“All for one, one for all.” This offhand declaration was the oath asserted by the four musketeers, Porthos, Aramis, Athos, and d’Artagnan, when they committed their lives to gallantry at the expense of M. Bonacieux’s liberality. In accordance with this scene and prior to the Siege of La Rochelle, the protagonist, d’Artagnan, wasn’t one of “the three musketeers;” he was attached to des Essarts’ company instead of M. de Tréville’s musketeers. The term, “four musketeers,” must then be characterized by duplicity. The novel was in a broader sense with respect to d’Artagnan becoming a musketeer. The Three Musketeers (originally published in serial form in the newspaper Le Siècle between March and July 1844) written by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet, examines the first half of the French seventeenth century. For Dumas, it wasn’t a matter of glorifying history, but of popularizing it. Therefore, Dumas institutionalized the past, yet he presented a fictive poetic awakening of the people, who figure in these historical events, such as Louis XIII of France and Cardinal Richelieu. The novel delved into the reign of Louis XIII, which had been marked by the struggles against the Protestant Huguenots and Habsburg Spain. The Roman Catholic Church of France juxtaposed with the Church of England created a motivation for the Thirty Year’s War (1618–1648), which was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. In May 1st, 1625: Charles I of England was married by proxy to the fifteen-year-old French princess Henrietta Mari, who was the daughter of Henry IV of France. In accordance with this marriage, a secret marriage treaty was created by Louis XIII of France, which placed under French command an English naval force that would ... ... middle of paper ... ...d to find Milady. They arrived with an official executioner; they put her on trial and sentenced her to death. After Milady’s execution, d’Artagnan was arrested by Comte de Rochefort and brought directly to the Cardinal. D’Artagnan justified the execution of Milady by the letter of endorsement, which the Cardinal had originally written to Milady. The letter of endorsement would have pardoned her for murdering d’Artagnan. Nevertheless, the Cardinal admired d’Artagnan for his boldness, also secretly glad to be rid of the dangerous Milady, and he wrote a new letter, which would give the bearer a promotion to lieutenant in de Treville's company of guards. D’Artagnan accepted the promotion. Aramis retired to a monastery, Porthos married his wealthy mistress, and Athos served in the Musketeers under D'Artagnan until 1631, when he retired to his mansion in the countryside.
To summarize the book into a few paragraphs doesn't due it the justice it deserves. The beginning details of the French and Ind...
Nevertheless, Bertrande knows these self-centred intentions, when put into action, will ultimately be reflected by the displeasure and distress of her children and the Mesnie. ‘I am destroying the happiness of my family. And why? … to free myself from the deceit which was consuming and killing me.’ Bertrande’s strong desire to free herself from the cunning of Arnaud du Tilh inevitably brought considerations of the Mesnie and her children to mind. ‘Her affection for her kindred rose about her in a wall implacable as stone’ as she was ‘condemned to solitude’ knowing the hurt her accusations against Arnaud inflicted upon the mesnie. Furthermore, the drawn out process of the trial brought ‘heart-breaking uncertainty,’ with Lewis clearly indicating through this use of language Bertrande’s awareness of the affect of her actions upon others.
In 1998, Francine du Plessix Gray, prolific author of novels, biographies, sociological studies and frequent contributions to The New Yorker, published her most acclaimed work to date: At Home with the Marquis de Sade: A Life. A Pulizer Prize finalist that has already appeared in multiple English-language editions as well as translated ones, Du Plessix Gray’s biography has met with crowning achievement and recognition on all fronts. Accolades have accumulated from the most acclaimed of eighteenth-century luminaries, such as Robert Darnton, in a lengthy review in The New York Review of Books that compares her biography with Laurence Bongie’s Sade: A Biographical Essay, to the list of scholars whom she thanks in her acknowledgements for having read the manuscript: Lynn Hunt, Lucienne Frappier-Mazur, and Marie-Hélène Huët. Surely, any scholar can appreciate the vast amount of research that undergirds Du Plessix Gray’s narrative, and indeed, she takes great pains to meticulously inform the reader who might care to look at her sources and read her acknowledgements that she has done her homework and knows every inch of the scholarly terrain. Du PlessixGray wisely begins her acknowledgements with a debt of gratitude to Maurice Lever’s studies, which rest on years of archival research.
The Memoires de l’Estat de France quoted in R J Knecht Profiles in Power: Catherine de Medici, Essex, 1998
There are many cumulative events that have influenced Western Civilization reflective in today’s modern world, but the most impactful was the French Revolution. Western Civilization has many historic milestones building to the world as we know it, but none set such broad themes that are felt in our everyday life. Many of these themes have become so ingrained into the way we live that we can’t understand a world without them. For this reason, the effects of the French Revolution molded the westernized world more so than any other event. I consider the French Revolution the catalyst to how our world is shaped today. It’s ideas and events continue to echo through our lives century after century.
Beginning in mid-1789, and lasting until late-1799, the French Revolution vastly changed the nation of France throughout its ten years. From the storming of the Bastille, the ousting of the royal family, the Reign of Terror, and all the way to the Napoleonic period, France changed vastly during this time. But, for the better part of the last 200 years, the effects that the French Revolution had on the nation, have been vigorously debated by historian and other experts. Aspects of debate have focused around how much change the revolution really caused, and the type of change, as well as whether the changes that it brought about should be looked at as positive or negative. Furthermore, many debate whether the Revolutions excesses and shortcomings can be justified by the gains that the revolution brought throughout the country. Over time, historians’ views on these questions have changed continually, leading many to question the different interpretations and theories behind the Revolutions effectiveness at shaping France and the rest of the world.
Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution written by Martyn Lyons in the year 1989. Lyons purpose for writing this article was to inform the audience of the significance of Napoleon’s rule. The article argues that Napoleon’s regime was the fulfillment of the “bourgeois” of the French Revolution.
In the seventeenth century, both England and France were going through religious and political turmoil. The religious problems were associated with the religions protestant and Calvinists coming out and fighting to be accepted. One of the political turmoils was that both countries were being changed how they were being run, the amount of money had, spent and what was accepted. One of the biggest problems for England and France was the thirty years’ war, which began with conflicts between Catholics and Protestants within the Holy Roman Empire, it involved most European states. The war ended with many central European lands in ruins and the balance of power shifted toward France, England, and the Dutch Republic. France for years had to raise
... However, these justifications appear fabricated and rather pathetic, as many comrades believe the source of income for such a magnificent article to be a wealthy mistress of Porthos’s rather than his own pocket (22-23). The inclusion of these oppositions to Porthos’s account serve as a ridicule of the gravity placed upon materialistic items as a measure of self worth and authority, as such articles are obtained through the value of currency, as opposed to the values of intellect and character.
murdered him. A lynch mob gathered and drug her off and hanged her. Later on
The French people were quick to blame the government for all the misfortune they possess, yet ignored the potential evil or crisis the social body was heading towards within themselves. Because of the rapid sequence of horrific events in the beginning of the French revolution, it prevented the subversive principles to be spread passes the frontiers of France, and the wars of conquest which succeeded them gave to the public mind a direction little favorable to revolutionary principles (2). French men have disgraced the religion by ‘attacking with a steady and systematic animosity, and all it is there that the weapon of ridicule has been used with the most ease and success (2). Metternich was not in support of the French
What was the Thirty Years’ War? The Thirty Years’ War was the last major religious war in European history. The war spanned 30 years, from 1618 until 1648, and has 4 major phases; Bohemian, Danish, Swedish and French. The Bohemian and Danish phases were religious and local conflicts, while the Swedish and French phases were political and continental. By the end of the war, the Habsburgs had lost all control over their Princes and France was an ascending european power. The Thirty Years’ War marks an important change in Europe 's history for it marks an end to the greatest religious struggle Europe had ever
Nardo, Don. A. The French Revolution. San Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. Print.
D'Artagnan is a young, impoverished man from the rural area of France called Gascony. He goes to Paris in hopes of becoming one of the king's musketeers. He has few assets and relies on his wit and charm to guide him. Despite his lack of juvenility, he still deeply believes in the idea of chivalry. It is that ideal that earns him the respect and friendship of his friends Athos, Porthos, and Aramis. D'Artagnan is also a very passionate man. He pursues both his enemies and love interests with reckless abandon. An example would be D'Artagnan's pursuit of his 'evil-guiness,'; Rochefort. Also, his passion is exhibited in his quest to aid the queen. Such deeds also prove D'Artagnan's bravery. And, it is D'Artagnan's bravery that earns him the trust of the queen and allows him to pursue his love interest, Madame Bonacieux. D'Artagnan's bravery also allows him to become a soldier, and later, a musketeer. It also gives D'Artagnan the courage to battle against the cardinal, despite his power. Thus, his bravery also gets him into trouble. D'Artagnan is constantly at battle against the cardinal and his agents. However, D'Artagnan is not alone in his battles. His friends support him throughout the book. And, D'Artagnan is equally allegiant to his friends. He supports his friends whenever the need arises. An example would be D'Artagnan's choice to fight with his friends in their first melee with Rochefort. D'Artagnan is indubitably loyal to his friends, as they are to him.
The story begins with the Marquise de Merteuil corresponding with Vicomte de Valmont regarding a luscious new act of ‘revenge’, as she describes it, against the Comte de Gercourt. The young Cecile de Volanges has just come home from the convent and her marriage to Gercourt has been arranged. However, before he can wed the innocent child, Merteuil proposes Valmont ‘educate’ her, thus spoiling Gercourt’s fancy for untarnished convent girls. Valmont is uninterested in such an easy seduction and is far more aroused by the thought of lulling The Presidente’ de Tourvel, the very epitome of virtue, into submission. And so the tale unfolds.