Anti-ghrelin vaccine using a virus-like particles from the Bluetongue Virus (BTV) for obesity treatment

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Obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. The main goal of this review was to know a safe and effective anti-ghrelin vaccine for obesity, through the chemical conjugation of active ghrelin with NS1 protein tubules from the Bluetongue Virus (BTV) using a hetero-bifunctional cross linker. Ghrelin is a gut hormone that promotes weight gain by increasing appetite and food intake while decreasing energy expenditure All data and information obtained is used to discuss the issues that have been formulated. The data show that immunized animals present increasing titres of anti-ghrelin antibodies, while their cumulative food intake significantly decreased and energy expenditure was significantly enhanced, although there were no significative changes in body weight. This anti ghrelin vaccine using virus-like particles has a positive impact on energy homeostasis and may become an alternate treatment for obesity, to be used in combination with diet and exercise. Keywords: Obesity, Ghrelin, Vaccine, NS1 protein, The Bluetongue Virus (BTV), Virus-Like Particles Introduction Obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity are the fifth leading risk for global deaths1. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity has been increasing worldwide in the last decades, not only adults but starting as early as in childhood and adolescence1,2,3. More recent estimates suggest that body weight gain will continue to increase, particularly in the younger people4. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States: more than 20% of adults are clinically obese as defined by a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher, and an additional 30% are ov... ... middle of paper ... ...omeostasis: lifting the lid on a black box. Proc Nutr Soc 2000; 59: 385-96. 18. Kojima M, Kangawa K. Ghrelin: structure and function. Physiol Rev 2005; 85: 495-522. 19. Lechner F, Jegerlehner A, Tissot AC, et al. Virus-like particles as a modular system for novel vaccines. Intervirology 2002; 45: 212-7. 20. Ghosh MK, Borca MV, Roy P. Virus-derived tubular structure displaying foreign sequences on the surface elicit CD4+ Th cell and protective humoral responses. Virology 2002; 302: 383-92. 21. Mikhailov M, Monastyrskaya K, Bakker T, Roy P. A new form of particulate single and multiple immunogen delivery system based on recombinant bluetongue virus-derived tubules. Virology 1996; 217: 323-31. 22. Dornonville de la Cour C, Lindqvist A, Egecioglu E, et al. Ghrelin treatment reverses the reduction in weight gain and body fat in gastrectomised mice. Gut 2005; 54: 907-13.

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