3.6 Density
The density was measured by using an electronic densitometer. This apparatus operate by using the Archimedes Principle, which states the apparent loss in weight of a body immersed in fluid, is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced (Orr et a.l, 2003). Figure 3.10: Free body diagram of Archimedes Principle of density determination
Figure 3.10 shows the free body diagram of Archimedes principle. The density of materials is defined as a ratio of mass per unit volume. The unit of density is kilogram per cubic meter (kgm-3). Density of the solids could be determined by the technique as referred as the apparent porosity and apparent density. The density is difference for different materials. The lighter products have lower value of density compare to the heavier product which have higher value of density. The formula for density is:
Formula:
Where; W_d=weight of dried sample W_s=weight of suspended sample W_w=weight of wetted sample
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Figure 3.11 shows the Mettler Toledo density kit. This density kit use the Archimedes concept in determines the specimen density (Orr et al, 2003). Figure 3.11: Mettler Toledo density kit
3.7 Sample Preparation
The sample preparation is important to produce something that is representative to all specimens. The variation material properties will affect the preparation of sample. For example, the characteristic of material is important to move next step which is grinding and polishing.
3.7.1 Grinding
First, the sample need to label. Next, the water was applied and the flow was adjusted according to the amount of water used. The manuals fine grinding is performed by drawing the sample in one direction across the surface of the water on abrasive paper. The debris from the sample was washed and dried. The samples were ground from 600 to 2000 micron size of Silica Carbide paper. 3.7.2
Based on our observations during the separation techniques and some speculation, we were able to identify eight components of our mixture: graphite from the filtration residue, Epsom salt from crystallization, water and acetic acid through distillation, red and orange dye, iron metal, marble chips, and sand.
But the grain size ranges between 3 μm to 6 μm, 3 μm to 8 μm and 4 μm to 9 μm for 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm plates respectively. Higher polygon pin face edges approach circular pin, this vanishes the pulse formation in stirring. This leads to distorted grains due to decrease in dynamic area or lack of sweeping between tool and material. Whereas a low number of polygon pin face edges generates higher dynamic area. This shows the coarse grains relatively. The grain size ranges between 5 μm to 7 μm, 6 μm to 8 μm and 7 μm to 9 μm for 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm plates
A sampling port for measurement of the sediment concentration was located at 12.7 cm (5 in) from the bottom of the cylinder.
concentrations of 10mM, 20mM and 40mM. What this finding tells us is that our manipulation
In order to perform the micro hardness test on the samples, they were first roughly polished using belt grinder. Then they were polished with the Emery papers as described in previous descriptions so as to obtain flat surfaces and to avoid anomalies in the results.
Density is how much mass is in a certain volume. You can calculate density by dividing mass by volume. Water's density depends on its temperature and salinity. Cold water with a high salinity is more dense than warm water with a low salinity.
The method used was a standard method for compaction test using a 2.5kg rammer outlined in BS 1377-4: 1990.
The sample should be about the size of your thumbnail. Be sure to cut through every layer of the material so your sample is complete. Whenever possible, cut your sample from an existing hole or crack rather than creating a new one. Once the sample is free, immediately drop it into your airtight container or bag. Seal the container right away and wash the outside off with a damp paper towel. Wipe your knife and any other tools clean as well.
Much of what is known about the Earth can be learned from observing the other planets in our solar system. Every planet has a different mass and density. That means that planets create varied gravitational pulls on each other. By testing the effects of the Earth’s orbit on that of the other planets it becomes possible to estimate an overall density for the planet. Knowing the density of the Earth is extremely important to understanding it’s interior structure. Returning to ...
The materials that were needed to conduct this experiment was a concrete or lead object, a scale to weigh the object, string, empty bottles, sea water, a graduated cylinder for measuring the water accurately, and buckets filled with sea water.
In experiment 5, we are learning about density and specific gravity in measurements. Density is measured by mass divided by volume in order to get the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume. Specific gravity, on the other hand, is the density of a substance divided by the density of water and will cancel out the units in order to get a unitless measurement. Mass and Volume can be measured in two different ways, first mass can be calculated by directly placing it on the triple beam scale directly, or by weighing the difference. Volume can be calculated by displacement in the graduated cylinder or by calculating its dimensions. In this experiment, the objectives were to calculate the density of a solid by measuring its mass and volume,
The form of Density is partitioned into three sections: A measures 1 - 23, B measures 18 - 40, A1 measures 41 - end. The first A section can be broken into two parts: Aa mm1-14 and Ab mm.15-23. The B section may be broken into two smaller parts, the first Ba from measures 24-29 and the second Bb from measures 32-36 with the omitted portions (mm. 29-32 and mm. 36-40) functioning as transitional material. The unmistakable return of A occurs in measure 41.
The concept of buoyancy states that the upward force of an object immersed inside a fluid is equal to the amount of weight of the fluid it has displaced. The concept is also known as the Archimedes’ principle. After the mathematician, inventor and physicist Archimedes discovered it(Buoyancy - Concept, How it works 2014).
When the liquid level in both arms is the same, the pressure of the sample of gas inside the closed end must equal the pressure of the external atmosphere since the downward force on the two columns of liquid is then equal. When the liquid levels are unequal, the pressures must differ. The difference in pressure can be measured in units of length of the vertical column of liquid. The mm Hg, or its modern version the torr, originated in this use of the manometer. Mercury is particularly convenient for use in manometers (and barometers) because at room temperature it has low vapor pressure, does not wet glass, and has a high density. Other liquids such as linseed oil or water have also been used in manometers.