It is important to know that in the post-colonial period most middle-eastern countries had a number of features (Ziad 2nd Nov).
1. They were all characterized by weak central government
2. Landed elite (land owners) were the dominant force
3. Economy was shifting towards the export of primary goods
In terms of domestic politics during that period, people had a variety of questions
I. Social question:
a. Mass impoverishment due to
i. Land misdistribution ii. Increase of unemployment
II. Economic question:
a. Dependent development
III. Political question
a. Formal politics
b. Election/representation
IV. National question
a. Incomplete independence
b. Continuity of colonial power presence
c. Foreign companies still owned things
The Arab Socialist
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He cultivated left-leaning officers as a means to protect his party, on the one hand, and to counterbalance the power landowners, on the other
Moving to the Iraqi Communist party (ICP), Comrade Fahd, Yusuf Salman Yusuf, rose to be the sole leader after the party became more organized. The goals ICP were seeking was
1. Fight the British existence, especially after the treaty of Portsmouth (177). It came to a point where they wanted to exclude Iraq from the British circle
2. End the misdistribution of land, as 1 percent owned more than 55 percent. Farmers lived in extreme impoverishment
The major issues were
1. Absence of social justice, as many Iraqi people were extremely poor, whereas British lived in extravagance
2. The exploitation of Iraq’s resources by imperialism
How ICP pursued were goals
1. Unlike ASP, ICP went underground because it could not tolerate another loss, like the one it had in the Wathbah (the leap) in 1948
Between 1450 and 1750, many majors changes were going on in Europe and South Asia. In Russia, strong leaders such as Peter the Great and Catherine the Great made various social reforms. In the Middle East, the Gunpowder Empires were flourishing and spreading Islam. In China and Southeast Asia, several power struggles occurred, as well as European trade starting. Although these changes affected society and created unity and conflict, religion being part of politics created both unity and conflict in Europe and South Asia through the Protestant Reformation and the policies of some of the policies of some Mughal rulers.
... Kuwait to get to the southern part of Iraq. In this situation, Iraq was left cornered. Also the movement of some of Osama Bin Laden's beliefs had greatly affected the war. This brought forth many opposing forces against the United States.
The UK saw the operations as a conventional naval deterrent in support of diplomacy. The major campaign objectives of the UK included: military deployment and operations to repel attacks on British people and territory; support the withdrawal of Argentine forces; and to re-establish British administration as quickly as possible.
Thematic analysis is espoused to be the foundational approach to qualitative analysis and methods (Saunders et al., 2016 as stated in Braun and Clarke, 2006: 78) and it is a useful method used to identify and analyse the order and patterns of qualitative data (Attride-Stirling, 2001). Qualitative research method depicts the correlation that exists between data and events, creating the pictorial representation of what one thinks a given data says (Saunders et al., 2016). They also opined that, qualitative data analysis is cogent, interactive and iterative. Also, Joana and Jill (2011) and Saunders et al (2016) postulate that, qualitative research brings meanings from words and images as opposed to numbers. However, despite its robustness and rigour of its application, it is skewed more to the interpretivist ideologies since researchers draw conclusion from participants and the hypothesis being forecasted (Joana and Jill, 2011; Saunders et al., 2016).
Imperialism is when a mother nation takes over another nation and become its colony for political, social, and economical reasons. Imperialism is a progressive force for both the oppressors (mother country) and the oppressed (colony), majorly occurring during the late 19th and early 20th century. It had more negative effects than positive effects due to its domination to other nations.
“The roots of all these problems go back to the settlement imposed on the Middle East in 1918-1922”(Field 26). Since before the start of World War I, there was a great Western presence in the area we know today as the Arab world. Britsh and French forces occupied Northern Africa since 1882; British occupied Egypt, at the request of Sultan in Constantinople, and the region we today call the Mahgreb: Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. In addition, to its presence in Egypt, Britain also kept the Gulf states under her protection and held Aden as a colony.
Since the invasion of Kuwait caught the world by surprise the question in everybody’s mind was – What were the reasons for the invasion? The first reason was Saddam Hussein. Saddam had two distinct characteristics: one, the determination to be remembered in history, two, and a certain vision of the future. Saddam wanted to have a unified Arab world with Baghdad as its center. Hussein also felt that after that after the fall of the Ottoman Empire there was an uneven distribution of wealth from oil reserves to the allied nations. Iraq’s only hope of survival was clearly oil revenues from its neighbor, Kuwait. Iraq’s economy was also hurt with the consequences of the 8-year Iran-Iraq War. When Iraq’s leaders claimed victory there were three-quarters of a million casualties (one third Iraqis), and heavy d...
For world history to genuinely work on a global scale what are the elements of cross-cultural world history?
British influence in the Middle East emerged during the 18th as Great Britain expanded their empire across the globe securing land, resources and riches. The Middle East, anciently referred to as Mesopotamia, developed into a vital midpoint connecting the land routes between the Orient and the coasts of the Mediterranean, which then connected to the European mainland. As Great Britain’s dominance in the Far East grew, the expanding empire fought to gain control of the Middle Eastern territory linking their holdings in the East and in the West. Great Britain maintained colonial influence in the majority of the land now within the modern boundaries of Jordan, Iraq, Israel and parts of Saudi Arabia for nearly 2 centuries. Following World War One and the breakup of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations partitioned the lands of the Middle East and Britain was given control of the lands in what ...
World Literature Essay “The Jane Austen novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ is basically concerned with the education of a young heroine” The statement “The Jane Austen novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ is basically concerned with the education of a young heroine” raises many questions. The term education in this context means a journey of ones self rather than a formal schooling education. From the beginning pages of the book the idea of Elizabeth being the heroine is established. Since there are other themes of the novel, themes of love, reputation and class, it can be questioned as to whether the novel is centred on the education of Elizabeth. Darcy is also a major character to the plot of the novel and contains the same faults as
The Middle East is a geographical and cultural region located primarily in western Asia, but also in parts of northern Africa and southeastern Europe (worldatlas.com). Ethnic groups such as Jordanians, Chaldeans, Assyrians, and Iranians all come from the Middle East. In this essay, topics that will be discussed are if all Middle Easterners are Arab or Muslim, what part of Asia is most of the Middle East located, if the Middle East is exclusively located in the Asian continent, and what stereotypes and/or generalizations may come up by the problematic geography of the region.
1900 to present: World War II, First Man on the Moon, Invention of the Cell Phone,
During the summer of 1941, Sadat and his military troops planned to takeover the government and exile the British. His military troops arranged to meet at the Mena House Hotel, but to Sadat’s disappointment, his unit was the only one to show up, leaving his first attempt at expelling the British unsuccessful. The fact that his first revolutionary attempt was ultimately a failure benefited Sadat in the long run because he never alerted the authorities of his anti-British behavior. Aware of Sadat’s attempt at a revolution, he was recruited by the Free Officers to help al-Masri fly to Iraq. Sadat was successful in ...
The Middle East has come along way since the rise of civilization thousands of years ago. Civilization emerged in the Middle East and northeast Africa along the river systems as agricultural societies grew in population and developed new forms of social organization. For the last two thousands years the west has been drawn to the middle east fascinated by the culture, religion, resources and politics. The Middle East has an immense impact on the world globally. My goal in this paper is to explain the ancient and modern significance of the Middle East and how it impacts the world in such a globalizing way.
World History class in 10th grade, I had a teacher, who always gave her opinion on history with irrelevant topic. She was Hawaiian , which made her very sensitive to events in history such as WWII , the Hiroshima Bombing,and Pearl Harbor because her uncle was paralyzed by the bombing of Pearl Harbor . WWII was the only topic we learned for the entire semester because her family raised her to believe it was a very important event in history. However,she didn’t cover any other historical topics of interest to students. Therefore,I had a hard time passing tests and quizzes because I wasn’t interested ,and I was bored.The questions were really difficult unless students were passionate about this particular part of World History. Therefore,