CPTED Theory

Crime against property and residents of a built environment is an occurrence worldwide. Effective methods of combating such criminal behaviour have constantly been discussed throughout history. Such discussions have led to the creation of a multi-disciplinary concept of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). Originally a concept developed by Jane Jacobs in the early 1960’s and notably developed by criminologist Timothy D. Crowe, CPTED is a constantly evolving theory that is based upon the belief that the built environment can be used to influence the decisions made by criminals before they commit a crime. CPTED aims to design and implement various techniques within a built environment that will deter instances and reduce fears

Crowe’s book written in 1990 being one of the most influential. Crowe’s book Crime Prevention through Environmental Design introduced a comprehensive set of guidelines based on four principles of territoriality, access control, management, and surveillance, which could be used to prevent opportunities of crime within the built environment. These guidelines were intended for the use of police, town planners and architects in creating communities and public spaces that would discourage crime. As of 2004, the theory of CPTED is internationally accepted to be based upon the theory devolved by

This is due to the design of a build environment having places that may increase the likelihood of a crime occurring due to isolation, being devoid of adequate lighting, being out of view from other members of the community during certain periods of the day (e.g. near businesses or shops after employees have left at night) or simply being hidden from immediate view (e.g. alleyways, public toilets, car parks at night etc.) thus providing chances for criminals being able to surprise or prevent victims from avoiding a scenario. This principle works hand in hand with the aforementioned principles of CPTED in order to create built environments that reduce the risk in areas that are more vulnerable than others. This can be achieved through a number of