Name: Benjamin Leamey Student Number: 11577028 Course: ASC221 Phone no.: 0422176073 Email: ben.leamey@gmail.com Lecturer: Sam Pant Subject Code: ASC221 Subject Name: Animal Genetics Assignment No.: 1 Due: 18 September, 2015 Word count: 1000 No. of pages: 8 Karyotypes: Horseplay or nay? Introduction Karyotyping is a test that can be performed on a eukaryotic cell to examine the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus. Karyotyping can be used to help identify genetic problems as the cause of a disorder or disease, such as Down syndrome. A karyotype test is very versatile, and can be performed on almost any tissue, such as blood, bone marrows, amniotic fluid, and if need be, the placenta of a pregnant woman. To make …show more content…
Karyotyping is very suitable for this experiment, “…we are able to arrest the dividing cells in metaphase by the addition of colchine and an acetic/menthol mixture, causing the cells to burst and spread chromosomes.” (Urwin 2015). We are performing this experiment to determine if from the samples it is a normal human male or a horse suffering from lymphocytes, as many genetic diseases in animals and humans are a result of alterations in chromosomal structure, such as translocations, deletions and sometimes mutations …show more content…
These two blood samples that we observed were the karyotypes of a female human and a female horse. What is significant about this experiment is the fact that neither sample A3 or B23 suffer from any form of variance. We can confirm that the human karyotype is healthy, supported by Pathology (2015), and the horse karyotypes are also healthy, with evidence from Horseman (2015). From the images provided we can see there is no significantly apparent mutation or missing chromosomes. As a karyotype test provides information about the number of chromosomes a person has, the structure of their chromosomes and the sex of the individual, it is able to distinguish if said person will suffer from any sort of disorder, such as Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a congenital condition caused by an extra chromosome. “For example, if a human karyotype depicts that a patient has three copies of the 21st chromosome, instead of two, the patient is diagnosed with Trisomy 21, also known as Down's syndrome”. (Innovateus.net, 2015) This is one significant way that karyotyping is used in the modern
The roots of animal experimentation began in the early 1600s when the world expressed in interests on the functions of animals and their uses in human life. However, it wasn’t until the incident regarding the drug thalidomide in 1960 did the government make it a requirement for drugs be tested on animals. During the incident, millions of women took the medication believing that it would be a source of relieve from morning sickness, not knowing however that it would cause irrevocable effects on their unborn children (Watson 4). Although the ruling seemed to provide a sigh of relief to some, the very idea of placing animals in strange uncomfortable environments and experiencing pain and euthanasia angered many. According to the American Anti-Vivisection Society, commonly known as AAVS, It is wrong to treat animals as objects for the purpose of scientific research, and to cause them pain and suffering (“Animal Research Is Unethical and Scientifically Unnecessary”). Although the arguments against animal experimentation seem credible, animal testing on medicines and products are necessary in order to insure the safety of human beings.
79%, were heterozygous. We concluded that it is possible to examine small amounts of DNA by
I can remember being a little kid and listening to stories my Grandpa and Great Grandpa told about the mustangs that used to be around the Black Canyon. They used to tell stories about when they would put their mares out with the mustangs during the winter to get bred. Then they would go out in the spring and catch their mares. They told stories of the times they had to chase the mustangs from the fields during the winter so the cattle could eat. They told of when they would go and capture the colts from the herd to keep for themselves. I can even remember the last one they ever had. He was at least 25 years old when I saw him. The last I knew of the mustangs Bureau of Land Management (BLM) rounded the herd up and that is all I ever heard.
My periodic table on horse breeds. I choose this because I love horses. I love riding them, caring for them, and just being around them in general. I organized the horse breeds into four groups - ponies, light horses (usually riding horses), and draft horses (usually working horses), and other horses (miniature horses, gaited horses, etc.).
The American horse racing industry has been admired by generations upon generations. Although it is a very cherished sport, like any other sport, there are many issues involved. The major issue that I find is that many owners make the decision to breed when there are other solutions. The Jockey Club, also known as the head council for the American Horse Racing Industry, should be addressing the major issue of overbreeding in the American horse racing industry.
Both of these methods can help determine and eliminate genetic disorders, as certain conditions can be screened out using these technologies. As discussed in Meseguer et al., more than 300 diseases have been related to sexual chromosomes till date. Case studies also argue the important role of these methods in family balancing for varied family dynamics who aim to compensate their family with a representation of the other sex (Meseguer et al., 2002). Critics have also mentioned that with an increase in demand, these methods could become more economical and widely available, including to couples who may need it due to medical
For centuries people have enjoyed horses in various ways. From racing Thoroughbreds to western pleasure, the equine sport can be observed around the world. But, behind the glitz and glamour of horse shows, there is also a dark side. Nowadays, some horse people will use harmful shortcuts to get a leg up in competition. “ Pushed beyond their limits, most horses are subjected to cocktails of legal and illegal drugs intended to mask injuries and artificially enhance performance.” (PETA). Many trainers will use extreme, abusive techniques in the name of competition.
The fetus may measure under expected weight, and with later ultrasounds, physical abnormalities may be seen. The use of an ultrasound is not a full proof method of diagnosis for trisomy 18. During the end of the first trimester, pregnant mothers are given the option of prenatal screening to assess the fetal risk of certain chromosomal abnormalities, including trisomy 18. This testing referred to as combined test, combines results from the mother’s blood and the ultrasound results. If results suggest a higher risk probability, a later more conclusive test will be scheduled. During the 15th to 18th week of pregnancy, an amniocentesis or chorionic villus can be performed to have a detailed analysis of the fetal chromosomal material which will show any abnormalities in their karyotype. There is a slight risk with both procedures of injury of the fetus or possible miscarriage. Newer testing has been developed as “non-invasive prenatal diagnosis,” which involves extracting fetal DNA from the mother’s blood sample. After birth, diagnosis is suspected based on physical attributes of the infant. As with before birth, blood testing for chromosome analysis is used for confirmation testing.
Grand champion! I was riding Fancy, a paint horse, at the Dallas County Fair in the Horsemanship class. In this class, I had to complete a pattern and it was judged on how well each horse and rider completed the pattern. The judge felt that Fancy and I performed best and awarded me with a big purple ribbon and a trophy with a horse on top. At the end of the fair, all of the grand champions were announced before the races. That was the final reward for successfully showing a horse in competitions.
The first step taken in karyotype test is by taking a sample of your Mitosis cells. These samples can be taken from various tissues, including bone marrow, amniotic fluid, blood, or placenta. The sample is then placed in a laboratory dish that allows the cells to grow and multiply. Then the dividing cells are stopped in metaphase by treating it wit...
he horse, Equus ferus caballus, is a subspecies from the family Equidae. Over the past 50 million years, through survival adaptations, the common horse has evolved from a relatively small, multi-toed animal into the large, single toed animal known today (Wilson,. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore).
Klinefelter syndrome, although it can sometimes appear as an extremely uncomfortable and complicated condition, is nevertheless on that can be controlled, and to an extent, managed. This syndrome is relatively easy to diagnose, as the telltale sign that reveals the presence of Klinefelter is having two X chromosomes (ex. XXY), as opposed to a single X chromosome (ex. XY). Overall, this brings a person’s chromosome number to forty-seven, as opposed to the normal forty-six. Under a light microscope, a diagnosis can be made and delivered to the patient extremely quickly.
The procedure of genetic screening embryos allows the finding of a defective gene in an embryo. In many countries there is already a widespread programme to screen for the chromosome abnormality. Since this technology can change the information at the level of individual?
A Karyotype is when you cut out individual chromosomes from a picture and rearrange them. There are matching pairs of chromosomes these are called homologous pairs. Each pair is given a number. One of each pair came from the mother and one of each pair came from the father. The pairs can be distinguished as each pair has a distinctive banding pattern when stained. There are two sex chromosomes and the rest are called autosomes. In most karyotype the sex cells are kept to one side so that the sex can be seen easily. In females they have two X chromosomes and in the males they have an X and a Y chromosome. The Y chromosome has a portion missing and is therefore smaller then the X chromosome.
The horse that we know today developed from a small creature about the size of a small-dog, the fossil record of horses extend back to 50 million years ago. During evolution, some horses had survive tough conditions to breed the next generation this process known as natural selection. The horse developed into completely different animal from Hyracotherium also known as “Eohippus” meaning the “Darwin horse” to Equus, today's horses. Throughout the millions of years many changes had occurred to the evo-lution of horse, this essay will discuss the evolution of horses with the use of tayony, natural selection and modern research. When naming, describing, and classifying organisms including all animals, plants and microorganisms of the world, taxonomy is the right name used for this in science.