (sugar) into the bloodstream more quickly, leading to symptoms like low energy levels, cravings, overeating, weight gain and brain fog. Eating lots of processed/fast carbs can also increase risk for insulin resistance and diabetes. “Slow carbs” like veggies, whole pieces of fruit, ancient grains and legumes provide a slower release of glucose and better supply of energy for our cells that lasts for
The primary method to control gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is through dietary regulation. The most effective method to control GDM via diet is through carbohydrate restriction and/or selectivity. It is recommended that pregnant women with GDM reduce their carbohydrate intake to 40% of the total caloric intake or can maintain a 60% carbohydrate intake but those carbohydrates must all come from low glycemic index foods. Examples of low glycemic foods are apples, spinach, black beans, split peas, oatmeal, and quinoa. Additional suggestions are to eat complex carbohydrates instead of simple, refined sugars. Eat small, frequent meals and snack often in between meals in order to maintain constant glucose levels throughout the day.
What happens to food once it is ingested? Where does it go? How is it broken down into smaller pieces? The digestive process is very complex, but simple to understand. It involves several steps that include from being chewed inside the mouth, to landing in the stomach for more breakdown, traveling through the intestines, and finally exiting the body.
Carbohydrates are like human beings. They come is numerous sizes, colors, and forms. They each employ a purpose and are wonderful; but is a bad apple in the mix? Are all carbohydrates, malicious for you or do they all promote wellness?
When eaten, protein is broken down into amino acids. Proteins and amino acids are used for almost every metabolic process in the body, and are the building blocks for every tissue in your body.
the body's chemical reactions are all made of protein. Without the right proteins, blood won't clot properly and cuts won't heal. Carbohydrates and fat can't meet your energy needs, proteins can. broken down and used as a source of emergency energy. So this makes protein is very crucial for your health.
Protein can be found in every cell within the body and is needed to build and repair tissues, muscles, organs, bones and skin. Protein is also needed to make enzymes and hormones which are essential to the body. Plant based proteins are much lower in unhealthy fats and provide that much needed fiber. The best animal sources for protein are fish, low-fat dairy, egg whites, cottage cheese, chicken, turkey and lean pork. It is important to consume the recommended amount of protein daily. Consuming to much protein can lead to kidney and liver problems and even headaches. As with carbohydrates protein must be consumed in moderation. (Anthony & Ogden,
Carbohydrates make up a major part of the human diet. When people think of carbs, it is generally viewed in a negative way, as it is considered a
Protein A protein is a substance made from amino acids. Amino acids are simple organic compounds that are an important part of living things. Proteins in the body are key in order for chemical processes in the body to take place. The main function of protein is to fight infection, heal wounds as well as build muscle.
Proteins are polymers of amino acids when amino acids join together in different combinations, they form proteins. there are many categories of proteins; structural, contractile, transport and hormones each protein has a different function within living organisms.
The most important nutrient categories are starches, minerals, sugars, and electrolytes. Starches and minerals fit into the area of complex carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides (many sugars bonded together). Because of the multiple bonds, polysaccharides are able to store energy for later use. Simple sugars make up the other group of carbohydrates. The bonding structures of simple sugars are much less advanced that than those of complex carbohydrates. This allows for the burning of simple sugars in an athlete's body. Electrolytes are a category of their own because they are helpful to an athlete all of the time, whether energy storage or energy burning is needed.
All of these substances serve one purpose or another when consumed into the body. Carbohydrates, for example, are broken down in the body to provide energy for the body to perform reactions and to regain stamina. Protein helps muscles to recover stronger than before as well as help skin and hair cells to develop. Some substances, such as fat and sugar, can be misinterpreted as being harmful to the body. However, fats and sugars are vital to the human body and without them certain processes within the body could not take place ("What's In Food", Nutriti...