Lily Akrapongpisak
Biology 1B
Section 423
Annotated Bibliography: California Channel Islands
Resource 1: Literature Review
The Urocyon littoralis (Island fox) populations that inhabit the California Channel islands have significantly decreased since 1994. This paper reviews prior pathogen exposure in these populations, and examines the present threat through the use of a serologic survey of sympatric feral cats in 2001-2003 on three of the islands, and a survey of the foxes on all of the islands for antibodies against canid pathogens. The results suggest that the foxes were exposed to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, canine parvovirus, and toxoplasma before its population decline, while other pathogen exposure was rare. In 2001-2003, the foxes had exposure to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, and canine parvovirus, while the other viruses were less common. This suggests that sharing of pathogens and infectious agents between the feral cats
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It describes it as a coastal Mediterranean type of ecosystem, which is a rare mixture of vegetation and climate that can only be found in 5 other places in the world. The waters surrounding the islands contain a mix of nutrient-rich cool currents and warm coastal seawater, which enhances photosynthesis and the proliferation of sea life. Records of extinct species like the pygmy mammoth and giant deer mouse are evident on the islands as well. This website contains many photos demonstrating the abundance of organisms on the channel islands, and also has links to its marine resources, coastal resources, terrestrial resources, and ecological resources. Although there is no credited literature citations and known author, the website seems actively maintained by the National Park Service, which is a reliable government agency. It was also recently updated, and contains seemingly unbiased and objective
The main reasons why they are endangered are because a growing number of tourists who visit the secluded island are thought to hunt the sloths. The cutting of their habitat also plays a factor in their endangerment. Their habitat, which consists of mangroves, is their only means of survival on the island. It’s been speculated that, “dwarfism in B. pygmaeus may be related to foraging in mangroves” (Anderson, Handley 26).... ...
The gray wolf, Canis lupus, on Isle Royal is a small ever fluctuating population. On the endangered species list since 1978, the gray wolf has recently been taken off the endangere...
Jean Giddens (2013) defines culture as “a pattern of shared attitudes, beliefs, self-definitions, norms, roles, and values that can occur among those who speak a particular language, or live in a defined geographical region.” (Giddens, 2013). A person’s culture influences every aspect that person’s life. Beliefs affected by culture include how someone interacts within the family, how to raise children, the types of foods eaten, the style of clothes chosen, which religion is practiced, and the style of communication (including verbal, and body language, slang used etc.) (Giddens, 2013). In addition to these beliefs, health care practices are also affected by culture. The cause
“To discover, understand, and encounter the cultures and intricate natures of the California Indian people, it is necessary to search the past” –Nancy Wahl. Tracing back in California history, Spanish explorers, commanded by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, found the tip of what is now Baja California in the year 1533 and named it "California" after a mythical island in a popular Spanish novel. It is evident that from the time Spanish monarchs set foot in California, the world as Native Americans knew it was never the same again. The late 1700s initiated and marked the colonization of Spaniards in the “Golden State” which in turn provoked the massive persecution and extermination of Native American population as well as the disappearance of Native heritage and culture. As a result, the recurring despairs and adversities of the Indian population began.
What are the Causes and Effects of the Native American Occupation of Alcatraz Island? Dating back to the first occurrence of European colonization in the New World, Europeans have advanced their agenda of territorial expansion through the conquering of indigenous peoples. Clashes of culture brought forth a series of conflicts between Native Americans and European settlers that centered around differing religious beliefs and land ideologies. A tidal wave of new diseases also severely weakened the Native American population across the continent, leaving them vulnerable to the increased influx of European settlements. Over the span of 500 years, the European impact would eradicate an estimated 60 million Native Americans (“Native North Americans”).
Rabies does not discriminate against any warm blooded mammal; all that come into contact with the virus are at risk. Those who choose to live, work, and recreation in areas with a larger wildlife population are understandably at higher risk. People should be extremely wary of unknown animals and heed behavior changes in familiar animals. The virus is usually spread from a bite wound when the saliva of an infected animal is introduced to the victim via the bite. The virus travels from the origin of the wound to nerves and onward to ultimately infect the brain.
Some aspects of them went extinct, some changed and some stayed just as they were thousands of years ago. The cultures of native California tribes have experienced dramatic change under the direction of Spanish, Mexican and American rule. In each instance of rule there was an effort to assimilate the native Californians until the “old ways” were forgotten. As a result, languages – Sapir-Warf theory’s “distinct worlds” – were lost forever. What we newly see is native culture as a work in progress. How well native people of California could adapt to the conditions set by those in charge determined what from their cultures remained, changed and ultimately perished. I argue that nothing could have helped the native Californians preserve their cultures
Semaphore is a classic Adelaide beach supporting many facilities. However, this would not be the case if coastal management was not put into progress. Coastal management is a way of supporting the world’s coasts, by using many techniques from construction of structures in which prevents wave energy from reaching the shore to planned strategies. Factors of this includes; rising sea levels, erosion, long and short term drift, sand movement and marine biology. The importance of coastal management is quite significant as it will help to prevent coastal erosion. In addition to this, without coastal management the world will be affect economically, environmentally as well as socially. Without the strategies involving the management of the coast,
A small archipelago off the northwest coast of Britsh Columbia is known as the “islands of the people.” This island is diverse in both land and sea environment. From the 1700’s when the first ship sailed off its coast and a captain logged about the existence, slow attentiveness was given to the island. Its abundance, in both natural resources physical environment, and its allure in the concealed Haida peoples, beckoned settlers to come to the island. Settlers would spark an era of prosperity and catastrophe for the native and environmental populations.
"Rodents." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 July 2010. Web. 8 Mar. 2014.
The loss of habitat over time for the Florida panther has caused problems with dispersal and inbreeding within smaller populations. Inbreeding within these smaller patches of land, has resulted in congenital birth defects such as heart conditions and abnormal tails resulting in shorter life spans and high infant mortality within the panther populations (Facemire et al. 1993). In an effort to ameliorate inbreeding, a subspecies of puma from Australia (P. c. stanleyana) was introduced into South FL and has increased current panther counts from 60 in the 1990s to 130 individuals in 2001 (Johnson et al. 2010). In addition to inbreeding, panthers also suffer from exposure to environmental contaminants from agriculture and/or from consuming wildlife (raccoons) containing mercury and androgen crippling chemi...
The San Joaquin Kit fox has been listed has been listed as endangered since 1967 under the federal endangered list. San Joaquin Kit foxes are important in their ecosystem; they serve as a population control for smaller rodents the population has continued to decrease due to loss of habitat and degradation of the land caused by development. The efforts that have been made to protect this species are necessary for the species to avoid extinction. However, the efforts made to protect the species have yet to have positive results. Stricter regulations on development need to be implement, for example banning franking. If larger parcels of natural habitat are not obtain for the San Joaquin kit fox the population will not thrive and become extinct.
that had many living species. The people of the island used the natural resources like the trees for
FMDV can infect most or all members of the order Artiodactyla (cloven-hooved mammals), as well as a few species in other orders. Each species varies in its susceptibility to infection and clinical disease, as well as its ability to transmit the virus to other animals. Livestock susceptible to FMD include cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, water buffalo and reindeer. Llamas, alpacas and camels can be infected experimentally, but do not appear to be very susceptible. FMDV can also infect at least 70 species of wild animals including African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), bison (Bison spp.), elk, moose, chamois, giraffes, wildebeest, blackbuck, warthogs, kudu, impala, and several species of deer, antelopes and gazelles. Susceptible non cloven-hooved species include hedgehogs, armadillos, kangaroos, nutrias, capybaras, guinea pigs, rats and mice.
Natural has its own world in St. Martin. The island is about two kilometres long and the deep blue water all around it is outstanding to watch. Rocks of different sizes and types are all around the beach, some of which are with razor sharp spikes that can cut your foot into pieces if you step on them. Moreover, different coloured sea weeds and live corals can be seen on the rocks which are submerged in the water. St. Martin is the only Island in the world with live corals. There are more than thousands of different types of coral in this island. Scientists say that this island actually grew from this coral by the metamorphosis of different c...