Anthropology of Farming
This research plans to compare and contrast the similarities and differences in agricultural development between the Jericho Valley,in present day Palestine, and that of the Andes Mountains. There are several aspects to compare in these regions. First and perhaps most obvious is the environmental differences of these regions as well as the ecological changes in each region has itself undergone. Closely linked to these environments is the native biological species, how these native species have been domesticated, as well as looking at what crop species have been introduced to the regions, and their effect on the native species. After explaining the differences in climate of the two regions it is important to understand who was doing the farming in these areas. This will be looked at in terms of cultural evolution, groups' social approach to farming and how that affects land use and technical procedure.
The Jericho Valley lies in present day Palestine. Today the area is known for the daily violence between two competing groups trying to occupy the same environment,and in the past the Biblical story of The Walls of Jericho being toppled by Joshua's army. But there was no great falling of the walls, and despite the violence farming still goes on in the area today. The city of Jericho did have walls surrounding them but research has shown these walls were not for defense, but for use in controlling the flow of water (Bar-Yosef, 1986). The historic site of Jericho was positioned in the flood plane of a recessed lake bed. The soil appears to have been a good brown color with a desirable amount of gravel. Yearly floods brought new soil to the area, this allowed for year-round growing on self-replenishing so...
... middle of paper ...
...ondon University. Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. And Aldine Publishing Company. Chicago, Illinois.Full Length Text
Lauer, Wilhelm. “Human Development and Environment in the Andes: A Geoecological Overview”. Mountain Research and Development, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1993, pp. 157-166.Jericho and Catal Huyuk. Bruce Owen. World Prehistory: Class 9. Copyright 2000. Retrieved 7 Mar. 2004 http://members.aol.com/wprehist/3250s09.htm.
“Farming in Palestine: An Agriculture Update” Palestinian Agricultural Relief Committees (PARC). July August, 1998. Vol. 2, No. 13. Retrieved 7 Mar. 2004 http://www.eurosur.org/PARC/eng/farming/farming13html.
Bar-Yosef, Vallo F. “The Natufian culture and the origin of the Neolithic in the Levant”. Current Anthropology. Aug. 90 - Oct. 90, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p433, 4p. Retrieved 25 Mar. 2004 with Academic Search Premier.
Crops can kill thousands and build millions. During the Potato Famine, an infamous crop failure, “1845 to 1947, more than one million people died of starvation or emigrated. Additionally, over 50,000 people died of diseases: typhus, scurvy, dysentery” (American University). For thousands of years crops have fueled large societies allowing for mass population growth and human expansion. But the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an agricultural reliance bered many consequences along with its pros. Switching to an agricultural way of life provided health issues among humans, drastic changes socially and culturally, as well as ecological implications. This paper examines the changes accumulated by this transition including its enduring
The lifeway of the Hunter-Gatherers underwent two major transitions in which the Systematic Agriculturalists and Pastoral Nomads were created. The Hunter-Gatherers changed in order to better survive and to have better lives. The transition into Agriculture was when people began to grow their own crops. The transition into Pastoralism was when people began to domesticate animals. These two new lifeways had both their advantages and disadvantages. Both lifeways involved one major transition in which human behavior and the environment in which people could live changed.
of the book. Boston: Pearson Education, 2012. Print. The. Madaras, Larry, and James M. Sorelle.
Agriculture plays an enormous part in having a functioning society. The farming fields in the
The terraced orchards of Palestine have been lovingly and dedicatedly tended for centuries. These terraces upon which olive trees spend their years are built by hand and circle the hills and mountains of Palestine. This form of farming demands a lot of care and attention to insure the
Agriculture is a major occupation in the Middle East, despite the mostly dry climate. Fertile soil for farming is found in the river valleys, on mountain plateaus, and in some oases, where natural spring water seeps up throught the rocks, providing good farming conditions. However, some of this farmland is being destroyed. Overgrazing has led to soil erosion, and the few mt. forests have been cut down, but the countries in which this is happening are taking action to try and save what they have left. Although there is some land that f...
Farming is an excellent way for one to learn responsibilities and develop a superior work ethic. For a person to become a farmer he or she would have to either own a plot of land or have access to land. For one to be a successful farmer he or she must be able to withstand what the farming life has to offer. If one were to become a dairy and beef cattle farmer he or she would be able to support his or her families with the products that are obtained from these creatures.
In conclusion, this research paper was all about the Nazca Lines and the Nazca Indians and also where they were located, how they lived, and why the Nazca Indians created the Nazca Lines. There is also many details about the theories on the Nazca Lines based on how they got there, and how the Nazca Indians created them. There are many more details about the Nazca Indians and what some of the lines form. Also, there are details about how they got water and how they grew the crops and what they ate to survive in the Peru desert for so long.
Agriculture in Central America. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 78, No. 2, 16, No. 2. pp. 63-84.
In the last 50 years, agriculture has intensified and yields per hectare have been rising. Intensification has allowed for a reversal of destruction of land. More land has been spared due to increased intensities. In India, 42 million hectares of land have been spared, approximately the size of California and globally, the world has saved an area the size of the Amazon (Ausubel, 1996). Of all human activities, agriculture transforms the...
dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States -- Virginia. Retrieved August 1, 2010, from Dissertations & Theses: Full Text.(Publication No. AAT 3047967).
Subsistence agriculture is the cultivation of crops or raising of animals in order to sustain the life of the farmer and their family; it is not commercial agriculture, as the farmer does not intend to sell their crops or animals. The farmer and their family eats the crop that they harvest, consumes the food produced by their animals, or utilizes parts of their animals to help sustain their lives. Subsistence agriculture takes place in less developed countries. About half of the population in those LDCs will be involved in the agriculture; manpower, basic tools, and animals, are used in cultivating the crops. The type of subsistence agriculture practiced in a region varies largely by its climate.
Agriculture is quite possibly the most important advancement and discovery that humanity has made. It produces the one thing that we need the most: food. It has been around since 9500 BC, and can be the oldest sign of mankind’s acumen and the development and evolving of our minds and creations. Agriculture has been mastered throughout hundreds of years and is one of our most important resources on Earth, along with water and fossil fuels. Although the older farming methods from ancient times seem somewhat mediocre and barbaric, they were very ingenious and advanced for that time period. Over thousands of years, we have improved the way agriculture is used, how land is cultivated, the various techniques of farming and irrigation, and the tools and mechanics used. Numerous things that we see as aboriginal today, such as using a hand plow, were extremely contemporary in ancient times, and played key roles in the development of man and society, since quick labor was not abundant before this time. We are now extremely advanced in agriculture and irrigation and the tools used to farm and grow and harvest crops. We have learned from our past and ancestors how to grow and evolve in our methods and have advanced forward greatly.
Younker, Randall W. "The Iron Age in the Southern Levant." Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader. Ed. Suzanne Richard. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003. 367-382. Print.
Agricultural farming is a process of farming in which farmer choose a particular type of farming practices, which can be broadly classified into subsistence and commercial farming. The type of agricultural practice chosen by an individual however depend not only the geographical location which is a function of the culture, education, technology and income of the people.