- In a normal blood sample, there should be a range of hemoglobin, RBC, MCV, WBC, and platelets. Hemoglobin’s function is to carry oxygen from the respiratory organs to the rest of the body. RBC’s function is to remove carbon dioxide from the body. MCV’s just refer to the average volume of red blood cells, which remove carbon dioxide. WBCs are extremely important for the body. They protect the body from infections, diseases, and foreign invaders. Platelets are also important to the body and their function is to prevent bleeding.
5. Are the lab results of the blood sample normal? Which values are normal and which are not? (Refer to the chart of Nikoleta’s results.) (4 points)
- The lab results of the blood sample are not normal. The hemoglobin are much lower then they should be. The MCV lower then the low end of the range. The WBC is 5,000 cells/ml above the top range. However, the RBC and Platelet count are in the normal range.
6.
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Why was an analysis of Mr. and Mrs. Stamos’s blood ordered? (4 points)
- An analysis of Mr. and Mrs. Stamos’ blood was ordered because, “sometimes disorders like anemia can have a genetic basis.”
7. Would a picture of Mr. Stamos’s red blood cells look like Nikoleta’s red blood cells? Why? (2 points)
- Mr. Stamos’ red blood cells would not look like his daughter Nikoleta’s because he has a much milder hypochromia and macroytic anemia. Although, Mr. Stamos’ would also be light in color his red blood cells would still be large unlike Nikoleta’s, which are small.
8. What is erythroblastic anemia? (4 points)
- Erythroblastic anemia is when there is a large number of nucleated red blood cells.
9. What are the general features of Cooley’s anemia? (5
Thyroid and metabolism hormones play a large role in the daily lives of all living species. Thyroid hormones regulate the metabolism and the metabolism is responsible for maintaining a specific range for the biochemical reactions that occur in the body (Martini 2014). The most important hormone for metabolic maintenance is thyroxine (T4). This hormone also plays a large role in body heat regulation. It is produced by the pituitary gland and secreted by the thyroid gland. The thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) must trigger the thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) to release thyroid hormones to the thyroid gland. These hormones are under control of the hypothalamus, or main neural control center. Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a medication used to treat
Red blood cells deliver the oxygen to the muscles and organs of the body.
According to Virtual Medical Centre (2014) the primary function of the blood is to act as a transport, to give the body protection and to help regulate. The blood dissolves gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. The blood also transports vital nutrients throughout the body, such as micro-nutrients, fatty acids and amino acids. The flow of the blood helps to regulate the body’s temperature. Also the blood removes wastes material of metabolism. Blood cells (white and red cells) are carried through the body to help with the body’s natural defense, blood clotting and the carry anti-bodies.
The blood of the unknown person became apparent through comparing the blood type found at the crime scene with the contrasting blood types of the suspects. The blood identified at the crime scene could have possibly belonged to Anna Garcia or Erica Piedmont. This observation was based on the information that the blood type found at the crime scene was type A and these two individuals are the only ones that carry that specific type. In similarity, a microscopic photography was taken of the unknown hair follicle found at the crime scene. Then hair samples were taken from the potential suspects, and the victim. These findings were then compared. This was done by looking at each individuals hair follicles and comparing it with the unknown one. By looking at the similarities and differences in medulla diameter, the discovery of the unknown hair follicle became established that it belonged to Anna Garcia. Further examination resulted in the analyzation of a shoe print found at the crime scene. Shoe patterns and sizes were taken from each suspect, including the victims. They were then identified and compared to the one found at the crime scene. By looking at the distinct pattern, size, and the fact that both shoes were a Columbia brand sneaker it became obvious that the shoe print was extremely similar to Anna’s shoe design. Through this found evidence it became
Determining and diagnosing iron deficiencies remains an extremely difficult task due to increased plasma volume, inability to determine a “normal” ferritin level, and lack of standard testing procedures to identify the condition. Athletes generally show increased blood plasma volume, thereby altering results of an iron deficiency test. Hematocrit, the percentage of blood volume composed of formed elements, is often referenced when determining the erythrocyte concentration in a person’s blood. According to Gusmer and Dengel, low to normal hematocrit levels (42 to 52 percent in males and 37 to 47 percent in females) and a slightly higher number of red blood cells allows the best transport of oxygen throughout the body, thus optimizing performance.
Describe which blood types he can receive safely and why these are compatible with his type B.
Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin (HbA) move easily through the bloodstream, delivering oxygen to all of the cells of the body. Normal red blood cells are shaped like doughnuts with the centers partially scooped out and are soft and flexible.
In regenerative anemia, the bone marrow is responding to the anemia by increasing the erythrocyte or red blood cell production. This means that there will be an increase in immature red blood cells in the circulating blood. On a blood smear it is likely to notice nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs), polychromatophils, an increase in reticulocytes, and also Howell-Jolly bodies (HJ bodies). The cause of this type of anemia is usually hemorrhage or hemolysis. Since the bone marrow is responding, it is likely that the red cell mass will eventually return to normal once the bone marrow has produced enough red blood cells to make up for the significant loss. Since the patient has lost a substantial amount of blood, albumin and globulin levels are usually decreased. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of the animal is going to be increased during this time because of the fact that the reticulocytes are larger than mature erythrocytes. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) will be decreased. This is decreased as a result of the immature red blood cells, especially the reticulocytes, since they are larger cells that have less hemoglobin, because the bone marrow is trying to produce cells as quickly as possible, but due to that t...
- can help identify cytoplasmic granules characteristic of myeloid cells (i.e.leukocytes that are not lymphocytes).
VI. Some individuals requiring blood are surgical patients; burn victims; accident victims; anemics'; hemophiliacs; seriously ill babies; and persons suffering from leukemia, cancer, kidney disease and liver disease.
Anemia is a disorder in which the body is lacking healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to body tissues. There are approximately four hundred different forms of anemic disorders. There are three key causal factors of anemia: a significant blood loss, a decrease in the body's ability to make new red blood cells, or a disorder that causes the increased destruction of red blood cells. Anyone can acquire anemia at any time. Poor diet, abnormal hormone levels, some chronic diseases and pregnancy can bring about an anemic condition. A diet that is lacking iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12 can also contribute to the cause of anemia. The body requires the hormone erythropoietin to produce red blood cells. This hormone stimulates bone
Polycythaemia is a blood disorder defined as an increase in blood erythrocyte concentration. Absolute polycythaemia is where this increase is caused by greater erythrocyte production, determined by measuring the haematocrit level, with one study showing that 83% of sufferers have a haematocrit level of >55%. This should not be confused with relative polycythaemia, caused by a decrease in blood plasma volume often secondary to hypertension. Interestingly, those affected tend to also have increased blood platelet and white cell concentrations, which correlates well with the notion that the disease is caused by a genetic defect in the haematopoietic stem cell population within the bone marrow. Studies have shown the median age of onset to be 60, although a Mayo Clinic study in Olmstead County, Minnesota showed it to be slightly higher, at between 70 and 79 years, with men affected more than women – though the reason behind the gender inequality is currently unknown. In addition, its prevalence within the US is thought to be in the region of 50/100,000. Furthermore, it has long been known that Finnish skier and seven time Olympic champion Eero Mantyranta suffered from the disease, and it is often stated that his success, at least in part, can be put down to his polycythaemia – indeed experiments have shown that it can increase the blood oxygen carrying capacity by up to 50%, an undeniable asset to any endurance athlete. However, the disease can also prove fatal in many cases because the thickened blood increases the probability of clot formation, giving deep vein thrombosis and potentially pulmonary embolus. It is this double edged nature of polycythaemia that first took ...
Red Blood Cells contain hemoglobin molecules to help bind to oxygen to bring to other tissues. Without this function, cells would not be able to go through the process of cellular respiration and can only survive a short time. Red Blood Cells are also able to carry bicarbonate as a waste product and carry a variety of hormones to communicate between organs.
In order in to understand bloodstain pattern analysis, we must explore the origin of the process. The history of bloodstain pattern analysis has been linked to the modern age and we also know that there have been reports of individual cases and descriptions of individual bloodstain. In 1895, Eduard Piotriwski, from the University of Vienna where he published and was the first to organized a study of blood stain pattern “On the formation, form, direction and spreading of blood stains resulting from blunt trauma at the head” According to researchers and documents, Piotriwski’s processed included covering the corner of a room with sheets of...
Thalassemia is a blood disorder transferred through families. It occurs when the body makes less hemoglobin than needed or an unusual form of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen. The disorder makes an excessive amount of destruction of red blood cells. This eventually leads to anemia.