From the beginnings of jazz music in America in the early 20th century, jazz was a purely American form of music. It began with marches, led by John Philip Sousa, an American composer. This transformed into the collective improvisation period of the Twenties, which produced greats such as Louis Armstrong, born in New Orleans. Around the same time as Armstrong’s fame was Duke Ellington’s, who was born and raised in Washington, D.C. This pattern of jazz evolution originating in America was the standard for nearly sixty years; however, everything changed in the late 1950s, when an explosion of music from South America occurred. This Brazilian music, which had itself been evolving for years in its home country, combined with American jazz music and forms created one of the most unique and interesting styles of jazz music that America had seen: bossa nova. Bossa nova (“new style” or “new trend”), one of the first jazz styles without direct American origin, influenced music in America to use its ideas and sounds, but also to stray away from the new Brazilian style.
Bossa nova is a sub-genre of Latin jazz, which originated largely in Latin America. There are a few major differences between Latin jazz and straight-ahead jazz. Firstly, percussion is more often featured as a solo in Latin jazz music. Also, the percussion in this jazz form is extremely varied, using congas, bongos, claves, timbales, and much more auxiliary percussion than the classic drum kit found in straight-ahead jazz. Also, Latin jazz uses straight eighth notes instead of swung eighth notes.
One very prominent feature of Latin jazz and bossa nova music is the clave rhythm. This rhythm consists of a five-beat, syncopated rhythm that is the backbone for near...
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Guthrie, Woody. “This Land is Your Land.” Recorded 1944, 1945.
Holston, Mark. “Still Bossa After All These Years.” Hispanic 22, no. 1 (2009): 66-67.
Mendes, Sergio, and The Black Eyed Peas, “Mas Que Nada.” Recorded 2005, Concord, 2006.
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Shakira. “Obtener Un Sí.” Recorded 2005, Epic Records, 2005.
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In 1967 Caetano Veloso felt that the Brazilian Popular Music after the appearance of Bossa Nova eight years prior had run out of energy and creativity. Velosos’ first idea was to get in contact with some big names in the Brazilian music industry to convince them that Brazilian music was in desperate need of new ideas but to no avail he got little to no support. Veloso then decided to gather a small group of young musicians which encompassed Bahian artists Gilberto Gil, Gal Costa and Tom Zé, the psychedelic rock band Os Mutantes, poets Torquato Neto and Capinam, and the conductor and orchestral arranger Rogério Duprat, who together would form the nucleus of a new “rebel” movement in Brazilian music (Perrone, Dunn 72-74).
Throughout history, and even today, music has shaped America’s culture, society, and even politics. One of the most outstanding and enduring musical movement has been from African American artists, ranging from bebop to jazz to hip-hop to rap. During the 1920’s , jazz artists stepped into the limelight and began their impact on American and even world history. Louis Armstrong was one of the most influential leaders during the Harlem Renaissance and his jazz legacy and impact of American history is everlasting. A master of his craft, Armstrong and his music heavily influenced America’s white and black populations from the 1920’s and up until his death.
As a result, Buena Vista is basically a commercial product aimed at foreign audience. The album provides fourteen songs of different genres, most of them originated from Afro-Cubans, including son, darzón, bolero and the so-called Latin Jazz. However, the CD should not be considered the representative ...
Zucchi, Oscar, Héctor Ernie, and Luis Sierra. La Historia Del Tango: El Bandoneón. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Corregidor, 1977.
Throughout the history of this country, the music of African-Americans has remained a strong influence upon our society and culture. Beginning with the music carried over from Africa with the slaves, up until now, with the new styles created by urban youth today, African-Americans have retained certain elements within their music which makes it unique from any other musical form. Some of the musical forms which were created from, and/or were strongly influenced by afro-centric musical characteristics are: Hymnals, Gospel, Spirituals, Ragtime, the blues, and R&B. While many of these musical forms are still popular today amongst Blacks and Non-Blacks, jazz and hip-hop are arguably the two most widespread and popular forms of Black music ever created. As both forms of music were created strictly by black musicians, these musical forms are most popular amongst both the younger and the older generations of African-Americans. Outside the race, jazz has become a medium listened to and performed by people of all ages. Hip-Hop, on the other hand, has enjoyed the majority of it's popularity within younger circles, while it's opposition comes mostly from the older generations. Jazz is known to have it's main influence from ragtime, and the street music of New Orleans. There were two types of street music from which jazz derived it's style; these are the string and percussion bands which also sang in small groups to the music they made. The other was the brass bands of earlier years which imitated white marching bands, adding a twist of afrocentric quality. The first and most primitive jazz ensembles were called archaic jazz bands. These bands retained many of the afrocentric characteristics of earlier forms o...
Jazz culture to be exact, is the topic at hand. Jazz culture expands throughout many genres and is expressed in many ways. The many genres of jazz are Big Band, jazz funk, modern jazz, smooth jazz, Latin jazz, and jazz fusion. Each of these comes with its own unique sound and origin. Latin jazz, for example, employs rhythms from both African and Hispanic backgrounds. The sound is particularly up tempo with divided eight beat patterns. Jazz artists who have portrayed these qualities of jazz to the world are at the very core of its culture. Many people who are in places of power in this society or are held in some form of esteem have had some exposure to the arts, whether it is classical or jazz. This is due to a desire to be culturally diverse which is a quality held in high esteem in regards to a more worldly point-of-view. There are many aspects of Jazz music that could be approached, but there is one point in particular that must be expressed in detail. The influence on the genre ...
Oct. 29: Puerto Rican Music Between Rafael Hernandez and Rafael Cortijo. Guest Lecture by Prof. Lise Waxer, Music Dept., Trinity College
The history and development of tango can be divided into three stages, the first stage being La Guardia vieja, or Old Guard, which lasted until 1920. During this time, tango had emerged as a genre of instrumental music. The form during this time consisted of three parts, with different sections (ABC). This form usually uses four instruments: flute, violin, guitar and bandoneon. The most famous tango ever written is from this time period, Gerardo Matos Rodrigez’s “La cumparsita.” This early tango used rhythms related to habanera and milonga in duple meter and began to slow the tempo down during the 1910s. During this time, a quadruple meter with sharp accents was also adopted. Marcato and sincopa, two new patterns, established the harmonic and rhythmic foundations of more recent tangos.
Jazz music is one of the only musical genres originally developed in the United States. Almost all other forms of music come from other parts of the world, obviously predating the creation of the jazz. This is perhaps why jazz music is one of the most diverse, original, spontaneous, and wild forms of music. Jazz music draws from a rich history of African, Latin American, and European influences. Jazz was created at time in which women in the United States were making great progress in securing equal rights. However, this progressive form of music still held fast to deep seated discrimination against allowing the involvement of women.
Ragland, Cathy. "Mexican Deejays and the Transnational Space of Youth Dances in New York and New Jersey." University of Illinois Press: Ethnomusicology. Autumn 2003 47.3 (2003): 338-53. Print.
Latin Jazz Last Sunday I went to a jazz bar in Manhattan and I listened to “Latin Jazz”. Latin jazz is “a fusion of African and indigenous rhythms from the entire Latin American Diaspora with the language of jazz”. It was first known as coop, but you are now familiar with it as afro-Cuban. When talking about afro-Cuban jazz, it is difficult to not mention certain turning points in history that made this music possible. The roots of much of the music might be traced back to African Cuban slaves.
This production was based on the Cuban dances and music from the 1950’s to today’s style of Cuban dance. Not only did Lizt Alfonso incorporate Cuban dance in this production, but she also weaved ballet, flamenco, and Afro-Cuba
Not only is it nearly impossible to pinpoint jazz’s conception in time, many locations are accredited with its origin, the United States allowed for jazz to start gaining popularity and leading into the change it had to the music scene. When jazz is brought up, many first think of its birth place being New Orleans, Louisiana. New Orleans has always been a big musi...
To better understand why samba represents the Brazilian’s national identity, one has to understand the history of Brazil and samba. Samba can be heard all throughout Brazil. It is a musical genre complemented by song and dance that includes a group of percussion instruments and guitar. The puxador (lead singer) starts the samba, occasionally singing the same song for hours at a time. The obligation of maintaining thousands of voices in time with the drum rests on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the other members of the escola (samba group) come in, and with a whistle from the mestre de bateria (percussion conductor) - the most exciting moment of the parade occurs as the percussion section crashes in. The surdos (bass drums) keep the 2 / 4 meter, while caixas (snare drums) and tamborins accent the second beat. This percussion ensemble, speak of as the 'bateria', frequently includes instruments such as the agogo (double bell) and reco-reco (scraper), as well as the prato, repique, pandeiro, tamborim, and ganzathe. The only stringed instrument is the great pitched cavaquinho (ukulele). Together these instruments combine to create polyrhythms that cross and align, contrast and reinforce with each other in an animated style less formal than marcha or maxixe. Couples often dance to samba in physically tight, close movements similar to the lambada and l...
Latin music history began with one of the most influential and indigenous people, who loved to create music with “wind and percussion instruments”, and they the Mayans. Originally the wind and percussion instruments were made to copy and remake the music of the Europeans. There was a lot of other cultures, which used wind instruments like flutes to make rhythms and sounds that would in turn become music. Many cultures use this type of original music today in various Latin music.