Betty Neuman
Betty Neuman was an amazing theorist who created a system model that nurses implement daily. Within this paper you should be able to review Neumans personal and professional background. Learn the overview of the theory and what prompted Neumans development of this theory. Understand the impact this theory has on nurses and patients and understand how it correlates with the metaparadigm. Including the rationale of why this theory was selected to be discussed.
Personal and professional background
According to (www.Nurses.info). The theorist Betty Neuman was born in 1924 near Lowell, Ohio and became and RN by age 23. Neuman soon after graduated from Peoples Hospital School of Nursing program in Akron, Ohio. Upon graduation Neuman
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Neuman’s system model was also influenced by several sources including the philosophy writers de Chardin and cornu on (wholeness in system), Von Bertalanfy, Lazlo on (general system theory), Selye on (stress theory) and Lararus on (stress and coping) (currentnursing.com). The goal of this model was to provide a comprehensive holistic and system-based approach to nursing that contains an element of flexibility. The theory focuses on the response of the patient system as a whole to actual or potential environmental stressors and the use of primary, secondary and tertiary nursing prevention for retention, attainment, and maintenance of patient system wellness (www.nursing-theory.org). This theory helps nurses considered all the variables of the client, including but not limited to, works stress, relationship stress, social stresses, sleeping habits, eating habits etc., Neuman believed that all the stressors of the environment has affects ones health. (www.Nurses.info). Neuman believed that maintaining one’s stability when changes occur in life will help increase ones overall health status throughout …show more content…
The human being as a whole, health, environment and nursing. The human being is viewed as an open system that interacts with both internal and external environment stressors (nursingtheories.weebly.com).The human is in constant change, moving toward a dynamic state of system stability or toward illness of carrying degrees (nursingtheories.weebly.com). It considers the environment by looking at the stressors that interact with a person’s state of health such as the internal and external stressors (nursingthoeries.weebly.com). It looks at the person’s health and the dynamic condition, the stability with the normal line of defense and wellness and how it all exists when all the parts of a person works harmoniously (www.nursing.tcnj.edu). It also overlaps the nursing aspect of the metaparadigm by helping nurses take a holistic approach in considering all factors affecting the client’s health and to promote optimal wellness to its client through retention, attainment, or maintenance of the stability of client systems (www.nursing.tcnj.edu).
Rationale for selection of this theory
Neumans theory was selected for discussion in part because Neuman’s theory can relate to everyone who deals with stressors on a daily basis and can be adaptable with any setting, because it focuses on the human being as a whole and how humans react to stressors. Her theory helps nurses take more of a holistic view and understand that
Betty Smith was born Elisabeth Wehner on December 15, 1896. The daughter of German immigrants, she grew up poor in Brooklyn, a world where she re-creates in “ A Tree Grows in Brooklyn.”
These four concepts play a very important role throughout the care in every single patient we are in contact with. The concept of person is used to represent each individual patient, such as a man or a woman (Chitty & Black, 2014). In the nursing profession, we know that every person is different in their own way from many different factors such as, genetics and environment. As a nurse, we incorporate the different factors that make a person who they are today. According to Chitty & Black (2014), the concept of environment includes all the influences or factors that impact the individual. The environment plays an important role in either promoting or interfering with the patient’s health. The environment can consist of many different systems, such as family, cultural, social and community systems. All these different systems can play a role in the patient’s health. The third major concept of the metaparadigm is health. The concept of health varies from person to person and day-to-day with many different factors included (Chitty & Black, 2014). Health includes every part that makes a person whole, which includes being able to perform their everyday tasks in life effectively. The last concept of the metaparadigm is nursing. Nursing, being the final concept includes all the previous concepts of person, environment and health to create a holistic approach (Chitty & Black, 2014). The holistic approach promotes the well-being of the mind, body and spirit in our
In 2005 Fawcett stated “the metaparadigm of professional nursing incorporates four concepts: human beings, environment, health, and nursing” (as sited in Kearney, 2012, p. 4). This paper discusses my philosophy of nursing by stating my own personal definitions, values, and assumptions regarding each of the above mentioned concepts. My paper concludes with an exemplar from my own nursing practice and how I integrated my nursing philosophy into that particular clinical situation.
The Neuman Systems Model provides a systematic approach to nursing research and practice that allows for empirical research and data collection. This model has been used to develop several middle range theories; it also encourages evidence-based practice and outcomes (Ume-Nwagbo, DeWan, & Lowry, 2006). Neuman (2007, p. 112) states, “Theory-based care activities will scientifically validate a science of nursing, helping close the gap between practice and education.” Continued research is needed to support and refine the concepts that produce theory-based nursing interventions in nursing practice. The Neuman Systems Model Research Institute is committed to encouraging research that is focused on obtaining new nursing knowledge based on the Neuman Systems Model and derived middle-range theories (Neuman & Fawcett,
The development of nursing theories has provided a perspective in which one can define the purpose of nursing, when nursing is required, and establish the parameters and goals of therapeutic nursing activities (Ahmed,2001). A nursing theory is defined "as concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining and predicting the phenomena of nursing” (Boxer & Jones, 2010). In addition, nursing theories provide frameworks through which nurses can examine various situations. As nurses encounter new situations, these frameworks provide a structure for organization, analysis, decision making and communication (Ahmed, 2001). The following paper will discuss the middle range nursing theory of Family Stress and Adaptation by Geri LoBiondo-Wood, and how it relates to patient care and guides nursing practice.
McIntyre, M. & McDonald, C. (2014). Nursing Philosophies, Theories, Concepts, Frameworks, and Models. In Koizer, B., Erb, G., Breman, A., Snyder, S., Buck, M., Yiu, L., & Stamler, L. (Eds.), Fundamentals of Canadian nursing (3rd ed.). (pp.59-74). Toronto, Canada: Pearson.
"Philosophy is an attitude towards life that evolves from each nurses’ beliefs" (Parker, 2001). It is the philosophy that underlies our practice what brings to life our desire to be nurses. Philosophy is essential because it is the natural extension of our interest in knowing the truth (Parker, 2001). A metaparadigm is the widest perspective of the discipline and a way to describe the concepts that concern the profession of nursing (McEwen & Wills, 2014). In this paper, my philosophy of nursing will be discussed through reflection on the four nursing metaparadigm concepts to determine if anything should be added or taken out.
In less stressful environment, nurses able to incorporate caring relationship, improve interactions between patient and a nurse, and develop understanding of the other person’s perspective (Nicely, K, Sloane, D., Aiden, L., 2012).
In order to do that the nurse has to be able to incorporate all aspects of nursing into the care. Whether it is caring for physical, cognitive, mental, social, or cultural problems the nursing science and philosophy should always be implemented in the same manor or basis. It is important to understand that these factors can theoretically continue to impact the development of science, including nursing science (Daiski, 2016). It is essential to incorporate all the central concerns of nursing into the nursing practice to be able to provide the necessary care. Daiski stated that it is demonstrated by the four-metaparadigm concepts, which are human being, health, environment, and nursing. It then contains a philosophy based on social justice, so that we are able to comprehend the complications of the narratives our patients tell us so that we are more prone to holistically understand their journeys (Daiski,
A metaparadigm is an overarching framework that provides a comprehensive perspective of a discipline. In nursing, this framework serves to distinguish the profession intellectually, comprising of four concepts which provide a foundation to the content and context of nursing theory and scope of practice (Lee & Fawcett, 2013; Masters, 2014; Schim, Benkert, Bell, Walker, & Danford, 2007). Namely, these foundational concepts are: person, environment, health, and nursing. Hence, the intent of this essay is to describe the four main concepts that make up nursing’s metaparadigm and discuss how they are used in practice, education and research.
The human becoming theory posits quality of life from each person's own perspective as the goal of nursing practice. It is a human science theory that views individuals as an open, unitary and free-willed beings that co-creates their health and interact with their environments. The human becoming theory views nursing as a basic science with a unique knowledge base. Parse defined unitary as the indivisible, unpredictable and ever-changing part of human that makes choices while living a paradoxical pattern of becoming in mutual process with the universe (Parse, 2004). Health is living one’s own chosen values; it is the quality of life experienced and described by the person and it cannot be given, guarded, manipulated, judged or diagnosed. It is a process of becoming that is unfolding and cannot be prescribed or described by societal norms but by the individual living t...
Health is a state of well being, allowing humans to care for themselves independently. Everyone’s health condition is different and every person has a different perception of health. My view of health has affected my nursing practice in that I believe nurses must be competent, understanding the varying degrees of health and advocating on behalf of the patients. I believe when people no longer have the ability to take care of themselves independently, nurses are educated to assess, develop a plan of care, implement the plan, and make changes in order to achieve optimum health for all humans. I continuously make an effort to understand each patient’s specific health condition while striving to provide optimum
The theory has generated various studies from different disciplines such as developing frameworks for nurse resilience (Turner & Kaylor, 2015), complex adaptive systems (Florczak, Poradzisz, & Hampson, 2012), quantitative research on Neuman’s lines of defense and resistance (Gigliotti, 2012), medieval metaphor in simulation debriefing (McClure & Gigliotti, 2012), and developing assessment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting through NSM (Bourdeanu & Dee, 2013). There are a lot of current studies today that continually use NSM into developing new middle-range theories to guide education, research and practice which suggest a growth and change within disciplines. In addition, the value of Neuman’s theory is most applicable in a world that is ever-hanging. Because the world is in constant evolution, various ways of assessing primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to risk factors are significant to nursing practice. NSM will advance a global agenda for wellness that prevent further complications and increase client satisfaction (Lowry, Beckman, Gehrling & Fawcett, 2007, p. 227). Helping clients achieve an optimal stability with NSM-guided nursing practice is also accomplished by fostering global and national collaboration among various disciplines. Furthermore, it is predicted that by 2050, an increase in wide dichotomy in interpersonal connection will exist. Because of this, nurses guided by NSM are keys to
This interactive grand theory is grounded in humanist philosophy, which expresses the belief that humans are unitary beings and energy fields in constant interaction with the universal energy field. This model guides the nurse who is interested in “physiologic” and “psychological” adoptions (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 177). This model views the nurse as holistic adaptive system constantly interacting with different stimuli. And also explains how different sets of interrelated systems maintain a balance between various stimuli to promote individual and environmental transformation (Alkrisat & Dee, 2014). This model creates a framework to provide care for individuals in health and “in acute, chronic, or terminal illness” (Shah, Abdullah, & Khan, 2015, p. 1834). It focuses on improving basic life processes of individuals, families, groups of people; nurses see communities as holistic adaptive systems. It consists of three basic assumptions: philosophical, scientific, and cultural. And it also contains many defined concepts about the environment, health, person, goal of nursing, adaptation, focal, contextual, and residual stimuli, cognator and regulator subsystem, and stabilizer and innovator control processes (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p.
She was able to identify individual’s needs, which carried forth in to her theory. She wanted to set standards and values that would meet the broad range of human needs, yet be able to recognize individual differences among patients (Anderson, 1999). Because Henderson was primarily a nurse educator, her theory focuses on the education of nurses. Her theory was created from both her education and practice, making her work appealing to both ends of the spectrum (McEwen & Wills, 2011). Her theory is focused on the needs of a patient but in Henderson also emphasizes the importance to continue education and research. She stresses the significance of constantly searching for the best solutions and practices for optimal patient care (Anderson,