GLOBAL PRACTICES: TO WHAT EXTENT HAS THE INDIAN “DUKA SYSTEM” INFLUENCED KENYAS DEVELOPMENT.
Kenya displays beautiful modern and traditional architecture. It boasts an array of charmingly designed mosques, temples shrines and monumental buildings from the earlier years, some of which are said to have come as a result of India’s presence in Kenya. This already sets the scene of how strong India’s influence on Kenya was.
The impact of the ‘Indian architecture’ in Kenya is undeniable, following the completion of the Kenyan-Ugandan railway many of the Indian community remained behind to begin a new life in Kenya. They built a lot of monumental structures and came up with innovative concepts that helped the nation’s wide spread development.
This essay will examine the role of the Indian ‘duka’ system and the work of A. M. Jeevanjee, in bringing about economic and social development in Kenya. However, it can also be argued that due to the great influence the Indians had, it took away Kenya’s architectural identity. Resulting in India’s involvement being seen as a hindrance rather than development. BRIEF HISTORY:
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They had strong influence on what information was being transferred to the locals. They were able to alter majority of information being relayed to the locals. Some of which incorporated Indian ideologies. “..Consequently, by the 1960’s, the Asian population of East Africa provided almost a quarter of the entire East African professional and managerial personnel, and about two-fifths of its highly skilled clerical and manual workers...” (Dr Bindeshwar, 2006). This took away the ability of Kenyans to practice or put out new modern ideas and name it their own. Taking away the locals “independence” is a setback in kenya’s development. Therefore, India’s involvement can be seen as a
Located in the Great Lakes area of East Africa, Kenya is home to an estimated 47 million. The country, covering over 223,000 square miles is bordered by Ethiopia and Sudan to the north, Uganda to the west, Tanzania to the south, and Somalia to the east. The areas around the coast of the Indian Ocean present a tropical climate, while the highlands are more temperate. There is no specific cultural normality with the nation because of such diverse ethnic backgrounds. As much of Kenya is riddled with poverty, her economy is based on labor-intensive industries, such as mining, manufacturing, mining, forestry, and agriculture. The
Stratton, E. (2002). The evolution of Indian stupa architecture in east Asia. New Delhi: Vedams.
The British begun to carve the land, fencing out many of the native communities from their homelands forcing them to the arid dry land surrounding modern day rift valley (Middleton, 158). British authorities of Kenya divided this country up into independent districts separating the British from the natives, they were here to establish a clear difference of rights between the British and the Natives. They t...
...r a decade before this became a reality.19Furthermore, during the late 1920s, the East African Indian National Congress, a key Indian political group in Kenya, consistently made demands for the abolition of colonial laws that disadvantaged and oppressed Africans.20 For example, they spoke out against the ban that prohibited Africans from growing cash crops such as coffee, which at the time greatly hindered Kenyan’s ability to succeed in agriculture, as well as the extortionate levels of poll and hut tax.21 The fact that many politicised Indians cared for Kenyans and were working in the interests of them, contrary to the popular belief that they were the corrupt exploiters of Africans, sheds further light on how the fractious race relations of Kenya’s history were largely created out of exaggerated stories that did not accurately represent the true actions of Asians.
Kenya is a country in East Africa on the coast of the Indian Ocean. Nairobi is the largest city and capital. As of 2016, the population was 48.46 million, but by the year 2025, the population should increase by 2.20 percent, making the population 66,959,993 people. Kenya has an increasing birth and death rate. Kenya's currency is called Kenyan shilling. One Kenyan shilling is equal to 0.0099 U.S. dollars. Kenya is known for their crop growth and living creatures.
European colonization in Kenya had a large impact on Africa’s religion and culture. Africa had over 100 ethnic groups in which were effected from the colonization. (Doc.2). The Europeans believed that Africans did not have a developed religion and believed in bizarre thing such as witchcraft (Doc.6). But, in the Abaluyia Story of Creation, it told how the world and man was created, which was really like the European religion of Christianity in which Adam and Eve was made in a similar way. This proved that they indeed did have an organized religion (Doc.7). In 1962, 80% of Kenyans believed in the indigenous beliefs, but after in 2002, only 26% of the population believed in the indigenous beliefs. Because Europeans believed in Christianity, Protestant beliefs went from 7% in 1962 to 38% in 2002, and Catholic beliefs went from 3.5% to 28% (Doc. 8). Europeans felt they gave Africans the Christian religion, a “superior” form of government, and a more developed civilization (Background Essay). The colonization in Kenya changed their culture also. Kenyans changed their clothing. Leaders of Kenya including the first president Jomo Kenyatta wore clothing very similar to the clothing of the Europeans (Doc.5). This made people feel that their clothing was not in fashion and they had to follow the way of the Europeans. This decreased the amount of people wearing their regular clothing and the amount of people following their own culture. Kenya’s religion and culture truly converted, because of European colonization.
"Kenya: Time for Change." Amnesty Now. Nov. 1997: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 05 Nov 2013.
The Republic of Kenya is located in the south of the Sahara, one of an advanced economy and peaceful country in east and central Africa. The United Nations has established four major office sites in worldwide; one of the four major UN official sites [1] built at the capital city Nairobi in Kenya. In Africa Continental, Kenya has a very important position. Due to its most advanced location and colonialist culture, the country is qualified to meet all pre-request for rapid development in the future. This country not only has significant potential for economic development in the less developed world, but also it has strong power and influence in Africa. Therefore, it is necessary to take a look at regulation
While Kenya was definitely one of the leaders in the race towards globalization in Africa, their progression forward was plagued with stops and starts that put them at a disadvantage. It was actually not until 1993 that Kenya fully integrated itself into the global market1. As Africa gained full independence from its colonial masters, “the global trading system remained highly inefficient, with advanced economies drawing on their technological edge to enjoy tremendous market powers: monopoly or oligopoly on the supply side, and monopsony or oligopsony on the demand side (Blue Hippo).” Due to the inefficiency of the system it was even more difficult for Kenya to gain ground in the global economy and thus their economy became impaired which in turn negatively impacted the evolution of their labor market.
"A Brief History on Kenya | Republic of Kenya | The Embassy of the Republic of Kenya." A Brief History on Kenya | Republic of Kenya | The Embassy of the Republic of Kenya. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
Collet, Michele Scribol: Art and Design. The Incredible Tata Somba Houses of West Africa's Tammari
A line is drawn between buildings erected to serve a mere function and those which are made to integrate an influential quality into all who happen to see them often through use of extravagance. The latter can be propelled into greatness based on whether or not they are successful in carrying out with this vision set forth by their creators. This is what sets apart an ordinary building from an impressive and monumental wonder. It is interesting to note how a building is set apart from others of its time when this building is made to represent the people as a whole. Of course this building will surpass the more ordinary ones juxtaposed within the city. Of course the society or ruler would like to put their “best ...
In the twelve nautical miles of ocean Kenya claims, there are coral reefs and a few small islands. In the rest of the eastern part of Kenya and three fifths of the northern area, it consists of semiarid, bushy hills, plains and low plateaus. Much of this area is bleak and barely inhabited. In the south- western side of Kenya, there are high plateaus and majestic mountains in which most of the inhabit...
The paper seeks to understand the political, social and cultural variables that have thrown Kenya into the geo-political limelight insofar as the so-called ‘War on Terrorism’ is concerned. The paper ends by discussing the security and economic implications of Kenya’s foreign policy positions as they relate to the evolving Middle-East conflicts.
With the passage of time, its significance is getting even more realized and recognized, to the extent of considering ‘culture’ as the mainstay of the largest democracy in the world. ‘Incredible India’ campaign has risen to a higher pedestal owing to the importance being given to the cultural symbols of the country. The socio-economic, political, legal, environmental and technological vibes of India are closely knitted to form part and parcel of the nation’s culture- where in lies its strength and indomitable spirit. In the realm of domestic tourism too, the diverse cultural expressions have played a great role. Indian art and architecture are classic representations of aesthetic beauty and time-tested creativity. The backgrounds of artistic productions are unique to India. Several inspirational and influential factors could be attributed to art and architecture of India. Yet, the humility and unclenched commitment to the society, which were the hallmarks of early artists, are depreciating in the 21st century. This is not at all a good sign for the cultural elation and dignity of the nation. On the basis of the pattern and direction of selective cultural adaptation that is taking place in India in the process of globalization of culture, and considering the historical features of its social structure and institutions it could be concluded that the Indian culture, whether local or national has sufficient resilience to succeed in preserving its cultural identity and also workout a successful and creative synthesis between the global and the local, regional and national levels of cultural styles, forms, and