Chapter 4: Growth, Diversity, and Conflict New England’s Freehold Society Farm Families: Women in the Household Economy Women were subordinate to men (in all the colonies); expected to be silent around company and guests often did work around the house often had 6-7 children by their 40s (expected to give birth and raise many children at this times) Farm Property: Inheritance many New England immigrants sought to own land children of wealthy families received land when they married once married, women lost all property rights to her husband (did not matter how rich or how poor they were Free Society in Crisis as population grew, less land was available for children (this led to some people wanting t expand out west) farmers grew maize - …show more content…
conflict in the Quaker colonies - William Penn encouraged Quakers and Protestants to move to Pennsylvania - mainly advertised to Germans and other Europeans many immigrants became squatters - illegally settling on land eventually, the Penn family claimed Indian land near Philadelphia at first he paid them for the land, but he eventually just takes it - this leads to mistrusts and conflicts many earned a living as farmers and storekeepers - especially the Germans and other Europeans Cultural Diversity many immigrants married within their own ethnic groups Pennsylvania was by far the most culturally diverse colony the German Influx - Germans left Germany due to conscription (military draft), religious freedom, and taxes many became farmers Scots-Irish Settlers - Irish Test Act of 1704 - the reason why the Scots-Irish came to America only members of Church of England could vote in Ireland - Ireland was a big Catholic population so many were denied the right to vote many migrated to Philadelphia as they were lured by religious freedom (by William Penn in Pennsylvania) Religion and Politics by the 1740s, Quakers were a minority in Pennsylvania the Scots-Irish were hostile towards Indians (example shown later) Commerce, Culture, and …show more content…
The Enlightenment in America (late 1700s to early 1800s) The European Enlightenment - stressed human reasoning and natural rights - by John Locke John Locke - Two Treatises of Government - “life, liberty, and property” - consent of the governed (people are giving permission to the government to rule) Franklin’s Contributions founder of the Pennsylvania Gazette Franklin was a Deist (was was Jefferson and others) Deism - belief in God but did not interfere in the world positively or negatively God created the world and “stepped back” - let people make their own decisions and not get involved American Pietism and the Great Awakening Great Awakening: religious revival heavily based on emotion New England Revivalism - Johnathan Edwards - was a preacher - known for his sermons like: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (God’s really mad and you’ll burn in hell forever) drew inspiration from religious movements in Europe Whitefield’s Great Awakening - George Whitefield - great orator traveled around the country and gave amazing speeches him and Johnathan Edwards (and many others) became “New Lights” new preachers that focused on emotionalism Religious Upheaval in the North “New Lights” - those that embraced the Great Awakening and
A short background of how all of this even happened was due to King Charles II of England owing money to William Penn’s father because of a large loan he had with him. He gave it to William Penn because his father had already passed. He granted Penn a quite large piece of land west and south of New Jersey.The date of this offer was made on March 4, 1681. William Penn named the area Sylvania, which was Latin for woods. King Charles II then changed the name of the land to Pennsylvania in honor of William’s father. Penn being a quaker, had many ideas of making that land a place where anyone could come to worship their god freely. Being free to worship how they want, the English, Dutch, Welsh, German, French Protestants, Mennonites, Amish, Lutherans (from Catholic German states), and Dutch Quakers decided to head to that colony. Pennsylvania was confirmed to be William Penn’s land on January 5, 1681 and once that happened he started to sell the land, causing people to emigrate to his land. With Pennsylvania being about forty thousand square miles, he sold parts of the land for forty shillings per one hundred acres and one hundred pounds for five thousand acres.
Women, like black slaves, were treated unequally from the male before the nineteenth century. The role of the women played the part of their description, physically and emotionally weak, which during this time period all women did was took care of their household and husband, and followed their orders. Women were classified as the “weaker sex” or below the standards of men in the early part of the century. Soon after the decades unfolded, women gradually surfaced to breathe the air of freedom and self determination, when they were given specific freedoms such as the opportunity for an education, their voting rights, ownership of property, and being employed.
William Penn, Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania, soon after wrote the Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges and Liberties, a constitution for the colony of Pennsylvania, which enabled the people to freely practice their religion of choice without fear of government punishment.
The King of England awarded William Penn a large amount of land in 1681 as part of a debt he owed to the family. The King called this area Pennsylvania. Penn sought to change the name of this region so that it was not assumed that he had named it after himself in vain. Penn was passionate about the believe system of the Quakers and established a “surprisingly modern atmosphere in an unmodern age.” Pennsylvania was well advertised toward potential new settlers and attracted many people. It was a society based on the freedom of worship, peacefulness towards Indians, no restrictions on immigration, and a dislike for black slavery. The death penalty was only used for treason and murder.
Amish may be found throughout the United States, however, the large majority of them immigrated from Switzerland to Pennsylvania. “The Amish church began with a schism in Switzerland within a group of Swiss and Alsatian Anabaptists in 1693 led by Jakob Ammann. Those who followed him became known as Amish”. (Amish, 2014) When the Amish settled in Pennsylvania they acquired a language of Pennsylvania German, also known as Pennsylvania Dutch. The Amish culture is a growing culture within the United States. The Amish were saved from extinction by William Penn who allowed them a place to reside from religious persecution in America. William Penn was one of the founders of Pennsylvania. He believed greatly in religious freedom and wanted to create a place almost like a refugee for people to be able to go to escape the cruelty that is bestowed upon different religions. Although it is thought that the largest Amish population resides in Pennsylvania, in reality, Ohio has the largest Amish population in the United States and Canada and currently there is no Amish living in Europe.
William Penn was born in England and belonged to a wealthy family “possessed of wealth and status, which gave him almost immediate access to the halls of power in Restoration, England” (Moretta xii). I personally believe that the importance of status and wealth must have played a gigantic role in Penn’s life and his career. He lived a simple life and wanted the good of others, but knowing the status of your family would’ve generated something in his mind. He was a social individual and was liked by his peers until he was caught attending a Quakers meeting and arrested. His father left him homeless at the age of twenty-two and he started residing with the Quakers. He had to struggle in his early twenties but as they say; “with no struggle there is no inspiration.” He knew the consequences of attending the meetings but the interest kept him going. I believe this is when Penn realized the important things in his life and started to prioritize things that meant something to him.
The Puritan belief system has several guidelines that have been ingrained into the culture of the Massachusetts Bay area and its surrounding area. One of the first leaders of the Puritans was John Winthrop, and on the subject of his mission he stated that he wanted to create a “city upon the hill.” This “city” would be the beacon of example to others. The Puritans believed in model church communities and so religion was meshed with their everyday life. The Puritan religion was so significant, it needed to be taught to others, and so it was preached to other communities including the Native American population. The Puritans also believed in predestination and the power of good behavior, this helped in the overall countenance of the community. Although some of the surrounding colonies adopted various principles from the Puritans, others believed that the lifestyle was too harsh and thus rejected it. When the Puritan lifestyle did not prove successful, Roger Williams, a former Preacher of the Puritans, moved on to start the colony of Rhode Island. This new colony still held some principles of the Puritans but had much more freedom and leeway. Other colonies were influenced by the Puritans’ social structure either through adopting the Puritan principles or changing them to better fit the ideal
The increased demand for land, combined with this new ability to purchase the land, led to a change in the demographics of settlement. Instead the close protected towns, they began to settle down in individual farms outside of the towns where they could purchase larger parcels of land for less money. This was a catalyst in the transition away from the church governed society and set the foundation for a society run by the
Both the Amish and the Mennonites were part of the early Anabaptist movement in Europe, which took place at the time of the Reformation. The Anabaptists believed that only adults who had confessed their faith should be baptized, and that they should remain separate from the larger society. Many of the early Anabaptists were put to death by both Catholics and Protestants, and many others fled to the mountains of Switzerland and southern Germany. Then began the Amish tradition of farming and holding their worship services in homes instead of in churches. In 1536, a young Catholic priest from Holland, Menno Simons, joined the Anabaptist groups, who were nicknamed Mennonites. In 1693, a Swiss bishop named Jacob Amman broke off from the Mennonite church. His followers were called the Amish. Although the two groups have split several times, the Amish and Mennonite churches still share the same beliefs concerning baptism, non-resistance, and the Bible. They differ in matters of dress, technology, language, form of worship, and interpretation of the Bible. The Amish and Mennonites both settled in Pennsylvania as part of William Penn's holy experiment of religious tolerance. The first sizeable group of Amish arrived in Lancaster County in the 1720s or 1730s. Since the early colonial days the Amish have lived in the United States preserving their distinctive culture, dress, language and religion in peace and prosperity.
“What’s yours is mine and what’s mine is mine” (Women’s Rights). This quote may sound ridiculous. However, this quote gave a clear reflection of women’s lives before the 1900’s; women were not considered “people”. Once a woman got married, she lost all their rights! This continued until Ontario passed The Married Women’s Property Act in 1884. The movements for the right of married women grew in momentum as other provinces began passing the Act too. Before the Act was passed when women married, all of her possessions turned over to the husband. The husband could spend all of his wife’s money and leave her, although immoral, he would not be found guilty. Wealthy families tried to put a stop to the chance of their daughter’s wealth being taken advantage of by creating prenuptial contracts. These contracts were signed before the couple got married; it outlined...
The ancestors of today’s speakers of Pennsylvania Dutch likely immigrated to Pennsylvania in the early 1700s. In 1709 especially, as well as afterward, there was a great rush of Swiss and German immigrants to the Pennsylvania area (Tolles, F.B., 1957, p. 130). The main reason for this sudden surge of immigrants is the want for both religious and personal freedom (Springer, O., 1943, p. 31). Because the pre-United States area was not under as strict rule, they thought of it as an opportunity to be able to display their faith somewhere without discrimination and persecution. The speakers of Pennsylvania Dutch are not even Dutch. Rather, it is a soft South German from Bavaria, also known as the Palatinate. The name “Pennsylvania Dutch” is derived from the German word meaning ...
Theocracy is a control with no separation between religion and state. Divine law regulates all aspects of individual relationships (Perry, 206). Under correct circumstances, theocracy could be the most superior form of government. However, in a world filled with sin, this form quickly collapses under man’s control. Only when God truly rules is a theocracy tolerable (Rev. 21:3).
no longer had communal rights to the land and had to look to the large
The Quakers, also known as the Society of Friends was religious group that founded Pennsylvania. William Penn, one of the leaders, worked with the Quakers, Indians and the other population to make an ideal world for him, his followers, and the other people in his environment. With his efforts, and the help of others, the Quakers left a huge impact on Pennsylvania and the entire nation.
Though the Puritans, as well as some later groups, fled to the American colonies to escape religious persecution or restrictions, the fact remains that the Puritans had been granted "a charter from King James" for their settlement. Thus, the colonists who came to America for religious reasons were serving the primary purpose of generating profits for the Mother country of England (Boorstin et al.