Biopsychosocial Model

Choosing appropriate frameworks for a DNP project is essential. These frameworks provide the scientific underpinnings for the DNP project, and when integrated into the project can provide the structure for the research question and DNP project (Terry, 2018). Eldh et al. (2017) found that studies which comprise both a clinical and implementation intervention can have a “greyness” in understanding the difference between the two interventions (clinical vs. implementation). This “greyness” can cause ambiguity in determining the effect of either the clinical intervention, the implementation intervention, or both (Eldh et al., 2017). To help alleviate this “greyness” and attempt to avoid any ambiguity in understanding the effects of the interventions,

Engel (1977) recommended the need to discard the biomedical model and he developed the biopsychosocial model to understand and care for illnesses. The biopsychosocial model evaluates the entire person by recognizing the biological, psychological, and social components of illness rather than just the biomedical model’s focus on only the biological component (Bevers, Watts, Kishino, & Gatchel, 2016). In regard to pain, before Engel conceptualized the biopsychosocial model, pain was generally viewed as a purely organic process and if the pain was not organic, the patient was referred for mental health care and diagnosed with psychogenic pain (Bevers et al., 2016). In the biopsychosocial model, pain is a complex interaction among the biological, psychological, and social components that are unique to an individual (Engel,

Research for this DNP project will be presented to the clinical staff from the literature review completed for the DNP project. Clinical experience and patient preferences will be evaluated by the clinic staffs’ perceptions of these sub-elements. Context is “the environment or setting in which the proposed change is to be implemented” (Kitson, Harvey, & McCormack, 1998, p. 150). Context is comprised of the three sub-elements of 1) culture, 2) leadership, and 3) measurement (Kitson, Harvey, & McCormack, 1998). In this DNP project, the context will be the Air Force Family Practice clinic where the project is implemented, and the sub-element of context will be assessed based on this clinic. Facilitation is what will help make the change easier for people (Kitson, Harvey, & McCormack, 1998). Facilitation is broken into the three sub-elements of 1) characteristics, 2) role, and 3) style (Kitson, Harvey, & McCormack, 1998). The characteristics will be based on the clinic’s leadership and this DNP student as the project clinical champion. Characteristics of these two roles will be evaluated by the clinic staff. Role will be evaluated by each clinic staff member and their perceptions and understanding of their own roles as well as other’s roles in the implementation of this DNP project. The style of this DNP project will be based on,