Leslie Chan
February 26, 2014
English 102
Ritt
Annotated Bibliography
Macdonald, Myra. “Representing Women: Myths of Femininity in the Popular Media.” London: E. Arnold, 1995. Print.
This source is a 220 page book written by an individual at Glascow Caledonian Univestory who lectures in Communication and Media This book is a brief analysis on how print and visual media affect women in the twentieth century. It does not limit itself to only reality but it also covers the myths that are associated with women and media/advertisement. She focuses a major part to the tendency of advertisers’ playfulness towards women representations. I will use this source to provide evidence and answers as to why women are targeted majority. Women were targeted by the mass media as early as the 1930s.
Slater, Amy, et al. “Reality Check: An Experimental Investigation Of The Addition Of Warning Labels To Fashion Magazine Images On Women's Mood And Body Dissatisfaction.” Journal Of Social & Clinical Psychology 31.2 (2012): 105-122. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. This source is a research paper on a experimental investigation done on women in a published journal. In this investigation, three groups of women are exposed to fashion with brand names. The three groups were one with no labeling, one with a short warning label, and one with an explanative warning label. The investigation showed that the group with a short warning label felt the less body dissatisfaction and were able to recall more of the brand names whereas the group with an explanative warning label couldn’t be bothered to read the whole labeling and the control group (without any labeling) both felt a greater level of body dissatisfaction. I will use this source ...
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...y Portrayed As Sex Icons? Statistics Show a Massive Gender Imbalance Across Industries." PolicyMic. N.p., 20 Feb. 2012. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.
This source is an article that talks about how women are portrayed in the media and that the problem lies at the stem(youth). The article talks about how women in films and television were rarely given leadership roles and were less likely to achieve their goals. Average teenage individual spends roughly 10 hours and 45 minutes in just one day consuming media. Women are becoming the majority of journalism and mass communication, increasing from year to year. Why is women body image an issue in the media if the producers of the content are women? I can use this article as support with the other sources in my research paper to find out why advertising media is degrading women when those who are producing the content are also women.
In this book, Bauerlein argues that technology as a whole has had the opposite of its intended effect on American youth. According to his argument, young adults in the United States are now entirely focused on relational interactions and, in his view, pointless discussions concerning purely social matters, and have entirely neglected intellectual pursuits that technology should be making much simpler. He calls on various forms of data in order to prove that the decline is very significant and quite real. This book is meant to be a thorough and compelling study on the reality of what technology has caused in the U.S.
In Rereading America excerpts by Jean Kilbourne’s “Two ways a Woman Can Get Hurt”: Advertising and Violence” and Joan Morgan entitled “From Fly-Girls to Bitches and Hos,” both authors focus on gender inequality in America. In doing so they are trying to explain to the audience about the status of women in the men dominated society. Both articles discuss the violence and exploitation of women and demonstrate the power of media and the entertainment world based on our attitudes that influence our behavior as men and women. Both selections also make readers think about the current status of women in the society and the media’s role in a way of effective gender roles among society. Kilbourne and Morgan provide the different examples in their own ways to support their selections and ensure to make their essay successfully persuasive by demonstrating their point of view, while still reaching the same conclusions. Kilbourne takes a calm approach to explain to the readers how the objectification of women in advertisements constitutes a form of cultural abuse, while Morgan adopt a very aggressive way to express her point of view. Comparing Morgan’s tone with Kilbourne, Morgan’s aggressive approach might leave readers disinterested to read her selection.
In “Still Killing Us Softly,” Jean Kilbourne points out that advertising and media are partly responsible for the behaviors and attitudes expected of women.
Advertising, whether criticized or celebrated, is undeniably a strong force in American society. Portrayals and Images of women have long been used to sell in published advertisements. However, how they have been used has changed enormously throughout the decades. Women have fought to find a lasting and prominent position in their society. Only in the span of twenty years, between 1900’s and 1920’s, the roles of women changed dramatically here in United States.
...s to disease. I feel that with this knowledge, people will be more open to people who look or feel out of place and help them to feel not lonely.
The documentary Killing Us Softly 4 discusses and examines the role of women in advertisements and the effects of the ads throughout history. The film begins by inspecting a variety of old ads. The speaker, Jean Kilbourne, then discusses and dissects each ad describing the messages of the advertisements and the subliminal meanings they evoke. The commercials from the past and now differ in some respects but they still suggest the same messages. These messages include but are not limited to the following: women are sexual objects, physical appearance is everything, and women are naturally inferior then men. Kilbourne discusses that because individuals are surrounded by media and advertisements everywhere they go, that these messages become real attitudes and mindsets in men and women. Women believe they must achieve a level of beauty similar to models they see in magazines and television commercials. On the other hand, men expect real women to have the same characteristics and look as beautiful as the women pictured in ads. However, even though women may diet and exercise, the reality...
Health for All: The Promise of the Affordable Health Care Act for Racially and Ethnically Diverse Populations
Jean Kilbourne’s “Two Way a Woman Can Get Hurt: Advertising and Violence” is a section of a book titled: “Deadly Persuasion: Why Women and Girls Must Fight the Addictive Power of Advertising” that was originally published in 1999. It is about the images of women that advertisements illustrate. The central claim or thesis of the document is that: “advertising helps to create a climate in which certain attitudes and values flourish and it plays a role in shaping people’s ideas” (paraphrase). The author wants people by all genders and young children to acknowledge a right attitude towards what is shown in the advertisements so that the standards of behavior will not be influenced. As a result, it enables the negative contribution from the advertisements to be limited or eliminated.
In today's world, what we see in the media dictates our world. Media, by definition, is a form of mass communication, such as television, newspapers, magazines and the internet. Since the beginning of this media phenomenon, men and women have been treated very differently, whether it be through advertisements or news stories. As women have gained more rights and social freedoms, the media has not changed their views on women. They are often viewed as objects, whether for a man's pleasure, or for as a group to sell only cleaning products to.The portrayal of women in the media has a highly negative impact on the easily shaped young women of today. Women of power are often criticized, others hypersexualized. The media also directs advertisements for household things at women.
To sum up, it is often said that advertising is shaping women gender identity, and some have been argued that the statement is true, because of the higher amount of sexual references of women that advertisement show and the damages that occur on women’s personality and the public negative opinions of those women. As well, the negative effects that those kinds of advertisements cause to young generations and make them feel like they should simulate such things and are proud of what they are doing because famous actors are posting their pictures that way. Others deem this case as a personal freedom and absolutely unrelated to shaping women gender identity. On the contrast, they believe that, those sorts of advertisements are seriously teaching women how to stay healthy and be attractive, so they might have self-satisfaction after all.
Victoria’s Secret “I Love my Body” lingerie campaign was being critiqued for this assignment. The reason why this advertisement was chosen is because of its irony. Victoria’s Secret is attempting to promote healthy bodies, and encouraging women to love the skin that they are in, which is contradicting to the image that is portrayed in the campaign. Advertisements intend to have very specific messages (Valenti, 2007). As individuals attempt to decode these messages, women get an idea of what the media believes beauty is, causing multimillion dollar industries due to lack of self esteem (Joey, 2003).
4) Kilbourne, Jean. Killing Us Softly 3: Advertising’s Image of Women. Dir. Sut Jhally. DVD. Media Education Foundation, 2000.
The advertising involved targets young teenage women and features models that portray desirable items, and the “norm” is for these women to be slender and beautiful (Vonderen & Kinnally, 2012). Research has been done to prove that the media’s pressure on being thin causes women to be depressive and have negative feelings about themselves. Women’s views are skewed and perceived incorrectly of what the typical female body should be (Haas, Pawlow, Pettibone & Segrist, 2012). Body image for women has always been stressed for them to look a certain way and to try to obtain “physical perfection.” But due to the pressure on women to be this certain way, it is common for the mass media to be destructive to the young, impressionable girl.
An article by Christina N Baker, Images of Women’s Sexuality in Advertisements: A content Analysis of Black And White Oriented Women’s and Men’s Magazine emphasizes on how women’s are portrayed in media such as advertisements and Magazine. The author analyzes how media has a huge impact in our society today; as a result, it has an influence on race and gender role between men and women.
Curry and Clarke’s article believe in a strategy called “visual literacy” which develops women and men’s roles in advertisements (1983: 365). Advertisements are considered a part of mass media and communications, which influence an audience and impact society as a whole. Audiences quickly begin to rely on messages sent through advertisements and can create ideologies of women and men. These messages not only are extremely persuasive, but they additionally are effective in product consumption in the media (Curry and Clarke 1983: