CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
I.1 Background of the Study
Building a bilateral relation with another state always becomes very needed and important to a state to enhance its foreign relations. It also applies to Indonesia as one of the most populous countries in the world with the third largest democracy in the world. As one of the example, the bilateral relation between Indonesia and Australia. Indonesia has been shared a strong bilateral relation with Australia since a very long time ago. Indonesia and Australia have a relationship that is interesting to be reviewed, because they have a lot of differences instead of they have known as neighbor countries. These differences could be in the sector of politics, religions, culture, history, and many
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As both countries have been neighbors and undergo a bilateral relation for a long time, they become strategic partners and become important for each other, and also they would like to enhance their ties on the sector of politics, economic, development, security, education, the connection of people-to-people, and other …show more content…
These phenomena can be seen as the shifting trends in the international politics, and we also cannot deny the important roles of non-state actors in doing diplomacy in the international politics. Sub-nation or regional governments – including provinces, districts, and cities – can also be included as non-state actors, where they can transform diplomatic activities and doing a policy decision making process. The sub-nation governments also play important roles in international relations, which they perform really active in some different ways including doing trade and cultural missions abroad, signing agreements and treaties with other non-state actors and foreign states, participating in international networks of the regional cooperation and more (Kuznetsov, 2015, p. 3). These phenomena of sub-nation or regional governments as non-state actors can be called as Paradiplomacy. As mentioned by Rodrigo Tavares, cities and states are the new international actors and the sub-nation entities can be seen as a space where the capital, people, goods, services, and information crisscross and solidify (Tavares, 2016, p. 3). Tavares also stated that nowadays some mayors and governors have exercising economic and political power at their level to fill the vacuum of effective
After evaluating the above factors, it is clear that the partnership between Australia and Japan is of significant importance to both countries. With reference to the Centre for Study of Australian-Asian Relations (1997:152) the future prosperity of Australia will to an increasing extent, be dependent on that of her neighbours in the Asia-Pacific area. Currently the Australia-Japan relationship could be described as “comfortable and relaxed”. However both Australia and Japan need to be alert to the changing environment and must ensure that the right frameworks and policy settings are in place in order for the two countries to prosper.
The study of the geopolitics around the globe and over time is a complex task. Numerous factors influence the causal chain of events that determine the course of a state’s history. Geography in its broadest sense limits the ability of a state to become a superpower, but it also allows certain states to thrive with relative ease compared to lesser developed countries. Location, terrain, technology, and demographics work in conjunction to affect the power of certain states, and it is through the effective use of these elements states attempt to raise or maintain their power. It is the fundamental goal of states to seek relative power over other states and regions, and states will act in ways they believe will maintain or increase their power. However, whiles sometimes states may act irrationally or in ways contrary to their own best interest, ultimately what is fundamental to the actions of a state is the belief that their actions will maintain or increase the state’s power.
Irony of this commercial tie between two countries is that despite of such important and huge bilateral commercial and economic relation this tie has been becoming complex and shadowed by tension because of several reasons. From U.S. perspective, many trade related issue appear because of a highly closed nature of the Chinese market. Although China has over a period of time has liberalized and opened up its econ...
The relationship between Australia and Indonesia was in a dark moment according Prime Minister Tony Abbot because of the
Since the end of the Second World War, the shape of the relations between the nations in the Pacific region has stayed more or less the same way until the present. However, there has been one big changed that affected the situation in the Pacific region and it was the outbreak of the Korean war and the creation of a Communist North Korea. This brought a huge inevitable change in relations between countries in the region. The stability that was brought about with the end of the Second World War disappeared and a new type of tension appeared. This especially affected the relations between the Korea and Japan to a great extent. In the past few years, the two countries have been seeking cooperation for the common aim of keeping the security in the Pacific region but things did not always work out fine due to many reasons including the historic background of two countries. In this paper, the historical background, the chronology of main events, the development of the relations and the current situation regarding the security and cultural issues, between Korea and Japan will be examined and analysed, which will be followed by a conclusion.
Australia and Indonesia have found that there are numerous concerns that contribute to their stable and constructive connection. Indeed, the main barriers such as the distinct closeness of these countries and the fundamental differences alters the attitudes of the citizens and their leaders. Other matters in Australian and Indonesian societies were also built around terrorism, execution, trade and defence; however, with all these setbacks the commentators were still keen to view Australia and Indonesia as natural allies.
To understand the international relations of contemporary society and how and why historically states has acted in such a way in regarding international relations, the scholars developed numerous theories. Among these numerous theories, the two theories that are considered as mainstream are liberalism and realism because the most actors in stage of international relations are favouring either theories as a framework and these theories explains why the most actors are taking such actions regarding foreign politics. The realism was theorized in earlier writings by numerous historical figures, however it didn't become main approach to understand international relations until it replaced idealist approach following the Great Debate and the outbreak of Second World War. Not all realists agrees on the issues and ways to interpret international relations and realism is divided into several types. As realism became the dominant theory, idealistic approach to understand international relations quickly sparked out with failure of the League of Nation, however idealism helped draw another theory to understand international relations. The liberalism is the historical alternative to the realism and like realism, liberalism has numerous branches of thoughts such as neo-liberalism and institutional liberalism. This essay will compare and contrast the two major international relations theories known as realism and liberalism and its branches of thoughts and argue in favour for one of the two theories.
From the beginning of their establishment, the bilateral relations between the United States of America and China have changed throughout the time. The bilateral relations between the two countries emerged in the 1970’s with the ‘Ping-Pong’ diplomacy and there have been many pauses in their mutual relations. The US and China enjoyed cooperation in economic and military spheres and the mutual relations grew massively during until the end of 1990’s. The heads of the two states began visiting each other’s countries and the economic ties were tightening year by year. However, the issues of human rights and free speech declined mutual Sino-American relations.
The relationship between the role of the state and globalisation is a complex one. Globalisation, as defined by the Financial Times, is the ‘integration of economies, industries, markets, cultures and policy-making around the world.’ However this definition, and many others like it, must by default mean that as countries become more integrated the divisions between them blur. This would create a Pangaea like nation, where states are not separated, physically, economically or socially. The main argument in this essay will be whether states, (which are inherently divided by physical and economic boundaries) and the role they have to play in general society will be less relevant in an increasingly globalised world.
This essay will describe the characteristics of the modern nation-state, explain how the United States fits the criteria of and functions as a modern nation-state, discuss the European Union as a transnational entity, analyze how nation-states and transnational entities engage on foreign policy to achieve their interests, and the consequences of this interaction for international politics.
“The process of globalization and the increasing role of non-state actors in global governance are undermining the role of the state as the principal actor in global policymaking.”
Heydon Ken The rise of bilateralism: implications for ASEAN, and beyond [Online] // East Asia Forum. - feb 1, 2010. - Mar 28, 2011. - http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/02/01/the-rise-of-bilateralism-implications-for-asean-and-beyond/.
The study of international relations takes a wide range of theoretical approaches. Some emerge from within the discipline itself others have been imported, in whole or in part, from disciplines such as economics or sociology. Indeed, few social scientific theories have not been applied to the study of relations amongst nations. Many theories of international relations are internally and externally contested, and few scholars believe only in one or another. In spite of this diversity, several major schools of thought are discernable, differentiated principally by the variables they emphasize on military power, material interests, or ideological beliefs. International Relations thinking have evolved in stages that are marked by specific debates between groups of scholars. The first major debate is between utopian liberalism and realism, the second debate is on method, between traditional approaches and behavioralism. The third debate is between neorealism/neoliberalism and neo-Marxism, and an emerging fourth debate is between established traditions and post-positivist alternatives (Jackson, 2007).
Globalization has effect the role of the state immensely; as the process of present’s challenges to state sovereignty and autonomy. In spite of borders becoming more ill-defined and fluid in as a result of the process of globalization (Weiss 2000, 2-3). The state will remain relevant and necessary because citizens need a place to cast their votes, taxes have to be paid to particular authorities, which can be held accountable for pub...
There is an undeniable fact that there has been a rise in globalization. It has become a hot topic amongst the field of international politics. With the rise of globalization, the sovereignty of the state is now being undermined. It has become an undisputed fact that the world has evolved to a new level of globalization, the transferring goods, information, ideas and services around the globe has changed at an unimaginable rate. With all that is going on, one would question how globalization has changed the system that is typically a collection of sovereign states. Do states still have the main source of power? What gives a state the right to rule a geographically defined region? It is believed by many that due to the introduction of international systems and increasing rate of globalization, the sovereignty of the state has been slowly eroded over time. My paper has two parts: First, it aims to take a close look at how globalization has changed the way the economy worked, specifically how it opened doors for multinational corporations to rise in power. Second, to answer the question, is it possible for it to exist today? And even so, should it?