My design is very similar to the Orion, yet not quite the same. The shape of the service module is spherical, since it is the most efficient 3D shape, while the command module has a cone-like form. This CEV is propelled by a single OMS (orbital maneuvering system) engine on the end of the service module. The booster will use a methane/oxygen fuel rather than the hydrazine/nitrogen tetroxide fuel used on Apollo because it has a greater specific impulse, which means it burns longer for the same amount. Four RCS (reaction control system) thrusters located on the command module above the engine can change the orientation of the craft in space. They allow the CEV to make pitch, roll, and yaw rotational maneuvers as well as translation maneuvers along the X, Y, and Z axes. The guidance, navigation, and control system is all about the destination, current location, and path of the CEV. These devices detect the vehicle’s motion and informs the GNC what is happening. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) contain gyros to measure and provide inertial attitude and velocity data to the G...
The early missions of Project Apollo were mostly dedicated to the establishment and advancement of technology to meet America’s national interests in space. Apollo missions 1 through 10 were focused on building and testing the Command Module (CM), Service Module (SM), and Lunar Module (LM). Altogether the CM and the SM make the Command Service Module, or CSM.
Vehicles are a main necessities of our life, it have been with us for quite a long period; it is time efficient, but the number of death it have caused is not easily avoided; therefore the engineers have designed vehicle safety features such as seat belts and crumple zones regarding the concepts of Newton’s Laws of Motion to help save our lives.
Imagine that your car could detect hazardous roads before you could sense it? A feature that provides this type of protective driving exists within European cars. This valuable safety feature that is offered in European cars i...
Cars are large objects of great mass which can reach very fast velocities, this can be a dangerous combination if the physics aren’t correct. Seeing as there is over 1.2 billion cars world wide, physicians have put much detail into aspects of cars to make them as safe as possible. In the paragraphs below I will be be briefly discussing different aspects of the everyday automobile and its safety.
SRP4 will fly atop an Orion sounding rocket motor that will be supplied by NASA's Wollops Flight Facility.
Corvette is a sports car, manufactured by Chevrolet a division in the American manufacturer general motors. The corvette was first seen in 1953, in a car show by the name GM Motorama. it was designed by an industrial designer called Harley Earl. The car got the name from and old American warship called the corvette. The corvette won many awards since it was first manufactured for example in 1963 the Automobile magazine ranked the corvette sting ray first in the world top 100 coolest cars above the Dodge Viper and Porsche 911. Also sports cars international ranked corvette 5th in the top sport cars of the 60s. General Motors produced about 1,370,759 corvettes from all generations of corvette which makes corvette cars very successful in the sports cars market. Corvette was also very successful as a racing car as it was used more than 12 times in the Indianapolis 500 pace car. Since 1953 corvette had many different types and designs, starting from C-1 to C7, ZR1 and the new version of corvette stingray.
The following is a brief illustration of the principles of GPS. For more information see previous chapter. The Global positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-base navigation system that provides a user with proper equipment access to positioning information. The most commonly used approaches for GPS positioning are the Iterative Least Square (ILS) and the Kalman Filter (EKF) methods. Both of them are based on psuedorange equation:
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) has access to many traditional and non-traditional dynamic elements that provide superior capabilities to collect and monitor visual, seismic, and acoustic signatures of motorized vehicles. SIGINT is the only system that can be operational and maintainable in any type of climate and terrain, which provides an advantage over the United States’ (U.S.) adversaries. The process of obtaining the intelligence starts with the collection of any type of signal, whether it be infrared, electro-optical, or electronic. After the signals are collected, analysts encounter the tasks of cryptanalysis, transcription, traffic analysis, and translations of the enemy information systems; analyst then determine size, location, distance, and terrain features. The data is usually processed in overlays and graphic displays within the United States. End products are then populated into National databases for the use of the Intelligence Community. The increasing utilization of computers, the internet, satellites, sophisticated encryption, and cellular telephones have streamlined effective and accurate Human Intelligence (HUMINT); implementation of Signals Intelligence has became an important role to maintain superiority over adversaries.
In this study, the risks associated with the spatial disorientation will also be discussed along with the recommendations for reducing such risks. The control variables are the level of experience of the pilots and the type of simulator they are operating. There are basically three sensory systems, which are used by pilots to determine the orientation of the airplane: Visual system of body, Vestibular system, and Nervous system (Wynbrandt, 2004).
The main function of ISGs is the automatic start-stop capability which switches the engine off at zero load i.e., when the vehicle is at standstill (for example in traffic signal) and instantly starts and accelerates the IC engine to the idling speed to initiate the combustion process in the engine [3]. By this function, it is said to reduce the fuel consumption by around 20% and hence the emissions from the vehicles [2]. Other main functions of ISGs include effective generation of electric power (better than conventional alternator) when the driver takes his
There was a time a person would use a roadmap to get from one location to another. Some also would stop and ask for directions. Today, you seldom see paper maps and people stopping at a local gas station for directions. Many vehicles come with a navigation system that provides a real-time map of the vehicle’s current location as well as systematic directions to requested destination.
The built-in encoder inside the servo motor provides a pulse signal that is processed by the servo controller to get the position feedback. The voltage feedback consists of a built-in potentiometer which is coupled with the servo motor axis to get the relative angular position depending on the value of the potentiometer. In particular, the DC servo motor is mostly utilized in the field of electronic, robotics and automation system, especially for special types of applications where the rotation of the motor only requires a certain angular movement such as for robot arm, robot gripper, and
3. Brain, Marshall, and Tom Harris. "How GPS Receivers Work." 25 September 2006. HowStuffWorks.com. 01 June 2010.
The modern day space environment is no longer a mystery to humans. Yuri Gagarin of Russia was the first person to experience space adventure in 1961. Since then, technological advances have enabled space exploration, with new discoveries being made from time to time. Scientists have significantly contributed to the development of space tourism. Noteworthy inventions by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have transformed human life through increasing accessibility to space. The agency has made it possible for astronauts to go to the moon and also to walk around planet Mars with robotic automobiles. The invention of the tri-axis control design has had a significant influence on modern space explorations, helping astronauts to effectively focus their satellites on the target. This has been important in increasing efficiency and precision in astronomical discoveries (Birchard, 2003).