Canine Heartworm Disease Canine Heartworm Disease is a serious and potentially fatal disease caused by the parasite Dirofilaria Immitis. The disease can infect over 30 species, including humans, however dogs are the definitive host. The most common way this disease is transmitted from one animal to the next is through mosquitoes. A mosquito carrying infective heartworm larvae bites a dog and transmits the infection to them. The larvae grow, develop, and migrate in the body over a period of 6 to 7 months, in which time they become sexually mature male and female worms. this is the prepatent period. The worms then reside in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels. The worms begin to mate and release microfilaria into the blood stream. When a mosquito bites an infected dog it takes in some of the microfilaria in the blood. After 10 to 30 days there is larvae in the mosquito’s salivary gland which can then be passed on to the next dog the mosquito bites. Canine Heartworm Disease can also be transmitted to puppies through the placenta of an infected mother. However in this case the puppies will only be carriers, but this makes them at risk of severe reactions when starting canine heartworm prevention. Another way larvae can be passed is through blood transfusions. To prevent this all donors must be cleared of heartworm disease before donating. Dogs infected with Canine Heartworm Disease can have from 1 to 250 worms living in them for 5 to 7 years. The organs us...
[1, 4, 5, 9, 13] There have been no documented cases where a human has contracted the disease from another human. [4] It appears, based on field and lab data, that infection requires direct contact with the virus through means such as contact with infective bodily secretions, urine, or tissues. [12] It is unknown to scientists how the virus can be maintained in the bat populations and avoids extinction as the host species becomes immune to its presence. [14] The incubation period from time of infection to the onset of symptoms is about 5-14 days in experimentally induced animals [4] and 8-14 days in natural field cases.
Schistosomiasis is a parasite. This parasite is a worm that you get through contaminated water. Urine and feces usually contaminate the water. The worm goes in to your body and migrates to the bladder, rectum, liver, lungs, spleen, intestines and some veins. After the worm migrates to these places this is where it matures and lays its eggs. The disease has the ability to lay two thousand to three thousand eggs per day and can live for twenty years. There are five different kind of Schistosomiasis that effect humans, these different kinds are; S. mansoni, S. Heamatobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum and S. mekongi. There are also other kinds of Schistosomiasis that occasionally infect humans, there are; S. bovis, S. mathei, and some avian schistosomes.
This paper tells about different methods as to which parasites enter the body. Each parasite is unique as to what problems they cause or diseases they carry. Some of these parasites can prove fatal unless treated, and if they are not treated carefully, they could still complicate an individual’s health. This paper also includes the places these parasites thrive and as to how to treat these parasites. Although most of these parasites are treatable, the treatment required is completely dependent upon what stage the parasites have progressed to. Some parasites are accompanied by a disease and are therefore not the primary health risk of getting infected. Nevertheless, if left untreated all of these parasites can host the body for large periods of time, which can lead to prolonged illness. Most of these parasites are found in third world countries, but under the right conditions can be found in the United States of America.
Credibility: A few years ago, my roommate Anna was desperate to find a new puppy. The easiest place for her to find one was an online site full of cute Pomeranian puppies. Although she really wanted to save a dog from a nearby shelter, she completely fell in love with a picture online of a beautiful brown and white Pomeranian puppy. Immediately Anna purchased the puppy online and ended up receiving the dog soon after. Paisley was a ball full of what seemed like healthy energy. Anna took great care of her and made sure she had everything a puppy needs. About three months Paisley started having seizures and was taken to the vet. The vet said that Paisley had a blood defect that was commonly seen in dogs that came from puppy mills. Sadly enough, Paisley had to be put down because she was in too much pain to recover.
Worms. It's not something that most dog-owners want for their beloved pups; but unfortunately, it's something that happens all too often. Worms and other parasites aren't just disgusting to think about, they are also potentially dangerous. At the first suspicion—or sight—of worms, you should take action quickly, so that your family pet doesn't suffer from upset tummy, grumpy behavior, or death.
This disease may be on the brink of being eradicated entirely but that doesn’t stop it from being one of the grossest things that anyone has ever seen. The parasite enters the body via unsafe drinking water. When people drink water infected with water fleas that have have been hosting the larvae of the parasite. There are no symptoms, to begin with, but about one year later, blisters on the feet or legs begin to develop and then the adult fully developed worm crawls out of the host body over a period of a few weeks. It’s said that the pain is intense and can incapacitate a person for weeks at a time. The pain can also continue for months after the infection. The parasite needs to infect a person at least once a year in order to continue. There were an estimated 3.5 million cases in 1986 but the disease has been greatly reduced over time and only 22 cases were reported in 2015. This disease will probably be the first parasitic disease to be completely eradicated in humans.
A disease is transmitted in one way or the other. Lyme disease is transmitted through a vector. The vector of the disease is an infected deer tick. The deer tick has to bite a person to spread the disease. When a deer tick bites a person (sucks blood), the Borrelia burgdoferi bacteria is transmitted into the persons body.
Puppy mill breeding causes many health problems for the animals involved. Many dogs have illnesses and diseases because of the environment around them. Many puppy mill operators fail to remove sick dogs from the breeding area and cause other animals to become infected as well. There are many diseases dogs while being in puppy mills. Some of theses diseases are heart disease, kidney disease, endocrine disorders, respiratory disorders and many more. The puppies created often arrive in pet stores and homes with diseases as well. (ASPCA)
The infection transferred easily as breathing the air of an infected victim in some cases. The disease came in three different forms such as, Bubonic, Sympathetic, Pneumonic but all resulted from the same thing. Although the disease was rarely spread from human to human people were still frightened because it could spread from clothing to a cut in the skin. It also was contagious if you had close contact with a rat or had got bite by a flea.
Helminthes or parasites, often called “worms” are among the most prevalence of chronic human infections worldwide. Soil-transmitted infections are caused by different species of parasitic worms. There are over 340 species of helminthes; most are rare in humans but may infect animals that can serve as a reservoir for infection but there are four main nematodes species of human soil-transmitted helminthes infections. Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm), trichuris trichura (whipworm), Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworm). These four helminthes are commonly associated with malnutrition, including anemia. Pregnant women are at risk of nutritional deficiencies caused by helminthes infections Soil-transmitted helminthes have been as causing impairment of growth and nutrition. The hookworm damage the intestinal mucosa leading to bleeding, loss of iron and anemia infections by trichuris trichura produce chronic reduction of food intake. During pregnancy, mild or several infections with hookworm can cause anemia to the mother and damage to the fetus, leading to low birth weight. Several large-scale studies have demonstrated that deworming and iron supplements reduced anemia among pregnant women and have led positive birth outcomes. At the global level it is estimated that intestinal parasite infections affect more than one-third of the world’s population with the highest rates in school-age children. These infections are most prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the developing world where adequate water...
...dering the additional cost of treatment of already infected dogs ranging from $500 and $1500 (3). This economic importance does not only matter to pet owners but also to the people living in developing countries where different filarial diseases are commonly leading to river blindness (3). Even though, the pharmaceutical industry does not have an incentive to invest in drug development for underdeveloped countries out of financial reasons, incentives on development of heartworm drugs and vaccines for pets are tremendous (3). This way research in the field of Dirofilaria immitis is encouraged and may not only benefit pets but also improve living conditions in developing countries. Until further progress is made, veterinarians should focus on education of clients regarding preventative treatment to limit further spread of Dirofilaria immitis by reducing its habitat.
The journal’s report gives a broad examination of how the canine may be affected but in the article by Raghavan, he goes into further detail including that, “The risk of urban areas to dogs could be due to infected wildlife mammals visiting urban back yards for foraging and/or migratory behavior or due to dogs contracting leptospirosis from wildlife when they are out for recreation” (Raghavan 247). This information provides information relevant to an owner’s willingness to pay close attention to the dogs environment, whether they spend all day in one spot or small amounts of time in a multitude of places around the property used for ownership. The disease puts a strong offense against any dog it enters. The dogs that get vaccinations can be included in this list of susceptible dogs. The dogs that are vaccinated can be affected by a resistant strain and in this case the dog that’s vaccinated is actually at the most danger because a veterinarian may not check for it during an
In order for you to understand how Echinococcus works. You have to understand how it is transmitted into your system and begins infecting you. Echinococcus goes through several different steps on how it is developed and then transmitted to other hosts. The adult echinococcus tapeworm is about 5 mm long and lives in the small intestines of dogs and another canine species such as coyotes, wolves and foxes. The stage where a cyst begins usually occurs in intermediate hosts; typically sheep’s but they can also affect cattle’s, horses, camels, pigs and goats and many others. Tapeworm eggs are passed by the feces of infected dogs and then are digested by grazing sheep’s. These eggs then hatch into the embryos within the intestines, and then penetrate the intestines to be carried by the blood to major organs such as the liver and lungs. This larval stage of the parasite is called an oncosphere. The larval stage spreads by the bloodstream to target organs and other parts of the body, such as liver, lungs, ...
...ugh both forms of infection can potentially occur in the same individual at the same time, they are distinct disease entities and have different treatments and potential outcomes. World health organization estimates that almost 50 million people worldwide are infected by tapeworms and of these 50,000 die due to the disease every year (ncbi, 2004). The control and prevention of cysticercosis depends on preventing fecal oral transmission of eggs from person infected with taeniasis. Identification and treatment of tapeworm carriers an important public health measure that can prevent further cases. Treatments includes drug therapy as well as surgical removal of the cysts. For preventative measures, it is important to never eat raw or undercooked pork. And, when traveling to areas with poor sanitation, people need to be careful to avoid foods that might be contaminated.