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The influence of transcendentalism
The influence of transcendentalism
Transcendentalism analysis
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Anti-Transcendentalism
In the early 1800's two movements within the period of romanticism occurred. These two movements were transcendentalism and its counterpart anti-transcendentalism. Although the transcendentalists had an admirable dream of how people and life should be that fit many aspects of romanticism, they were far too hopeful and naïve when looking at humanity as a whole. Transcendentalists like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David
Thoreau believed in such things as the essential divinity of all people, the beauty of nature, and the human spirit. Those who opposed this movement at the time were known as anti-transcendentalists, followers of this philosophy like Herman Melville and Nathaniel Hawthorne believed in humanity's capacity to commit evil acts, the accreditation of all evil done in the world to original sin, and natures indifference to the suffering of man.
Nathaniel Hawthorne, a leading author who followed the philosophies of anti-transcendentalism wrote several short stories and novels in his life time like the "Ministers Black Veil" and "The Birth Mark" that represented in some way the anti-transcendentalist beliefs he had.
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This veil in Hawthorne's story is believed to represent secret sin to the people of the town who gossip about their preacher however, in relation to the fundamentals of
Throughout Hawthorne’s short stories which examine secret sin based in Puritan societies, the protagonist, Mr. Hooper, a preacher in Milford, describes to his wife “Do not desert me though this veil must be between us here on earth” (32). Hooper who has arrived at a point where his community and wife have abandoned him while on his deathbed realizes that he is deserted because of his secret sin. This description of utter loneliness is in contrast with Hawthorne’s portrayal of Hooper, who once was a prominent priest in the Milford area. Hawthorne’s depiction of Mr. Hooper’s secret sin, taking form in the black veil alters his life indefinetely. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short stories, the author identifies secret sin as the cause of isolation, relationship struggles, and the community’s behavior.
Transcendentalist writing had to do with the human sprit and its connection to nature. Transcendentalist thinkers believed that all things that occurred in nature were supposed to happen. For example, if there were forest fire that happened naturally, it would be looked at as a good thing because the ground gets nutrients. An anti-transcendentalist would see forest-fires as an act of destruction.
They had faith that people are at their best when they are frankly self reliant and independent. Both Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau believed in transcendentalism and dedicated their occupation to follow transcendentalist philosophy. Furthermore , they were major figures in the American Intellectual movement . They shared congruent ideas but used different ways to deliver it .
The 1830s was a time of serious religious conflict. Many people, especially authors, had different opinions on how to find true spirituality. In the end, authors in America created Transcendentalism. Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary movement that searches for individual truth through spiritual reflection, complete solitude, and a deep connection with nature. Because this was established by authors, many of them wrote different pieces reflecting and using the beliefs of Transcendentalism. Ralph Waldo Emerson was considered to be the father of Transcendentalism. He wrote many influential pieces that follow and emphasize major Transcendental beliefs. The major beliefs include the over-soul, nature, and senses. In addition to those, there are minor beliefs and overall ways of living. These beliefs were included in Transcendental pieces as a general way to share the belief and to create a movement. Due to the use of nature, senses, and the over-soul as its three core Transcendental beliefs, Ralph Waldo Emerson’s “Nature” successfully explain the fundamentals of Transcendentalism.
Transcendentalism is the American literary, philosophical, and political movement of the early nineteenth century. This movement had a large focus on the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson was considered
Therefore, there were many conflicting values which made it an unsteady system to follow. At the time of the Transcendentalism movement, "it preached, practiced, an idealism that was greatly needed in a rapidly expanding economy. "20 However, soon people began to find other, more comprehensible means of dealing within society. Therefore, they began to turn away from Transcendentalism.
Do you know anyone who is destroying themselves and others by their actions? If so this person is an antitranscendentalist. Antitranscendentalism is a literary term to describe a character’s potential to do harm to themselves. Along with bringing harm to himself or killing himself, he usually brings harm to others in one form or another. Another characteristic of an antitranscendentalist character is that there is usually signs or clues that tell the character that he is destroying himself, but the character chooses the ignore the signs or clues. Abigail Williams from “The Crucible”, Captain Ahab from Moby Dick, and Roger Chillingworth from The Scarlet Letter are all antitranscendentalists. They all harmed themselves and others in one way or another.
...ed to an optimistic emphasis on individualism, self-reliance, and rejection of traditional authority” (American 1). The major players in the transcendentalist movement are Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. They shared ideas such as self-reliance, and ideas about how there is a divine being that controls every person. They influenced many other writers and they even had an effect on the American society, then and now. Transcendentalism was a philosophy and a way of life. It will continue to be this as long as we have access to the great minds of the transcendental movement.
G.R. Thompson described the Anti-Transcendentalism movement as, “Fallen man 's inability fully to comprehend haunting reminders of another, supernatural realm that yet seemed not to exist, the constant perplexity of inexplicable and vastly metaphysical phenomena, a propensity for seemingly perverse or evil moral choices that had no firm or fixed measure or rule, and a sense of nameless guilt combined with a suspicion the external world was a delusive projection of the mind—these were major elements in the vision of man the Dark Romantics opposed to the mainstream of Romantic thought (“Dark Romanticism.” New World Encyclopedia N.p.).” This quote describes Anti-Transcendentalism which was a movement which was supported by many famous authors
In “The Minister’s Black Veil,” for example, Hawthorne describes how, “perhaps the palefaced congregation was almost as fearful a sight to the minister, as his black veil to them”(2). This directly contrasts the “light” faces of the members of the congregation with the darkness of the minister’s veil. By stating that the minister was just as afraid of the people as the people were of him, Hawthorne indicates that the people fear the minister due to the abrupt reveal of his mysterious sin, but the minister also somewhat fears the people and the secrets they hold deep within their hearts. The people of the town are supposedly pure and innocent, yet it is clear that many of the citizens carry the burden of their own evils. Although the minister boldly comes forward with his own sin, he still feels the pain of the loneliness, scorn, and spite that has come with his statement. Hawthorne represents the discomfort the guilty townspeople feel when in the presence of Mr. Hooper when he describes how they were, “conscious of lighter spirits the moment they lost sight of the black veil” (3). Once again, this use of light and dark imagery supports Hawthorne’s argument that people, even those who claim to be pure and innocent, are capable of sin. The townspeople in Mr. Hooper’s community feel the burden of their own sins when they come in
Transcendentalism was a religious movement that started in the late 1820s and 1830s. The main focus of transcendentalism was the perfection and goodness of a human being, nature, and the universe; it was also thought independence brought about the best in people. It was presumed that society was the cause of the corruption of purity in a person. Anti- Transcendentalism was a more realistic view of the world. They thought man was capable of evil as well as easily being deceived and their proneness to sin and self-destruction. Anti- Transcendentalists believed that making decisions solely on logic will create a negative effect in actions and thoughts.
This also led Thoreau to be a transcendentalist, as was his mentor, Ralph Waldo Emerson. Transcendentalism is a wide range of beliefs under one category. One belief that Thoreau felt strongly for was that there was a need for reform. In spite of the need for reform, it could not be forced upon people by legislation. Henry David Thoreau believed that in order for reform to be permanent it had to be individual reforming.
Henry David Thoreau's dominant trait was being a Transcendentalist. Transcendentalism is the belief asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the experimental and scientific and is knowable through instinct.
Authors have weaves Transcendentalism into many articles and stories throughout time. A number of authors have realized the factors of transcendentalism. Authors like Jon Krakauer, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Michael Donovan, have all wrote pieces on their transcendental beliefs. Michael Donovan’s poem it’s all on me shared that he also believes that you become high and have a high sense of feeling and unity with yourself.
There were many changes that made this movement. The Romantics turned to the poet before the scientist to harbor their convictions. They found that Science was too narrow-minded, and held no room for emotion or feelings. In England, there was a resurgence into Shakespearean drama, and numerous techniques and styles such as Sturm and Drang, a style of writing in Germany, and in art the title sublime to describe the power of natural disasters that developed in the Romantic period. The perception that the Enlightenment was destroying the natural human soul and substituting it with the mechanical, artificial heart was becoming prevalent across Europe. Also another thought that was at the wake of romanticism were the words of the French revolution emphasizing liberty, freedom, and individuality as well as the need in England to escape what the industrial revolution was doing to the country.