The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases nearby the planet Earth that is retain by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere save life on Earth by captivating ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface during heat retention and dropping extreme temperatures involving day and night (the diurnal temperature variation).
The general name air is given to the atmospheric gases use in breathing and photosynthesis. By amount, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.9% argon, 0.03% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contain a uneven quantity of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level. Air substance and atmospheric pressure fluctuate at dissimilar layers, and air proper for the continued existence of terrestrial plants and animals is
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the upper border of the atmosphere). The exosphere is the region away from the thermosphere. It extend from the exobase, which is to be found at the top of the thermosphere at an altitude of about 700 km above sea level.The exosphere merge with the bareness of outer space, where there is no atmosphere.
This layer is mainly comprised of tremendously low densities of hydrogen, helium and numerous heavier molecules which are nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide closer to the exobase. These molecules are so distant that they can move hundreds of kilometers with no collision with one another. Thus, the exosphere no longer behaves like a gas, and the particles persistently escape into space.
Thermosphere
The thermosphere is the second-highest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It extends from the mesopause at an altitude of about 80 km up to the thermopause at an altitude range of 500–1000 km . The height of the thermopause varies significantly due to changes in solar movement. As the thermopause lies at the lower margin of the exosphere, it is also refer to as the
Merriam Webster dictionary defines atmosphere as a) "the whole mass of air surrounding the earth" and b) "the overall aesthetic effect of a work of art." Kate Chopin integrates these two definitions together effortlessly in her short story "The Storm." The meteorological atmosphere parallels the literary atmosphere with the building tension, the culmination, and the aftermath.
Antarctic’s ice melt and accelerating sea level rise, the growing number of large wildfires, intense heat wave shocks, severe drought and blizzards, disrupted and decreased food supply, and extreme storm events are increasing to happen in many areas world wide and these are just some of the consequences of global warming. The fossil fuel we burn for energy coal, natural gas, and oil plus the loss of forests due to disforestation, in the southern hemisphere are all contributors for climate change. In the past three decades, every single year was warmer then the previous year and the warmest 12 years were recorded since 1998. We are overloading our atmosphere with carbon dioxide and trapping the heat and recently, the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere reached 400 pmm. Not just environmental issues are rising due to carbon dioxide increase but more and miscellaneous issues are appearing as climate change becomes more severe. For example, regional models and local analyses agree that Mongolia has become noticeably warmer and the climate change effect is damaging their millennial of historic nomadic lifestyle and even came to the peek of extinction. The Mongolian nomadic pastoralists became highly vulnerable to many an unusual climate impacts and extreme temperature fluctuation that have led to inadequate pasture land and loss of enormous number of livestock, often faces hostile environmental conditions that led o entrenched pastoral poverty. This essay focuses on how the climate change impacts the qualitative and quantitative value of indigenous culture and nomadic life style, and how the economy struggles in the magnitudes of massive migration of nomads to urban area while it fails to value t...
the earth that allow the world to be inhabitable. This layer of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases works
Climate, weather, and meteorology are 3 words that seem to be the same but in reality differ significantly. Two of these concepts pertain to the atmosphere but differ in what time and place they are studied in, and the last one is studying these concepts.
of water. Then water is evaporated back up into the sky via soil or water bodies and it is
Atmosphere: The Earth has one of the most versatile atmospheres because of the way the solar system here picks up water and carries it around the Earth for redistribution. We have a thick atmosphere that consists mostly of oxygen and nitrogen that helps plants and animals survive so well here on Earth. We also have a "greenhouse effect" that warms our atmosphere and it's surface.
Earth’s climate is determined by the physics and chemistry of its atmosphere. Earth’s atmosphere consists of four layers; troposphere which is closest to earth, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Hardy says, “During the past 100 years we humans, as a result of burning coal, oil, and gas and clearing forests, have greatly changed the chemical composition of the thin atmospheric layer.” There is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to burning fossil fuels. The atmosphere is made up of many gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. It also consists of trace gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, chlorofluorocarbons and, ozone. The trace gases have the greatest effect on our climate (Hardy 5). Up to a certain level, these gases help to keep the planet warm by absorbing certain infrared wavelengths, so that there can be life on the planet. Thus, they trap heat in the troposphere and stop it from escaping to space (Hardy 7). Therefore, the greater amount of greenhouse gases, the more heat trapped in the atmosphere. Earth’s temperature is increasing due to increased levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide released into the air from burning fossil fuels. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2001 report projects “global average surface temperature increases ranging from 1.4 to 5.8 degrees
Air pollution and greenhouse gases are the reason for the planet as it is today; the reason why we see campaigns flooding the media informing us to ‘switch off’, ‘save the planet’ and ‘turn down the heat’ and the reason why the government is trying to develop a successful scheme, such as the carbon tax scheme, to reduce air pollution caused by major industries. Air pollution and greenhouse gases are the two immediate causes of global warming and climate change. Air pollution occurs when chemicals or particulate matter enter the atmosphere. They can cause damage to living organisms on the planet, as well as destruction to the natural and synthetic environment (Energy Environment.net 2008). Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation emitted from the earth. They trap infrared radiation in the form of heat, and hence contribute to global warming. Anthropogenic greenhouse gases are a direct result of air pollution. They are the physical gases emitted that cause air pollution. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases also have an influence on the earth’s atmosphere, though it is not as conspicuous as anthropogenic causes. Together, air pollution and greenhouse gases are intensifying climate change and global warming on a world-wide basis.
What is the ozone layer? The ozone layer is a part of the stratosphere containing highly poisonous O3 gas with a strong odor. Ozone is formed by the action of solar ultraviolet light on oxygen. Ozone at ground level is a health hazard. High concentrations of ozone at ground level are dangerous to breathe and can damage the lungs. However, the ozone layer inhibits most ultraviolet and other high energy radiation from entering to the earth's surface.
"China Plans to Regulate Some of Its Carbon Emissions for the First Time Ever." Smithsonian. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 May 2014.
... Titan, researchers have already detected an active organic chemistry in the gas phase with a large amount of organic compounds in the high stratosphere; while the chemistry in the high stratosphere is in the gas phase, chemistry in the lower atmosphere are mainly in the condensed phase.
Climate Change is any substantial change in climate that lasts for an extended period of time. One contributor to current climate change is global warming, which is an increase in Earth’s average temperature. Plants and animal species throughout the world are being affected by rising temperatures. Many plants are flowering earlier now than they once did; animals, such as the yellowbellied marmot, are emerging from hibernation earlier; and many bird and butterfly species are migrating north and breeding earlier in the spring than they did a few decades ago, all because of slight changes in temperature cues. (Shuster)
Air is composed of molecules. Air is matter. It has mass and takes up space. Air is composed of different gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. Air molecules are in constant motion. As they move, they come in contact with surfaces. Air molecules push and press on the surfaces they contact. The amount of force per unit area that air molecules exert on a surface is called air pressure. (What is Air Pressure 6) Air pressure is caused by all of the air molecules in the Earth's atmosphere pressing down on the Earth's surfaces. We can measure air pressure to help us predict weather conditions around the world. Temperature also affects air pressure because air contracts when it cools and expands when it is heated. So if air above a region of Earth cools, it does not extend to as high an altitude as the surrounding air. In this case, its pressure at higher temperature is lower than in the surroundings even when the pressure at the surface is the same as in surrounding areas. Then air flows into the cooler region at high altitude, making the total weight of air above the region greater than in the surroundings. This is a "high". The cool air descends to the earth's surface. Near the surface, the falling air spreads out,
The molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO2. Carbon dioxide is a naturally produced nontoxic gas that has no smell. Carbon Dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas on the planet next to water vapor. In solid form it is commonly known as dry ice. It is a gas that is mandatory to the survival of most, if not all, living organisms on this planet. Terrestrial animals naturally create carbon dioxide in their lungs when the breathe out Humans alone do not physically or directly need carbon dioxide to survive though. Humans need carbon dioxide to survive because it feeds the plants which produce oxygen for us to breathe. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere also allows for a warmer temperature so that conditions on Earth allow it to be inhabitable. Today we hear that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is becoming a problem even though it is a naturally occurring gas. This is because humans have been interfering with the natural cycle of carbon dioxide.
In the second layer of earth’s atmosphere, also known as stratosphere the ozone continuously undergoes in formation and decomposition. The oxygen free...