Pre-Lab Questions:
Define the following vocabulary words:
Speciation - is the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution
Mutation - a permanent, heritable change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene or a chromosome
Cladogram - a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species 2. Define “adaptation” in your own terms and give an example
Adaptation is a process where an animal or plant goes through a genetic mutation so it can be better fitted in the environment. An example of adaptation are the plants that live in hot and dry deserts. The plants have to go through a mutation where it is able to adapt to the hot climate. The plants are able to adapt in the desert because the plants
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I predict 1.0% petri dish will have half their eggs hatched but the other half it will not hatch. Same thing as 0.5% petri dish I believe that the brine shrimps live in a higher concentrated salt water. I predict the 1.5% petri dish will have the most brine shrimps swimming around because the water is a better suited environment for the brine shrimp.
Title: Suited Waters for Brine Shrimps
Objective:
Examine 3 different natural selections using brine shrimp and salt solutions. It will test the hatching viability of roughly 20 brine shrimp eggs in three different NaCl solutions over the course of 48 hours.
Hypothesis:
If there is a higher concentration of NaCl in the solution, then the hatching viability of the brine shrimp will increase.
I think a higher concentration of NaCl in a solution will result in a higher hatching viability because I’ve researched that brine shrimps live in high concentrated salt waters, such as the Great Salt Lake of Utah which has a great amount of salt in the waters. So, I believe that the petri dish with 1.5% of saline solution will be the closest related to an an actual environment brine shrimp live in. The population is influenced by the amount of salt in the water so if there is more salt than the hatching viability will be
Spawning occurs in shallow water when the female deposits her eggs in vegetated areas where they are fertilized and left unattended. A large female may deposit as many as 4,000 eggs at one time. Some fish as small as 5 inches may release no more than 400 eggs. They become sexually mature by at least age two. No parental care is given to the eggs.
Since water is the medium that the aquarium inhabitants must live in, it is the most vital component in any tank. The quality of the water used will directly effect how successful the aquarium is. The chemical balance of the water must be watched closely. If the salt content varies too much, or harmful chemicals build up, the water will kill the inhabitants of the tank.
The third part of the evolution theory is speciation. Speciation means that different groups of creatures that cannot exchange genes with one another cannot interbreed with one another.
Cleaner fish and cleaner shrimp fill the same ecological niche. Cleaner fish and cleaner shrimp fill the same ecological niche. Cleaner fish and cleaner shrimp fill the same ecological niche (OpenStax College, 2013).
Brine shrimps are crustaceans, relatives of fairy shrimps and water fleas. They are also related to lobsters, shrimp and crabs. There are several species of Brine Shrimp including San Francisco, New England and Mono brine shrimp. All of these species belong to the genus Artemia and the family Artemiidae. Brine Shrimp live in adverse and harsh environments such as salt lakes. They could experience high salinity, low oxygen levels, short days or temperature fluctuation. Brine Shrimp provide food for birds along their migratory path. They also rid the water of contaminants like phosphorous, nitrogen and other waste. They are filter feeders and consume various species of algae. In the classroom, placing the Shrimp in natural light will work best. To feed them, add a pinch of baker’s or brewer’s yeast once a week. If the Brine Shrimp will be kept in small tanks, the water quality will deteriorate quickly. Changing the water by 20% twice a week will
Evolution is change.S Evolution is a certain species changing to become better adapted to their surroundings and in the end this modification causes this species to become a new breed altogether. There was no scientist that understood how evolution works until Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace (See figure 1) explained it to them. Lots of scientists had realised that plants and animals change with time, as palaeontologists could track the evolution of life in the fossil record. The scientists figured out that life began in sea, then the fish evolved, and the fish developed in to amphibians on land, which then became reptiles, and then mammals etc. But none of them could figure out how this happened. Charles Darwin
This study, which was published in 2012 by the California State Science Fair, focused more on the growth factors of the brine shrimp in different pH environments. Although the findings of this particular study resulted in showing the ability of brine shrimp to thrive in higher pH habitats, this research project showed a larger population resulting in the basic and acidic tanks rather than the neutral. Many factors could have affected the results, producing the contradictions between the two projects. The pH levels of the 2012 study were only varied after the samples were already hatched. The current project focused on the ability of the eggs to hatch in the various pH solutions. There is a possibility that developed brine shrimp may have better chances surviving in acidic and alkaline environments, but these conditions may be too difficult for the delicate process of hatching. Human error could also play a role in the contradicting
The simplest definition of adaptation sees it as the process by which an organism that adjusts to the environment, both in physical and mental conditions. It is a dynamic process of mutual influence in the ultimate goal of maintaining life in changing circumstances. However, adaptation does not refer only to organisms, but also to the organization to which we can apply the rules of living systems because they are not just material goods but rather the people.
Al Dhaheri, S. and C. Drew. 2003. Guide for the Management of the Brine Shrimp (Artemia Franciscana) at Al Wathba Wetland Reserve. Terrestrial Environment Research Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
NaCl solution varies between freshwater that has a concentration of 0.005% salt and ocean water that has a concentration of 3.5% salt. I am using the NaCl solution in four different concentration levels, NaCl 0% (distilled water), NaCl .375%, NaCl .75% and NaCl 1.5%.
Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection explains the general laws by which any given species transforms into other varieties and species. Darwin extends the application of his theory to the entire hierarchy of classification and states that all forms of life have descended from one incredibly remote ancestor. The process of natural selection entails the divergence of character of specific varieties and the subsequent classification of once-related living forms as distinct entities on one or many levels of classification. The process occurs as a species varies slightly over the course of numerous generations. Through inheritance, natural selection preserves each variation that proves advantageous to that species in its present circumstances of living, which include its interaction with closely related species in the “struggle for existence” (Darwin 62).
Evolution is the theory that all living forms came from ancient ancestors and is the natural process to improve a species chance of survival. Through a series of mutations, genetic drift, migration, and natural selection today’s descendants show an amazing amount of similarities and diversity. Evolution on a small scale is called microevolution, an example being the
This experiment was used to see the effect of salt water on the algae in the freshwater tables. The effect of salt water on algae will make the algae decrease in number. The algae were used as an indicator organism to give an idea of pollution concentrations. (Colgan, 33) Salt water can cause many problems if the salt water should enter the freshwater ways. This salt water can contaminate the aquifers and drinking waters of the world. This idea is backed up in Spatafora’s saltwater intrusion paper “When this occurs, it will move the saltwater freshwater interface inland, resulting in a higher saline concentration in the aquifers' water, rendering it useless for human consumption, unless it is treated.”(Spatafora, 2008) Not only can the saltwater effect the drinking water this water can also not be used for irrigation as seen in F. Lugoli’s article about the contamination of southeastern Salento’s groundwater “The results indicated widespread pollution from salt and microbial contamination. Contamination from faecal microorganisms posed a significant risk of human infection in 100% of samples. Furthermore, the water was unsuitable even for irrigation in a high percentage of cases (31.8%), which is of considerable significance given that agriculture is one of the most important economic activities in the area under study.”(Lugoli, 2010) The salt water can also kill the plants, algae, and ultimately the animals that use that water for water and food. The rising amounts of saltwater can cause plants to die as seen in Winn’s Saltwater Intrusion and Morphological Change at the Mouth of the East Alligator River, Northern Territory article “Significant morphological change has occurred since 1950, with the tidal creek extending 4 km inlan...
Secondly, my project corresponds to mainly density, and the different densities a variety of eggs may have. First, I decided to test three different types of eggs;